专题09 短文首字母提示填空
Passage 1（2025·江苏淮安·中考真题）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整、通顺，每空一词。
Rabbits are small and cute animals with white fur, long ears and soft bodies. Many people keep one as a p 1 at home. But the rabbits in the wild are not the s 2 as those at home. The information below may help you know more about them.
What do wild rabbits e 3 ? You may think they like carrots best. However, they would rather choose green plants, such as grass and vegetables. Sometimes, they also eat crops, s 4 farmers may not welcome them.
Where do wild rabbits live? Most of them live in the fields, forests or grasslands. They are g 5 at digging holes. They dig underground holes which can provide space from enemies and bad weather. The holes can also be used to store food and raise the y 6 . Also, some wild rabbits may live in the bushes.
H 7 do wild rabbits keep safe? They have many enemies, such as foxes and snakes. To survive, they use clever tricks. For example, when other animals hunt them, they will run away in a special way, so they won’t be c 8 easily. Also, their special eyes allow them to notice d 9 from almost every direction. Though they are not very strong, their amazing abilities help them live through the hard conditions in nature.
There are also some fun facts about wild rabbits. Can you imagine they can j 10 as high as 2 metres? Their front teeth never stop growing, so they need to chew (咀嚼) every day to stop them from getting too long. Isn’t that amazing?
Passage 2（2025·江苏盐城·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
Eddy was from Brussels. One day, his mother took him outside their small store and surprised him with a new bike. The four-year-old Eddy was very e 11 and couldn’t wait to learn to ride. With his father’s help, he tried hard. He f 12 down a lot of times but didn’t give up.
As Eddy grew older, he loved riding his bike everywhere. When he was seven and started school, his father b 13 a new bike for him. He rode it to carry food and things to people’s houses. It helped him win high p 14 from the neighbourhood.
Eddy became interested in bike races after seeing a champion rider. He r 15 wanted to be a bike racer. He worked hard and saved m 16 to buy a race bike.
Eddy had a hard time in the beginning. But he never lost heart and he took an a 17 part in different kinds of races.
Two years later, in a small town, Eddy joined in a race. Most riders were taller or stronger. Some people didn’t think he could f 18 the race. But Eddy kept pedaling hard. By the fourth lap (圈), some riders got tired, but Eddy didn’t stop. In the end, he passed all the o 19 riders and won his first race!
Eddy went on to have a great career in bike racing. He won many big races. He became one of the b 20 bike racers in the world. His never-give-up spirit inspired a lot of people.
Passage 3（2025·江苏南通·中考真题）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
About 160 years ago, the Austrian scientist Mendel did many important experiments (实验) with pea plants. After eight years of careful r 21 , he finally discovered the basic rules of inheritance (遗传). This helped him make great p 22 in the study of biology. But for the next hundred years, people still didn’t know why some pea plants were tall while some were short.
Then, amazing news came! A group of international scientists worked t 23 and found more. This team was led by two great scientists, Cheng Shifeng from China and Noel Ellis from the UK. They shared information from their experiments, talked about problems, and tried different ways to s 24 these problems.
The scientists used modern scientific tools to look at Mendel’s 1865 experiments again. They wanted to learn more about the genetic (基因的) changes. So, after 2019, they grew more than 700 k 25 of peas from Britain in China. They built special greenhouses to study the plants. Finally, they discovered the changes in pea genetics. What a great s 26 they achieved!
Cheng Shifeng, the group’s lead scientist said, “Mendel found out the rules of inheritance many years ago, but he didn’t know what a gene was and h 27 it worked. Now we can see the changes clearly from the study.”
Scientists once tried to e 28 why some pods (豆荚) are green and others yellow. This study has found out some secrets about genes in DNA．The genes can c 29 the colours of peas.
This study shows that with modern scientific tools, nowadays we can understand the genetic world b 30 . It’s a great example of how we keep working out the mysteries of nature.
Passage 4（2025·江苏扬州·中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。(每空一词)
Chinese writer Wang Zengqi once wrote, “When I arrive in a new place... I prefer to visit the local farmers market to see live chickens and ducks, fresh vegetables and bright fruits. It’s lively and brings me a sense of the joy of l 31 .”
Nowadays, more people feel the same as Wang. They love to explore farmers markets wherever they visit. These traditional markets, which used to be just local s 32 places, are attracting visitors during holidays, especially the young. They think visiting a city w 33 exploring farmers markets is a waste of a trip. There they can enjoy mouthwatering food, local culture and real nature of a city.
