科学技术 Passage 1 (高一下·河北张家口·期末)Are you guilty(内疚) of bad computer habits? You might not even realize it. 1 So you should break the following bad computer habits for a healthier digital life. Snacking at the screen 2 However, crumbs(碎屑) can damage your keyboard and become a suitable place for bacteria (细菌) to grow. Touching your skin after typing on a crumb-filled keyboard might as well harm your skin. Leaving the computer on around the clock Convenience often gets the better of protection, but leaving your PC or laptop on all the time can wear it down and waste electricity. 3 Your computer and your energy bill will thank you. Marathon gaming time Gaming can be an attractive hobby, with hours flying by as you’re addicted to the screen. However, over-gaming can lead to physical and mental stress, resulting in poor sleep, weakened immunity(免疫), and even mental health issues. 4 After an hour of gaming, a 10-minute break can do wonders. Using public computers carelessly Saving passwords on your personal computer is acceptable, but doing the same on public computers is a no-no. It’s extremely easy for someone with tech to know how to get those passwords and access your personal information. Be extremely careful when using public computers. 5 So, in today’s world, where digital wellness is becoming increasingly important, let’s break bad habits and have a healthier, more mindful approach to our digital lives. A. Remember to take a rest B. Make it a habit to shut it down when you’re done for the day. C. Who doesn’t love eating snacks while looking through the web? D. However, some things you do daily can harm your tech and yourself. E. Don’t you know a little comfort now could lead to a big headache later? F. Always exit the computer and never save passwords on public machines G. It’s best to shut down your computer correctly to avoid any possible damage Passage 2 (高一下·江苏南京·期末) Do you really want to spend your life looking at you phone? Most time-consuming apps are invented to appeal to us. 6 These apps are part of the “attention economy”, where our awareness and data about what we are likely to concentrate on rather than goods or services are being sold. And we are in fact, the product operated into giving our most valuable attention away for free. 7 Instead, advertisers are. App designers draw on users by imitating techniques used by gacha(游戏抽卡), which are widely considered to be some of the most addictive online games ever to be invented. Gacha is devised to trigger the release of dopamine. The latter is a neurotransmitter in our brains that records when behaviour is worth repeating and motivates us to taste it one more time. The tricky thing about our dopamine systems is that they are non-discriminatory. 8 We may be inspired to recount that behaviour, whichever is good for us, like exercise, or harmful, like wasting an hour scrolling on TikTok. In fact, our smartphones and apps are wrapped with considerable dopamine triggers(诱因). Glowing colours are one of them. 9 The more often online activities trigger the release of dopamine, the more likely it is for those leisure entertainments to become a habit or even an addiction. Rewards are also influential triggers. Some of the most common rewards on our phones come as social affirmation, such as a thumbs-up or a comment on a post. This is why apps such as social media, the news, email, games and shopping are so effortless to lose time on. 10 So, if we don’t recognize, don’t consciously fight back, we can be easily conditioned to seek out dopamine hits from our mobile devices like lab rats trained to press a lever to get food. A. So are novel video clips and various live-streaming with melodies. B. They’re the ones with the most dopamine triggers on our bright screen. C. There are many reasons that we are attached to our phones. D. This is how their creators make a profit from the click and usage ratio. E. Suppose specific behaviour sets off the release of dopamine. F. We only experience what we pay attention to. G. We are not the actual customers of these apps. Passage 3 (高一下·浙江宁波·期末)Does your teenager seem addicted to the Internet? Probably yes. 11 At first, parents welcome the Internet into their homes, believing they are opening up an exciting new world of educational chances for their children. 12 Instead of using the Internet for homework or research, they are spending hours messaging with friends, playing online games or talking to strangers in chat rooms. Keeping a healthy balance between entertainment media and other activities in their children’s lives has always been a challenge for parents. The Internet has made this challenge even more difficult. 13 However, parents are usually not aware that there is a problem until it becomes serious. This is because it is easy to hide what you are doing online and Internet addiction is not widely recognized by the medical community. Children and young people can easily become hooked on online activities such as multi-player games, instant messaging and chat rooms. The most vulnerable children are those who are unpopular or shy with peers. 