有提示词考点配套练习:用真题检验你的“先定词性,再定形式”
在第三阶段“有提示词考点拆解”中,我们先后攻克了谓语动词的时态语态、非谓语动词的三种形态,以及词性转换与特殊考点。这三大板块的核心原则就八个字:“先定词性,再定形式”。今天这篇文章,是第三阶段的收官练习。我从近年高考真题中精选了若干题目,按考点分组编排。建议你先独立完成,再对照答案和解析,检验一下自己是否真正掌握了这八个字。一、动词考点(谓语+非谓语)
题目1:The players' personalities (1)__(reveal) during the game, and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent.(2025全国卷Ⅰ)题目2:These sepals open on warm days (2)__(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.(2024全国卷Ⅰ)题目3:A six-meter-tall pavilion, (3)__(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden.(2024全国卷Ⅱ)题目4:In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (4)__(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.(2019全国Ⅰ)题目5:When fat and salt (5)__(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.(2017全国Ⅰ)题目6:She always dreams of__(choose) as the lead in a major play.题目7:Tu Youyou was the first Chinese female scientist__(award) a Nobel Prize for her work.题目8:The eastern bluebird is the state bird of New York and Missouri, easily__(observe) in trees or on fences looking at the clearings and searching for food.题目9:It was the first time the old lady__(tell) her sufferings to others.题目10:The Olympic Games, first celebrated in Athens in 1896,__(hold) every four years so far this century. | | |
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| are revealed | 主语personalities与reveal是被动关系(个性被显露),一般现在时,主语复数。 |
| to give | 句子已有谓语open,此处用非谓语。开放萼片的目的是给阳光和空气,表目的用to give。 |
| inspired | 句子已有谓语was built,此处用非谓语。亭子被《牡丹亭》启发,被动关系用inspired。 |
| have reported | In recent years是现在完成时的经典标志,主语复数。 |
| are removed | 描述一般事实,用一般现在时。脂肪和盐被移除,被动语态,主语复数。 |
| being chosen | dreams of 后接动名词,而she与choose是被动关系(她被选为主角),因此用动名词的被动形式being chosen。 |
| to be awarded | 名词前有序数词the first修饰时,非谓语作后置定语通常用不定式;且屠呦呦与award是被动关系,因此用to be awarded。 |
| observed | 句子已有谓语is,此处用非谓语。bluebird与observe是被动关系(被观察到),用过去分词observed。 |
| had told | “It was the first time that + 从句”结构中,从句谓语用过去完成时had done。注意:这是谓语动词考点,与题7的非谓语考点不同。 |
| have been held | so far this century是现在完成时的标志,且Olympic Games与hold是被动关系(被举办),因此用have been held。 |
💡 关键辨析:the first 后接非谓语 vs 谓语:
- 名词前有“the first/second/last/only”及形容词最高级修饰时,非谓语作后置定语通常用动词不定式(如题7)。
- “It is/was the first/second... time + that 从句”结构中,从句考查的是谓语动词的时态(如题9)。两者的考点本质不同,需仔细区分。
非谓语动词:主动to do/doing,被动done;注意动名词的被动形式being done和动词不定式的被动形式to be done二、词性转换考点
题目11:Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international (11)__(visible).(2024全国卷Ⅱ)题目12:I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China, and (12)__(center) heating doesn't exist.(2025全国卷Ⅱ)题目13:The latest (13)__(engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure.(2024全国卷Ⅰ)题目14:They have become an__(influence) force driving bird and natural ecosystem conservation in China.题目15:Winning__(recognise) in the international market, China's high-quality products have brought us a good profit. | | |
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| visibility | 形容词international后接名词,作宾语。visible→visibility(形容词→名词),意为“知名度”。 |
| central | 修饰名词heating,用形容词central,作定语。center→central(名词→形容词)。 |
| engineering | 名词作定语修饰techniques,engineering techniques意为“工程技术”。 |
| influential | 修饰名词force,用形容词influential,作定语。influence→influential(名词→形容词)。 |
| recognition | 作winning的宾语,用名词recognition。recognise→recognition(动词→名词)。 |
常见转换:-tion/-ment(动词→名词),-ly(形容词→副词),-al/-ful/-y(名词→形容词)三、比较级与最高级考点
题目16:Yellowstone was the (16)__(large) United States national park until Wrangell-Saint Elias took the honors.(2024全国甲卷)题目17:The plum trees are one of the (17)__(early) to flower even as the snow is melting.(2021全国乙卷)题目18:As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even (18)__(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.(2017全国Ⅰ)题目19:War and Peace is the (19)__(long) book that I have ever read. | | |
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| largest | the + 最高级,large→largest。表示“美国最大的国家公园”。 |
| earliest | one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词,固定结构。early→earliest。 |
| worse | even修饰比较级,bad→worse。even worse意为“更糟的是”。 |
| longest | “最高级+名词+定语从句(从句用完成时)”结构,表示“(我)读过的最……的……”。 |
even/much/far + 比较级,表示“更……”注意不规则变化:bad→worse→worst,early→earlier→earliest四、综合挑战
题目20:Over the last two years, some supermarkets (20)__(start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions.(2024浙江卷)题目21:So curious were the couple__wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.题目22:By the late 1990s, Avatars__(use) in web chats like instant messages.题目23:The black rhino there__(see) an encouraging increase in population over the past decade. | | |
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| have started | Over the last two years是现在完成时的标志,主语复数。 |
| about | be curious about是固定搭配,意为“对……感到好奇”。so…that…结构中的about被提前至curious之后。 |
| had been used | By the late 1990s是过去完成时的标志,且Avatars与use是被动关系,因此用had been used。 |
| has seen | over the past decade是现在完成时的标志,主语单数。see在此处意为“经历、见证”,表示犀牛种群经历了数量的增长。 |
💡 词汇点睛:see 的特殊用法:see 除了“看见”之外,还可表示“经历、见证、目睹”,常与时间、地点或事件搭配,描述某地或某段时间内发生的变化。例如:The past decade has seen rapid changes in technology.(过去十年见证了科技的飞速变化。)这一用法在高考真题中屡见不鲜。
总结:这份练习覆盖了有提示词三大考点——动词、词性转换、比较级最高级,并补充了非谓语被动形式、固定搭配、词汇特殊用法等高频考点。如果你能全对,说明“先定词性,再定形式”这个原则你已经基本掌握。如果有错误,建议回到对应考点的拆解文章,找到薄弱环节,做针对性训练。这是《系统化高考英语提分指南》专栏「语法填空」系列的第十一篇文章,也是第三阶段“有提示词考点拆解”的收官练习。至此,有提示词的核心考点——谓语动词、非谓语动词、词性转换、比较级最高级——已全部讲完。从下一篇开始,我们将进入一个全新的阶段——综合实战。用完整的真题文章,检验你学到的所有方法论。记叙文、说明文、话题专练,带你一步步把知识转化为分数。欢迎在评论区打卡:这23道题,你做对了几道?哪道题最让你意外?
我是杏坛系统笔记,一位专注高考英语系统化方法论的一线教师。本号持续更新《系统化高考英语提分指南》,涵盖语法填空、完形填空、七选五、阅读理解、写作等全题型系统方法论。
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