前言
此前我们梳理了名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词、数词、冠词七大词性。今天开启新模块学习:连词。
连词在英语中如同绳索与胶水,用来衔接单词、短语或是完整句子,整体分为并列连词、从属连词两大类别。本节课主攻并列连词。(珍惜每一次用心整理,内容值得收藏备用)
并列连词释义:用来连接结构相同、地位对等的词、短语或句子,相连部分不分主次、互不依附。
一、基础单个并列连词:and / but / or / so / for / yet
1. and(和、并且)
释义:表并列、顺承、补充,可连接单词、短语、句子。
例:
(1) I like apples and bananas.(我喜欢苹果和香蕉。)(连接两个名词)
(2) He went to the park and played football.(他去公园踢了足球。)(连接两个动词短语)
(3) I like English, and he likes math.(我喜欢英语,他喜欢数学。)(连接两个完整句子)
注:祈使句 + and,翻译为“如果……就会……”
例:Study hard, and you will pass.(努力学习,你就能通过考试。)
2. but(但是、然而)
释义:表转折,前后语义相反。
例:
(1) The box is small but heavy.(这个箱子个头小却很重。)(连接两个形容词)
(2) He runs fast but carelessly.(他跑得很快,却很马虎。)(连接两个副词)
(3) He wanted to go out for a walk but stay at home.(他本想出门散步,却只能待在家里。)(连接两个短语)
(4) I want to go, but I am busy.(我想去,可是很忙。)(连接两个完整句子)
注:although(虽然)和but(但是)不能在同一个句子里一起出现,二选一使用
错误:Although he is old, but he is strong.(二者不可连用)
正确:Although he is old, he is strong.(虽然他年纪大,但是身体健壮。只用although)
正确:He is old, but he is strong.(他年纪大,但是身体健壮。只用but)
3. or(或者;否则)
释义:两层含义,一是选择“或者”,二是警告“否则”。
例:
(1) Do you like red or blue?(你喜欢红色还是蓝色?)(连接两个单词)
(2) Let's go swimming or go shopping.(我们去游泳或者逛街吧。)(连接两个短语)
(3) We can walk, or we can take a bus.(我们可以步行,也可以坐公交。)(连接两个完整句子)
注1:肯定并列用and,否定并列改用or
① I like bread and rice.(我爱吃面包和米饭。)
② I don't like bread or rice.(面包和米饭我都不爱吃。)
注2:祈使句 + or,译为“……不然就……”
例:Hurry up, or you will be late.(快点,不然你就要迟到了。)
4. so(所以、因此)
释义:表结果,引出由前文带来的结论。
例:It is raining, so I stay at home.(下雨了,所以我待在家里。)(连接两个完整句子)
注:because(因为)和so(所以)不能同句连用,同样二选一
错误:Because he was ill, so he didn't come.
正确:Because he was ill, he didn't come.(因为他生病了,所以没来。只用because)
正确:He was ill, so he didn't come.(他生病了,所以没来。只用so)
5. for(因为)
释义:表推测原因,只能放在后半句,严禁放在句子开头,区别于because。
例:
(1) He must be tired, for he works all day.(他一定累了,因为工作了一整天。)
(2) She is happy, for she gets a new gift.(她很开心,因为收到了新礼物。)
6. yet(可是、然而)
释义:轻微转折,语气弱于but。
例:
(1) The book is thin yet useful.(这本书很薄却很实用。)
(2) He is poor yet honest.(他很穷但是为人诚实。)
二、关联并列连词
这类连词像成对的筷子,缺一不可,重点考点集中在主谓一致。
1. both...and...(既……又……)
规则:连接两个主语时,谓语动词一律用复数
例:
(1) Both Tom and Jack are good students.(汤姆和杰克都是好学生。)
(2) Both my mother and my aunt like dancing.(我的妈妈和姑姑都喜欢跳舞。)
2. not only...but also...(不但……而且……)
注:but和also是固定成套搭配,必须连用,不能拆开单独使用
规则:遵循就近原则,谓语动词和离它最近的主语保持单复数一致
例:
(1) Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.(不光学生,连他们的老师都在欣赏这部影片。靠近谓语的是teacher,单数,谓语用is)
(2) Not only Lily but also her father goes hiking on weekends.(不光莉莉,她的爸爸周末也去徒步。靠近谓语的是father,单数,谓语用goes)
3. either...or...(要么……要么……)
规则:遵循就近原则,谓语动词和离它最近的主语保持单复数一致
例:
(1) Either you or I am going to the meeting.(要么你去参会,要么我去参会。靠近谓语的是I,搭配am)
(2) Either Mike or his sister has lunch at school.(要么迈克,要么他妹妹在学校吃午饭。靠近谓语的是sister,单数,谓语用has)
4. neither...nor...(既不……也不……)
规则:遵循就近原则,谓语动词和离它最近的主语保持单复数一致
例:
(1) Neither he nor his friends like playing football.(他和他的朋友们全都不喜欢踢足球。靠近谓语的是friends,复数,谓语用like)
(2) Neither Lucy nor Tom knows the answer.(露西和汤姆都不知道答案。靠近谓语的是Tom,单数,谓语用knows)
小知识:并列连词前逗号用法
一句话记规则:前后是两个独立完整句子,加逗号;共用同一个主语连贯动作,不加逗号
例:
① It rained heavily last night, so the ground is wet.(昨夜大雨滂沱,地面湿漉漉的。)(双完整句,加逗号)
② He got up, washed his face and rushed to school.(他起床洗脸,接着飞奔去上学。)(同主语连贯动作,无逗号)
课后小测
一、选词填空(备选:and / but / or / so / for / yet)
1. I wanted to buy the book, ( ) I didn't have enough money.
2. Hurry up, ( ) you will miss the bus.
3. Study hard, ( ) you will make great progress.
4. It was getting dark, ( ) we decided to go home.
5. He stays at home, ( ) it rains outside.
6. The dress is cheap ( ) beautiful.
7. I don't like milk ( ) juice.
二、选词填空(备选:both...and / either...or / neither...nor / not only...but also)
1. ( ) Lily ( ) Lucy are from Canada.
2. ( ) you ( ) your brother has to clean the room.
3. ( ) my mum ( ) my dad likes watching cartoons.
4. ( ) Tom ( ) his sister enjoys drawing pictures.
5. ( ) Kate ( ) I enjoy reading storybooks.
6. ( ) your sister ( ) you can go to the park.
参考答案
一
1. but 2. or 3. and 4. so 5. for 6. yet 7. or
二
1. Both; and
2. Either; or
3. Neither; nor
4. Not only; but also
5. Both; and
6. Either; or