14 Boys, in particular, are frequent users of online role-playing games, where they assume new identities and interact with other players. For the children who are not so outgoing, playing these games with thousands of other users may apparently be a social activity.15. So parents need to help children limit the online time to an appropriate amount. A. That is especially obvious when it comes to online social games. B. In fact, playing too much can further keep them away from friends and peers. C. The amount of time teenagers spend online is a source of concern for many parents. D. But numerous parents don’t discover this worrying situation and ignore it naturally. E. However, many parents soon realize that their kids were gradually becoming Internet addicts. F. The engaging nature of the Internet makes many children lose track of time when they’re online. G. They can be easily attracted to the opportunities for creating new identities in online communities. Passage 4 (高一下·浙江丽水·期中)Over recent years, AI has become accessible to everyone, significantly making our lives easier compared to before. However, there are risks as well as benefits. 16 Be critical(批判性). AI can do amazing things, like create images or write stories, but it does not reflect on what it is writing. It will put text together in a way that makes sense but often cannot read “between the lines”. 17 You can use this as an opportunity to develop critical thinking skills. Watch out for chatbots. Chatbots are designed to simulate(模拟) conversations as if they were another human being. But there may not be any human checks on improper content. Don’t forget that the “person”you’re speaking to is actually a machine, not a human. 18 It only shows language based on pre-written models and rules. 19 With all the focus on AI text, you might not notice that pictures and videos are also part of the AI. Your photos and facial image become available to AI when uploaded, which makes it harder to protect your identity. So be careful about your privacy and always remember that any data you upload to the internet can be stored, scanned and processed by AI. However, the developments in this field are highly exciting. And with open policy conversations and some oversight, AI can be a powerful learning and engagement tool. - 20 A. Understand AI’s limitations. B. Pay attention to visual uploads. C. It does not share your ideals, beliefs, culture or religion. D. If left unaccompanied, chatbots could feed into your curiosity. E. Here are three things you can keep in mind as you use AI in everyday life. F. This means every word, sentence that AI creates should be treated carefully. G. The potential benefits that could arise from using this technology are endless. Passage 5 (高一下·安徽安庆·期末)We’ve all heard the standard advice for lifting ourselves out of an unfavorable mood(情绪). Here are some novel ideas beyond that. 21 We all sometimes find activities we enjoy but then unaccountably stop doing them. Pick up an activity you typically enjoy but haven’t done in the past six months. This could be, for example, visiting a park you used to like to walk around, or tending a plant you’ve previously grown. Rewrite a story. We all have stories that get us down. For instance, “I should’ve done X better,” or “X was my fault.” Often, we have replayed the story so many times that we begin to see the story as fact. 22 Come up with other explanations for the causes or results of what has happened. Take a highly creative approach to a task. For example, my kid is currently learning about the 50 states. 23 A more creative way might be to ask individuals which state they grew up in and engage in a conversation about that. Solve a problem in a much simpler way. 24 It can pull down your mood and energy. It’s necessary to identify a much simpler way to solve a problem that’s populating your to-do list. For example: give something away rather than cleaning or storing it. Throw out a “must” thought. It can be a huge mental relief. You can even do this physically. Write the thought on a piece of paper and put it out with your trash! Or type out the thought and strike through it. 25 A. Then write a replaceable item. B. Start with a behavioral strategy. C. Rediscover a forgotten pleasure. D. A common way to do this is a postcard exchange. E. Having hanging items on your to-do list can feel weighty. F. Yet it’s never too late to recompose a story about your own behavior. G. Use what you already own to solve a problem rather than searching for a new resource. Passage 6 (高一下·安徽蚌埠·期末)Some multi-story(多层) buildings are designed with a “soft” level that offers significantly less support than the levels above or below it. These buildings are called soft-story buildings. These floors cannot deal with the destructive forces caused by an earthquake. 26 This will cause what is known as the “soft-story collapse(倒塌)”. Soft-story buildings are characterized by having a story that has a lot of open space. 27 Hotels and office buildings can also have soft stories. Large retail space(零售空间) or floors with a lot of windows are common in such buildings. If a building has a floor that is 70% less firm than the floor above it, it is considered a soft-story building. This soft story creates a major weak point in an earthquake. Soft stories are classically associated with retail space and parking garages. 28 When they collapse, they can make the whole building fall with them, sometimes making the structure unusable. 