Luo Yan, a tour lover, travels around markets nationwide. He agrees these farmers markets are c 34 to local people’s daily life than those scenic spots (风景点) and supermarkets which seem all the same everywhere. In Xi’an, he enjoyed tasty Roujiamo, w 35 in Inner Mongolia, he tasted the famous air-dried beef. The generous sellers e 36 shared with him some trade secrets.
Foreign travellers, too, consider these markets as interesting w 37 into Chinese daily life. Luo Yan noticed a group of American tourists walking around a farmers market in Beijing. They talked with the sellers though they had difficulties with l 38 and could not stop trying local snacks. The visit left a lasting impression on those foreign visitors. They are touched by the energy of locals and the flavour of Chinese daily life.
The popularity of farmers markets among visitors shows an important c 39 —from a focus on scenes that cover every place to deeper experiences of local life. As part of this trend, many old farmers markets are upgraded or set to reopen. One of them is the Chongwenmen farmers market, which was b 40 in 1976. After 15 years of closure, it reopened to the public earlier this year.
Passage 5（2025·江苏连云港·中考真题）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
When people do not get enough food, they cannot grow strong or healthy. We should include plenty of v 41 and other plant-based foods in our diets. They provide necessary nutrients (营养) for our h 42 .
Scientists are working hard to make sure that everyone can have e 43 food to eat. They are thinking of all kinds of new ways to g 44 plants. For example, they create plants that can survive in difficult conditions, and use technology to grow fresh food in p 45 like deserts (沙漠).
It’s quite challenging for plants to live in deserts because they are very hot, have very l 46 water, and have poor-quality soil. Sometimes there is even salt in the soil, which makes it h 47 for most plants to survive.
However, over time, plants have w 48 out clever ways to deal with the challenges of living in the desert. Desert plants have small, narrow leaves or wax layers (蜡层) on their leaves to p 49 themselves from the sun. They also have deep roots (根) that go far into the ground for w 50 . Some plants can take in salt and store it in their cells.
Passage 6（2024·江苏南京·中考真题）
请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
Do you take music and art classes? These classes, which are part of a group of classes often known as arts education, allow students to learn new things in a c 51 way.
Many people believe music and art classes play an important part in the lives of students. However, some people believe art and music matter l 52 than other classes. Different opinions about art and music can i 53 arts education, so it's important to understand these points of view.
Most people believe music and art classes should be part of a student’s education. They can give students r 54 to enjoy school if they don’t like other subjects. Children who take music classes have higher math and English test scores than those who don’t, and music classes have been shown to help with language d 55 and memory.
Some people argue (争论) that art and music classes r 56 too much money for things such as art supplies and instruments. They believe that money should be spent on things such as new science or math books, which are often seen as more useful for f 57 jobs.
Although some people might argue about how much art and music classes matter compared to other subjects, it is clear that they do matter. Students who take these classes generally do b 58 in school and are more likely to stay in school. In this way, art and music classes can be a path to s 59 for some students.
Studies show some ways art and music classes matter to student. However, there are some ways that can’t be s 60 . Art and music classes help students see the world in new, creative ways.
Passage 7（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
The world is changing very fast. Scientific technologies are now influencing a 61 every field of life. A scientist once said that success in developing scientific technologies would be one of the biggest events in human history, but he thought some of them might also be the last unless we learn to avoid the risks. For m 62 society, scientific technologies are amazing but humans may face a lot of challenges.
Will humans be controlled by scientific technologies in the future? Some people say “Yes”. They think humans will be under control completely. I 63 computers are implanted (植入) inside brains, things will be much worse. With the d 64 of technologies, robots have taken the place of humans in some fields and it may make some people l 65 their jobs. What’s more, data centres need a large amount of energy to run. At the same time, it produces so much h 66 all the time that a great deal of water is used for cooling. All these may be the risks the scientist referred to.
However, other people don’t a 67 . They are hopeful about the relationship between scientific technologies and humans. They say that scientific technologies have done much for us and made our daily lives much easier. They can free people from doing housework, writing articles or e 68 making films. For example, some technologies can change words into short videos easily and make it p 69 for some common people to be directors.
Every coin has two sides. Rather than worrying about the risks of scientific technologies, we should learn to use them in a w 70 way and manage them well.