29 When builders apply for a permit to build a new structure, engineers may analyze the plans to ensure that no soft stories are built in. If the building department decides that the building will be structurally unsound in a quake, recommendations for improving the design may be included in the rejection (拒绝) letter. Older buildings are of great concern to building departments and emergency services in areas where earthquakes are common. 30 Such projects may be relatively inexpensive, especially when compared with the cost of replacing a soft-story building after it collapses. A. As a result, the soft story may fall. B. A building with a soft story is similar. C. A collapsing building is very dangerous. D. So they are often on the lower stories of a building. E. Parking garages, for example, are often soft stories. F. These buildings are often in need of improvement to make them safer. G. Many areas in an earthquake zone have exact building rules about soft-story buildings. Passage 7 (高一下·山东潍坊·期末)In the 1960s and 1970s, some writers and university professors called themselves “futurists”. These futurists tried to forecast the future. 31 The problem was that none of these futurists were scientists or engineers. So, while they knew the future would have more powerful computers, they had no clue what these computers would look like, what they could do, or what impact they would have on our lives. 32 Having said that, we can make some good guesses about future technology by looking at current scientific and technological advances. We can also ask the real experts: the scientists and engineers who are bringing us these advances. Because so much of our daily life will be integrated with computers, virtual reality will become an actual, real reality for many of us. This virtual world will at times seem as real as — if not more real than — the actual world around us. Without leaving home, you will be able to take tours of foreign countries, or even get a medical exam by a doctor in another city. 33 There is already, for example, technology which will allow blind people to see using cameras and deaf people to hear using microphones that are connected to their brains. Future technology will allow people to defeat all sorts of physical disabilities. Much research is being done to unlock the human mind. Using technology that is being developed now, people in the future may be able to not just read someone else’s mind, but also record their thoughts like one would record a movie. 34 For example, robot hands are being developed for people who have no hands. These artificial hands are connected to a person’s nerves so that the person’s brain tells the hands what to do. As a result of such advances, in the future, some people who are badly injured may become more robot than human. 35 We should all eagerly view the future as a great adventure — a new world waiting to be explored. Who knows exactly what we will find? A. Speaking of medicine, people with brain injuries will be able to find new hope. B. That is, their brains will control their robotic body parts so they can live their lives normally. C. Only a few of their predictions were right, and all of them missed the computer revolution. D. Artificial hands are made stronger and faster than human ones and work very well. E. Some other research involves using robotic technology to replace human functions. F. Many new parts will be made to replace broken human body ones. G. This should make us hesitate before we try to predict the future. Passage 8 (高一下·山东聊城·期末)Gift baskets are a popular gift choice. The key idea behind such a basket is that you are giving someone several smaller gifts instead of a larger one. 36 And the entire package is attractively wrapped in cellophane(玻璃纸). Gift baskets are almost always themed. They can be tailored to the recipients’(接受者) interests. Books and pens can be given to a writer. New lipstick and nail polish colors are always good choices for a make-up enthusiast. 37 A gift basket doesn’t have to be a basket. 38 This can be a chance to really highlight the theme. A gift basket for a gardening enthusiast could consist of seed packets, a nice pair of work gloves and a new gardening tool inside a terracotta pot or a watering can. For a movie fan, wrap a few DVDs and some popcorn in a fun serving bowl. 39 Pre-made gift baskets sit on the shelf already wrapped and ready for purchase. This is gift-giving at its easiest. Besides, some stores also offer gift baskets created right before your eyes. They allow you to select the items you would like in your basket, and then they’ll arrange and wrap the items for you. What’s more, you can also bring the contents home and make baskets only by yourself. Homemade ones allow you to have total control over the design. Whether you create the gift baskets by your-self or not, they are excellent presents for any occasion. 40 They can be a unique way to express your appreciation and thoughtfulness and are sure to make the recipients feel special and appreciated. A. Any container will do. B. Not everyone likes small gift baskets. C. These small items are usually packed in a container. D. So don’t forget to make some for those you care about. E. The best containers can be used long after the contents are gone. F. Whatever they look like, gift baskets can be separated into three types. G. These highly personalized baskets can make recipients especially enjoy receiving them. Passage 9 (高一下·湖南张家界·期末) How to pack the materials for camping Everyone needs a break from everyday life. Camping can be a great way to get outdoors and surround yourself with nature. 41 Bring a tent. 42 It should also be light and easy for transport. If it’s supposed to rain at all while you’re camping, make sure your tent has a rain cover so you don’t get wet while you’re sleeping. Some campsites or outdoor stores may offer tent rentals if you don’t have a tent you can use. Choose a sleeping bag. Sleeping bags have different ratings to determine the temperature at which they can keep you warm and comfortable. Check the weather at the campgrounds and determine what the lowest temperatures are so you know which sleeping bag to bring along. 43 But if you’re camping in cooler months, you may need something thicker. 44 Many times, a campfire is your only heat source while you’re camping, so some foods may not cook as easily as others. Look for foods that you can cook, such as hot dogs, vegetables and meats, since they’re the easiest to hold over an open fire. Pack a basic survival kit. 45 It includes items like pocket knives, flashlights, first aid supplies and multipurpose tools, so you can stay safe while you’re camping. You can either buy a prepackaged camping survival kit or you can make your own and carry it in a toolbox. A. Prepare food that’s easy to cook. B. Use a cooler to keep food cold. C. It should be large enough for you and your things. D. Look at an outdoor store for different types of tents. E. If you’re camping in summer, you can use a thin sleeping bag. F. Make sure you have a survival kit in case there’s an emergency. G. When you start planning your trip, make sure to pack the materials you need. Passage 10 (高一下·广东广州·期末)Have you ever started a new task at work, only to be distracted(干扰) by a ding on your phone? Or perhaps you’re in the middle of a report, and your mind starts to wander to what you’ll have for dinner. If you find yourself familiar with any of these scenes, don’t worry. 46 Now let’s explore the reasons behind these distractions. Our brains are naturally easy to be distracted. They are wonderfully complex machines designed to absorb new information and adapt to our environment. 47 They always quickly change our attention to the new stimulus(刺激), causing us to lose focus on our current task. 48 It’s fortunate for us to have access to technology and the Internet, which provide a wealth of resources for learning, connecting, and entertaining ourselves. But this blessing is double-edged. The tools that help improve productivity can also lead to distractions. We have a short attention span(持续时间). 49 It’s said that our attention span has a cap, much like the limit on a fuel tank(油箱). And once we hit that upper limit, our focus begins searching for other limits, like a traveler eager for new landscapes. In our daily life, distractions come in many forms and the sources of distractions can vary widely. The path to a more focused and productive life isn’t necessarily about removing all distractions. It’s an impossible task in this age of information. 50 A. We live in a world full of distractions. B. We have poor time management skills. C. But this strength can also be a weakness. D. This isn’t necessarily because of a lack of interest. E. Regaining your focus might be harder than you think. F. You’re just part of a much larger group than you imagine. G. Instead, learn to acknowledge and manage them effectively. 人与动植物/灾害防范 Passage 1 (高一下·广东肇庆·期末)City gardens are unique spots in busy cities. Who would not like to take a break from the busy life and visit these peaceful places full of life and colours? 1 They take care of the gardens and turn them into colourful places for all to enjoy. Gardens are reminders that we should slow down and appreciate the beauty of nature. 2 There, the wind hits gently on your face while carrying a refreshing fragrance(香味) of flowers. Sounds calm, right? The sound of nature calms the mind like the little bees humming or leaves whispering to each other in the mild wind. 3 It’s as if they’re telling softly stories of the earth’s wonders for those who care and love to listen to them. These places aren’t just pretty; they are a perfect place to hang out with your family or friends. They are like community centers where everyone is welcome to chat, play games, exercise, and do whatever their heart desires. 4 You can plant your own garden in the backyard and enjoy its quietness. It is scientifically proven that spending time around the greens can affect your mood(心情) positively and help you get mental peace. Everyone should visit city gardens monthly for a peaceful break. Whenever you’re feeling stressed, go to relax in nature. And when you do, don’t forget to give a nod to the gardening service teams. 5 A. They’re making it all possible. B. Imagine walking in a city garden. C. It’s like nature’s own conversation. D. That’s where gardeners are discovered. E. Gardening is nothing less than a treatment. F. What makes them even more special are the gardeners. G. It’s easy to keep these gardens good-looking and lively. Passage 2 (高一下·山东东营·期末)World Wildlife Day is celebrated each year on March 3rd. This is a day that has the goal of informing the general public about the plants and wild animals in the world. So you can do many things to celebrate this day. As we all know, litter can be harmful to birds, fish, and other wildlife. Therefore, make an effort to pick up any litter that you see. 6 You can visit an aquarium or zoo near you, because aquariums and zoos help a lot with endangered species, allowing their populations to increase. 