Passage 8（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整、通顺，每空一词。
You may think it is impossible for people in flats to have a beautiful garden. That’s not true! The rooftop gardens (屋顶花园) are becoming more and more p 71 in big cities now. It is a nice way to turn an empty space into a pretty and relaxing area.
Rooftop gardens seem very modern. But in fact, it has a long history. More than 2,000 years a 72 ancient people started to build the rooftop gardens. Those gardens had the same purpose. If an enemy army attacked the city, they might destroy the city’s food which could keep people a 73 . So the advice of moving the farming places to the top of the houses was g 74 .
Today’s rooftop gardens are different f 75 the old ones. They also have other uses. For example. the plants in the garden take in more heat. The temperature in the house below is usually lower in summer. S 76 the air conditioner (空调) is less often used. More energy can be saved.
However, a rooftop garden needs more c 77 . First of all, build a fence (栅栏) around it. The w 78 may blow your plants down from the roof. You don’t want anyone to get hurt, do you? Also, remember that rooftop gardens get more sunshine. If you have plants that shouldn’t s 79 in it for too long, you may have to put them in the shade sometimes.
It’s not e 80 to look after a rooftop garden, but if you put your heart into it, you will make your little part of the city much nicer.
Passage 9（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
Zodiac animals are important to the Chinese people for long. Many years ago, a president from a foreign country v 81 China. At the dinner, he presented people with a riddle, “There are twelve things that can be given to all the Chinese, and each person can get his or her o 82 . What are the twelve things?” The answer is of course the “12 zodiac animals”. As a cultural sign that stays with a person since his or her b 83 , the zodiac animal of the year plays an important role in e 84 life. Even today, many Chinese people will use “What is your zodiac animal?” instead of “How old are you?” when they ask about a person’s a 85 .
In ancient times, people formed clans (部落). Different clans had different signs. The clans usually used the looks of animals. O 86 , an important meeting was held. At the meeting, the animals used by the most powerful clans were d 87 as the zodiac animals.
Just l 88 China, many other countries also have similar systems of zodiac animals. For example, India has a system of 12 zodiac animals, which is a 89 the same as that of China, with only the lion in the place of the tiger. The Vietnamese (越南的) system has cat instead of rabbit, but the other e 90 animals remain the same. It is widely believed that it was the Chinese zodiac culture that spread to the countries nearby.
Passage 10（2024·江苏盐城·中考真题）
Do you have a friend with an interesting background? Today, I’d like to tell you about a friend of m 91 with it. I’ll tell you a bit about her, such as where she’s from and why we’re good friends.
You know, I didn’t use to do s 92 . However, a couple of years ago, I j 93 a fitness club. There, I met Linda. After the exercise, we had coffee together and b 94 good friends soon. I think we have a lot in c 95 —we both like to keep fit and love trying different food. And we love the ocean; in summer, we like to play at the b 96 and go swimming there. Linda was b 97 in London, but has lived in China for ten years. So she can s 98 both Chinese and English. That’s something different about us. Another d 99 is her background—Linda has experience and knowledge of two cultures.
So, now you know a bit about my friend Linda. Although we might not always live in the same city in the f 100 , I think we’ll stay friends forever.
Passage 11（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Even though my grandfather was a farmer, my grandmother would iron his work clothes every day. Grandmother mixed up her own starch (淀粉浆) in a glass b 101 with a metal cap that had several holes. She sprinkled Grandfather’s jeans with the starch, hung them over a chair for a few minutes, and then i 102 them.
Because I watched her do this through my childhood, I thought every old woman did it. But as the years passed, I began to question this p 103 . Why did Grandfather need his work clothes ironed? Most days, he never saw anyone b 104 me and maybe a few other farmers. The clothes became dirty in just a short time. Why did Grandmother s 105 devote time and effort to ironing Grandfather’s clothes that were rarely seen?
One day when I was about 13, I asked Grandmother about it. She told me Grandfather was the most handsome man in the world. Later that day, I looked c 106 at Grandfather. He sure didn’t look so handsome to me. He was short and fat with false teeth (假牙). Later I told her my thought.
She gave me a girlish smile and said, “You just aren’t looking in the right light, Cathy. I remember when he had r 107 teeth. He has the most beautiful eyes I have ever seen. They are e 108 the same color as the sky just before the sun goes down. I want the world to see my h 109 as the most beautiful man. I want him to feel beautiful. I iron his clothes every day because for all these years, he has made me feel beautiful.”