7 Thus, World Wildlife Day is the perfect day to pay a local aquarium or zoo a visit. If possible, try to learn about the plants and wild animals near you. You can do some research about local wildlife. You can also research some of the threats to these plants and wild animals. 8 For example, if one of the primary threats an animal faces is litter, be sure to deal with it properly, and pick up any litter you see. If you like, you can plant a garden with native tree, bush and flower species. 9 To plant them in the garden accordingly, it is necessary to do some research beforehand on trees, bushes and flowers that are native to your area and where they would grow best. 10 There are a variety of organizations that help wildlife in different ways. If you have a specific species that you’d like to support, or even if you’d just like to help wildlife in general, there might be an organization somewhere that you can join and assist with their efforts. A. Every year, there is a theme for World Wildlife Day. B. If the threat they face is caused by human, try to help reduce it. C. These may be the only places to find certain endangered animals. D. Additionally, it’s a good way to join an organization that helps wildlife. E. These can help provide wild animals with a place where they can shelter. F. Databases online can help us find the plants which are native to our area. G. And you’d better make sure that you reduce the amount of litter you create. Passage 3 (高一下·湖南·期末)The number of people dying in natural disasters is lower today than it was in the past. 11 However, if you can keep your head and find the right place to stay when the ground starts shaking, you might be able to survive. 12 The biggest danger is falling pieces. Since earthquakes happen suddenly without warning, you have to think quickly to stay safe. If you are indoors during an earthquake, remember: “drop, cover and hold on.” Drop: When you feel the ground shaking or something crashing, get down on your hands and knees. 13 Quickly crawl(缓慢行进) under a strong desk or table nearby. Don’t try to run downstairs or walk to a safer place because you might fall. If you are in bed, stay there and cover your head with a pillow until the shaking stops. Cover: Use one hand to cover your neck and head. 14 If not, move towards a wall inside the building, not the outside walls with windows. Stay on your hands and knees, keeping your hand over your neck for protection. Hold on: Hold onto your desk or table with one hand while keeping the other over your neck and head. Be ready to move with the desk or table. 15 However, if you are outside, driving or at the beach, trying to find something to hide under may not be an option. A. This keeps you from falling over. B. If it is not strong enough, turn to another one. C. Earthquakes can still be destructive, though. D. Then crawl under a desk or table if there’s one close by. E. Advanced technology provides many ways for us to stay safer. F. Remember, don’t try to move until the shaking has completely stopped. G. The safest place during an earthquake is likely an open field with no trees around. Passage 4 (高一下·广东广州·期末)Sending astronauts to Mars is a big challenge. It’s a long, dangerous journey. And astronauts will have to take EVERYTHING they need. 16 Launching things into space is expensive. “To get to Mars, we already have the technology,” says Michael Flynn. “The problem is, it’s costly.” 17 Instead of building a heavy spaceship and packing it full of stuff, why not build Water Walls — a recycling system and use the stuff as part of the spaceship? Making oxygen and taking away carbon dioxide — the waste gas you breathe out — is one problem in space. Water Walls will remove carbon dioxide the same way it’s done here on Earth — with living plants. Living plants take in carbon dioxide to make their food, and give off oxygen. But plants are hard to grow in a spacecraft. 18 Algae are tiny plants that live in water. The algae will live in bags in the walls too, fed by poop and sunlight, eating up carbon dioxide and making oxygen for the astronauts to breathe. 19 It’s compact(紧密的), efficient, and doesn’t need a lot of fancy machinery that might break down. A mission to Mars will require astronauts to get back to nature. Alas, the human body needs a lot of help to survive in space. If only we were more like the tardigrade! Tardigrades are very tiny insect-like creatures that live in soil. When they find themselves in danger, they roll themselves up into a ball and dry out. In this state they can survive without food or water for 100 years. 20 A. Algae can be a good choice. B. Nothing is wasted in the spacecraft. C. But Flynn thinks he has a solution. D. So a trip to Mars is full of packing challenge. E. If only we could train them to fly a spaceship. F. This onboard recycling system has many advantages. G. The more you take, the more rockets you must launch, and the more it costs. 饮食健康 Passage 1 (高一下·福建福州·期末) Street Eats When it comes to running a restaurant, the three most important factors are location, location, and location! 1 These mobile restaurants can sell food at the busiest corners in a city without paying the high cost of renting a permanent space. They set up early in the morning and sell their food over a tiny counter or through a window. 2 However, mobile food vendors are not a new idea. In fact, they have been around for thousands of years. Nearly two thousand years ago, the streets of Rome were filled with food carts selling all types of meals, from sweets and snacks to hearty dinners. 3 Many did not have ovens, which made preparing a hot meal at home impossible. So instead, ancient Romans bought their food on the street. They ate and socialized with their neighbors, strengthening the community and helping the local economy at the same time. Ancient Greece had food carts too. 4 In Sparta, people ate meals of porridge or soup on the go. Mobile food vendors also have a long history in Southeast Asia. In Indonesia and Malaysia, food sellers of the late nineteenth century carried their mini-restaurants on their, backs! These mini-restaurants were made up of a stove, two stools, and a small table. 5 . The success of mobile food vendors lies in their ability to adapt to the needs of modern society. They provide a fast and convenient dining option for those on the go, while also offering a unique and authentic dining experience. As the world continues to urbanize and become more mobile, it’s likely that mobile food vendors will continue to thrive and evolve. A. That is what makes food carts such a clever idea. B. Food carts could bring vendors handsome incomes. C. Vendors with wooden carts sold fried fish to the people of Athens. D. The people of Rome lived in tiny homes without much space to cook. E. At the end of the day, they are packed up and pulled away by a car or truck. F. Street eats often remind you of the good times you spend with your friends. G. They could be put together and carried here and there in search of customers. Passage 2 (高一下·河南许昌·期末)People have been adding colorings(色素) to their food for thousands of years. This tradition is widely thought to have taken place in Egyptian cities as early as 1500 BC. 6 With time going by, food colorings grew more and more popular. At one point, all food colorings got their colors from natural sources. 7 Insects and rocks were also often used as sources of food colorings. The natural world still remains a common source of many of today’s commercial colorings. Nowadays, scientists have also developed artificial(人造的) food colorings. These colorings have many advantages. For example, in many cases, it’s less expensive to create colors artificially. In addition, with artificial food colorings, people can create especially bright colors or colors hard to find in nature, such as blue. 8 Whether food colorings come naturally or artificially, there are health and safety concerns about them. 9 But they have been removed from the market due to health concerns, and some people thus try to avoid food colorings. However, avoiding food colorings can actually be quite difficult. 10 Many governments around the world limit the types of things that can be used in food colorings. And different countries have different labeling(贴标签) systems for food colorings, which allow people to be clear what food coloring it is. Many countries also make certain rules and laws to deal with adding and creating food colorings illegally. A. All food colorings come from two sources. B. Some food colorings are not good for our health. C. Plants, like flowers, were very common examples. D. Several food colorings were once recognised as safe. E. As a result, artificial food colorings are widely used. F. Measures thus have been taken for food colorings’ safety. G. At that time, candy makers used colorings to improve products’ appearance. Passage 3 (高一下·广东广州·期末)Food is not just something that supports life, but tells us stories about who we are, what we value, and how we establish relationships. 11 . Food and cultural identity are closely tied. The preparation and presentation of the traditional Japanese dishes like sushi are considered an art form. 12 Similarly, the use of spices in Indian cuisine reflects the country’s rich agricultural heritage and diverse regional flavors. Through food, individuals not only nourish their bodies but also nurture a deep connection to their cultural roots, cultivating a sense of identity and belonging. 13 A typical Italian child can name twenty-two different kinds of pasta, while a child in Canada might know three to four different kinds. But it’s not just the vocabulary that matters. 14 When people are asked what comes to mind when thinking of fried eggs, the French say “breakfast” while Americans say “cholesterol(胆固醇)”. The French prize the dining experience whereas Americans lay an emphasis on what is entering the bloodstream. Food consumed by one person alone is not a social food. However, when consumed by a group of people together or eaten in a religious ceremony, it brings people together socially. In human society, food is a means for people to establish relationships between one another. 