The years went on, and I watched Grandmother and Grandfather grow old together. I was probably 30 when I u 110 what beauty really was. It was Grandmother ironing Grandfather’s jeans with starch from a glass bottle.
Passage 12（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
Community connects us with each other. A community is a p 111 where people live, work and play together. It’s just like a school, where s 112 help each other to learn. People in a community h 113 one another, too.
People in a community have different skills. They often help neighbors s 114 all kinds of problems. For example, sometimes people do not feel well. The d 115 and nurses will make them feel better. There are also some engineers. They may help people f 116 their broken bicycles or washing machines. When people don’t know what to wear to a party or how to design their homes, the artists will give them some a 117 .
Some college students work as volunteers in their s 118 time. They often do some cleaning for the old people and help students with their h 119 .
Community is not a building or an organization. It is like a big f 120 . Members of a community have a sense of trust, safety and caring for each other.
Passage 13（2023·江苏南京·中考真题）
请根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。
An excerpt (节选) from the famous classic novel Alice in Wonderland reads as follows: “Would you tell me, please, which way I ought to go from here?” asked Alice.
“That d 121 a great deal on where you want to get to,” said the Cheshire Cat.
“I don’t much care where!” said Alice.
“Then it doesn’t matter which way you go,” replied the cat.
Most of us are l 122 Alice in the above dialogue. We don’t have a specific (明确的) idea of where we want to r 123 and what we want to become in life. It is said that “Good luck is the r 124 of good planning” and “Well planned is half done”. To plan means to look ahead and design f 125 courses of action to be followed. Decide what e 126 you want to achieve and plan in detail when and how you are going to do a specific activity. According to Koontz & O’ Donell, “Planning is d 127 what to do, how to do and who is to do it in advance (事先). Planning works as a b 128 between where we are and where we want to go. It makes possible things happen, which wouldn’t otherwise happen”.
So start p 129 yourselves for your future plans right away. Plan your present well so you would have nothing to r 130 in future. Now it’s time for you to take important decisions!
Passage 14（2023·江苏盐城·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
Fu Ting lost her right arm in an accident when she was 3. At the a 131 of 13, she went to a sports school in Xiangtan, Hunan Province. She began swimming t 132 there. Fu Ting took part in Athens 2004 Paralympic Games and other events d 133 her years as an athlete, and won 18 gold medals.
After retiring in 2004, Fu Ting decided to e 134 a university to study law. Through hard work, she graduated and worked as a lawyer. In 2017, Fu Ting set up a service group, p 135 free legal(法律的) help for the disabled. At the s 136 time, she also joined a volunteer group, sharing her life stories in primary and secondary schools, giving legal speeches in communities, in order to encourage more people to help those disabled people in n 137 .
“In the face of the disabled, we should first ‘respect’ and t 138 ‘help’,” Fu Ting said. “I’m h 139 to help them with my own experience and knowledge. And I hope they can help make o 140 country better. I believe I will keep on doing that.”
Passage 15（2023·江苏南通·中考真题）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整的、正确的形式，使短文通顺。
Moving the strings (弦) of the nation’s heart
When talking about the history of the guqin, Wu Wenguang, a famous performer of the ancient zither (古筝), likes to tell a folk story about the sincere friendship between a musician and his biggest fan.
D 141 the Spring and Autumn period, there was a musician named Yu Boya. He lived alone in a forest where he often played the guqin. One day, a passing woodcutter, Zhong Ziqi, was attracted by the sounds of the ancient zither and stopped to l 142 . It was the best that he once heard. Yu’s playing created different p 143 in Zhong’s mind, such as clouds flowing and waterfalls falling. They became good friends. After many years, when Zhong Ziqi passed away, Yu decided never to play the guqin again because he knew that he wouldn’t have anyone e 144 like Zhong to so truly understand his music.
“With the power to e 145 the deepest feeling, the guqin becomes the connection between performing and listening,” says Wu. “Today when we talk about t 146 Chinese culture, the ancient zither, which was played by many famous people on literature, is surely in the center of the ancient culture.”