15 For instance, in the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings to express the relationship between themselves and God. In an increasingly interconnected world shaped by globalization, food not only helps preserve our culture but bridges cultural gaps, promoting understanding and appreciation across borders. A. It offers us different perspectives to know about our culture. B. Tradition is a word frequently referred to in their dictionary. C. This bond can exist among individuals and religious groups. D. A culture’s food vocabulary is also a window into its values. E. They mirror people’s culturally rooted respect for artistic value. F. It enables people to makes friends with each other while dining. G. It is also the attitudes that are transmitted through language about food. Passage 4 (高一下·广东广州·期末)Do you have difficulty falling asleep? Do you find it hard to sleep deeply? 16 Don’t worry, experts have offered you some tips on how to make yourself a sound sleeper. Make a schedule, and stick to it. Melatonin(褪黑素) is a hormone produced by the body to control when you get sleepy and when you wake up. To work well, the release of this hormone needs to occur at regular times. If your bedtime and wake-up time change from day to day or on weekends, your sleep rhythms will be unpredictable and the body won’t know how to respond. 17 Don’t lay in bed awake. The best sleep tip you can ever give somebody is get up — don’t lay in bed awake but not sleeping. 18 Because lying in bed awake can form a link in your brain that can lead to chronic insomnia(慢性失眠). Instead of being a restful spot where you peacefully fall asleep, your bed becomes an anxious place where you toss and turn and wake up tired. 19 Many people view sleeping as the final thing they have to do in a jam-packed day. It is worth postponing to catch up on housework, schoolwork, office work or the latest television series. This thinking needs to be changed. 20 Instead, see your sleep as the amount of time you need to set yourself up for a productive tomorrow. It may sound like a small change in thinking, but it’s an important one. A. Stay positive about sleep. B. For what is that so important? C. Change your attitude towards sleep. D. You may suffer from other sleeping problems. E. So it is necessary to form a good sleeping habit. F. Don’t see your sleep as the amount of time you have left in your day. G. Therefore, it’s important to have a standard wake-up time, even on weekends. Passage 5 (高一下·河北·期末)Here are some steps to help you use the power of meditation(冥想) for better sleep. Choose your focus With many meditation choices, it’s important to determine which works for you. If you’re a music lover, listening to meditation music for sleep can be relaxing. 21 . If you want simplicity, focusing on your own breath can be a practical and useful experience. 22 Your surroundings can greatly influence the quality of your meditation. It’s essential to build an environment that is helpful for relaxation. 23 —this might mean turning off notices on your phone. Dim(暗淡的) lights or candles guide senses to deep peace. Sit or lie comfortably 24 . When the goal is to help you fall into sleep more easily, lying down especially in a supportive bed can be ideal. If you can’t fall asleep quickly or feel comfortable, try sitting up with cushions(垫子) to support you. The main thing is to keep your back straight and avoid putting pressure on any part of your body. Be consistent(始终如一的) The power of meditation shines through with regular practice. As with mastering any skill, consistency is your strong supporter. Start with short parts and gradually extend as you become more comfortable. Whether it’s 5 minutes or 30 minutes, the key is to make it a nightly routine. 25 , making the process more effective gradually. A. Create the right space B. Absorb every de tail of the scene C. The base of a successful meditation is comfort D. Remember, it’s natural for the mind to wander E. Make sure your room is free from troublesome noises F. It helps to calm your mind through a regular pattern of sounds G. Over time, your brain will connect this practice with relaxation and sleep Passage 6 (高一下·江苏扬州·期末)Have you ever heard of “children of the stars”? It might sound mysterious, but the expression refers to children with autism(自闭症). World Autism Awareness Day falls on April 2. 26 Autism is a disorder with signs that appear within the first three years of life. The condition is believed to involve difficulties in social communication as well as limited, repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities. 27 Many children with autism experience epilepsy(癫痫) due to differences in brain activity. Epilepsy among people with autism becomes even more common starting from teen years. At present, the exact cause of autism remains unknown, but research indicates that it is likely a result of a mix of developmental, genetic, and environmental factors. 