Indeed, the guqin, a p 147 musical instrument of ancient China’s educated group, was also the favorite instrument of Confucius (孔子). In 2008, it was a 148 to the list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
In April, when President Xi Jinping m 149 with French President Emmanuel Macron, a classic guqin piece, High Mountain and Flowing Water, was played to celebrate the friendship between the two c 150 . The instrument not only shows the past greatness of Chinese civilization (文明), but also continues to shine today.
Passage 16（2023·江苏镇江·中考真题）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
At the dinner table, Westerners use knives and forks, while the Chinese use chopsticks. S 151 at least 3,000 years ago, chopsticks have been the eating tool for the Chinese people. Ancient Chinese used pottery pots (陶罐) to cook food during the Pottery Age. And they used branches or bamboo sticks to p 152 up the food. Later on, they developed the habit of using the chopsticks. In general, the material of chopsticks can be d 153 into five groups: bamboo and wood, metal, jade, bone and chemical plastics. In Modern Chinese family life, people prefer to use the bamboo or wooden chopsticks b 154 they are good for the environment and cost a little.
Using knives and forks or chopsticks brings about a difference not o 155 in lifestyle. For example, the use of knives and forks makes it c 156 for people to eat individually (分别地). And the use of chopsticks makes it possible for the family members to have meals t 157 . As the Westerners prefer to eat individually, they have the idea and habit of not d 158 on others after they grow into adults. The w 159 that Chinese people use chopsticks and eat with others around the table is connected with the lifestyle of the Chinese family. Nowadays, an increasing n 160 of foreign students are coming to China. They are happy to learn to use chopsticks and enjoy the pleasure of eating with friends around the table.
Passage 17（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。
Ali has worked and lived in Shandong Province for almost six years. When his friends suggested g 161 to Rizhao for a two-day trip, the first things that came into his mind were its beautiful beaches and nice seafood. Rizhao certainly goes b 162 that! It is also “hometown of green tea” in northern China. Rizhao l 163 in the southeast of Shandong Province near the Yellow Sea. It has pleasant weather, rich soil, and enough sunlight. All these make it s 164 for growing high-quality green tea. Ali had the chance to pick tea leaves for the first time in his life. “This is the first time I’ve learned about Chinese tea culture. It’s a new and exciting experience for me. It’s fantastic!” Ali said with a smile on his f 165 .
Passage 18（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Peter Pan wishes Wendy, John and Michael, especially Wendy, would stay in Neverland forever, but finally the Darling children decide to fly back home and grow up.
“Quick, Tink,” Peter whispers. “S 166 the window. Then when Wendy comes back, she will think her mother doesn’t love her anymore, and she will return to Neverland with me.”
Mrs. Darling is playing the piano. Peter didn’t know the tune, Home, Sweet Home, b 167 he knows it’s saying, “Come back, Wendy, Wendy, Wendy.” Peter looks through the door and sees two big tears in Mrs. Darling’s eyes.
“She loves Wendy,” he thinks. “But I love Wendy, too. We c 168 both have her.”
He looks at Mrs. Darling again. The two tears are still sitting on her e 169 .
“Oh, all right,” he says at last, sadly. Then he opens the window.
When Wendy, John, and Michael arrive, they find the window o 170 for them. They all get into bed to surprise their mother.
When Mrs. Darling goes back to the children’s room, they are all in their beds. They wait for her to say something, but she says n 171 . She thinks she is dreaming. She sits by the fire.
The children are so w 172 . Why isn’t their mother happy to see them again? All three of them jump out of bed, run to her and shout, “Mother!” She realizes she is not d 173 anymore. Mr. Darling and Nana come in. They are all so happy. Peter w 174 them from the window but he is looking at something he will never have.
Many years pass. When Peter visits Wendy again, she has g 175 up and has a daughter of her own. Peter is still a boy who can’t grow up.
—Taken from Peter Pan
Passage 19（2023·江苏连云港·中考真题）
根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar has 24 solar terms (节气) in a year. Ancient Chinese people created this system to m 176 the change of time based on the sun’s position. In ancient times, this system guided farming activities. It t 177 farmers what to do according to the changes in temperature. Today, 24 solar terms still play an important role in Chinese people’s e 178 life. They remind people of the changes in s 179 and to eat suitable food. This ancient time system has gained new charm now. In Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, the director used a new countdown (倒计时) method, showing 24 solar terms instead of numbers. This creative method was greatly p 180 by people around the world. They are amazed by the wisdom of Chinese people.