28 If the first child in a family has autism, the chances of the second child also having autism are about 10 times higher than in families where the first child is not autistic. Although autism is a lifelong condition, there are various ways available to help them. 29 Agreements from others will make them feel proud, enabling them to communicate with others more effectively. For those close to autism sufferers, it’s useful to figure out what is acceptable and what is not. 30 For children with autism, these may benefit them for a lifetime. A. Their parents often feel depressed. B. Children with autism also have physical sufferings. C. They made less eye contact with people compared to other kids. D. It is essential not to view people with autism with a sense of strangeness. E. Older parents are more likely to have autistic children than younger parents. F. They should also have a deep understanding of autism and how to deal with it. G. It was started to raise awareness and promote acceptance of people with autism. Passage 7 (高一下·福建漳州·期末) How to live a longer and healthier life We’re all going to get old — but what if we could live a longer, happier and healthier life? 31 We’ve asked some experts to find out the changes that can have the biggest impact on our health, happiness and longevity. Here are the three areas you can really make difference. Socialising Having friends can be just as important to living longer as giving up smoking. Keep in mind best friends don’t occur overnight. 32 Therefore, putting time to existing relationships is important. Don’t be upset if you don’t find a best friend in a short time. Being patient and not expecting too much too soon can be helpful. What you eat First, don’t eat too much, so you keep a reasonable weight. It’s also important to watch your protein. Don’t eat too much protein, but you should eat more if you’re older to avoid muscle weakness. Another point you need to pay attention to is the intake of salt and sugar, which are mostly found in processed foods. Last, up the plant food. 33 Move your body You need to keep your muscle strength. This means that you can get out of a chair easily. Cross your arms and get out of your chair. 34 If it’s only two or three times, do it every day and see if you can build your muscles up. Regular aerobic(有氧的) exercise is also beneficial. Basically it means anything that increases your heart rate and get your lungs going. For example, when you’re going for a newspaper or walking the dog, go at a proper speed. 35 A. This is where science can help. B. Aerobic exercise is not for all ages. C. See how many times you can do it in 30 seconds. D. That’s looking after your heart and also your brain. E. Five servings of fruit and vegetables a day, if possible. F. Relationships take time and effort to develop and keep. G. Just as we need to be socially active, we need to be physically active. Passage 8 (高一下·福建福州·期末) Scientific Ways to Improve Our Memory If you have trouble in remembering the date or the number, you are not the only one. 36 However, a research study at UCLA in 2006 has shown that there are scientific ways to improve brain functions through simple lifestyle changes. Exercise regularly 37 So put on your trainers, go outside and start working up a good sweat. It’s healthy for both your mind and your body. 38 It’s a well-known fact eating vegetables can help keep your body healthy, and includes your brain. Various research papers state that vegetables can help lower oxidative stress in your brain as well as help retain healthy cognitive functions. Reduce stress levels Research found that intense and persistent stress, especially at high levels, can easily impair our memory and disturb our cognitive skills. 39 You can do this by meditating or taking a walk. Play video games Yes, you heard us. Get on that controller and spend a couple of hours playing your favorite video game. It’s good for your mind, according to a recent study that illustrated how these pastimes can help improve the functioning of various memory-associated regions in the brain. 40 A. Eat your vegetables. B. Try healthy foods. C. Hundreds of students suffer from poor memory. D. Memory is to experience reporting in the mind in the past. E. But don’t go overboard, too much of a good thing can be bad for you. F. So slow down, and ease yourself into taking it down a notch(冷静). G. Research found that leading a sedentary(久坐不动的) lifestyle can lead to memory loss. Passage 9 (高一下·福建南平·期末)It’s hard to be energetic in your daily activities when worries are controlling your thoughts and influencing your work, school, or your home life. 41 In fact, trying to do so often makes your worries stronger. But that doesn’t mean there’s nothing you can do to control worries. 42 Rather than trying to stop an anxious thought, the following are what you can do to help: allow yourself to have it, let it out, and get physically active. Create a worry period. Choose a set time and place for worrying. It should be the same every day and early enough that it won’t make you anxious right before bedtime. During yourworry period, you’re allowed to worry about whatever is on your mind. 43 44 If an anxious thought comes into your head during the day, make a brief note of it. Taking it down is like saying it out, which helps you to reduce worries. Also, writing down your thoughts is much harder work than simply thinking them,so your worries are more likely to lose their power. Get up and get moving. Exercise is a natural and effective treatment against anxiety because it helps relieve stress, promote energy,and improve your sense of well-being(幸福). Even more importantly,by really focusing on how your body feels as you move,you can stop worries running through your head. 45 A. Write down your worries. B. You just need a different method. C. Remind yourself of the unfinished. D. Telling yourself to stop worrying doesn’t work. E. The rest of the day, however, is a worry-free time. F. The more you practice, the more control you’ll start to feel over your worries. G. As you relieve worries this way, you’ll find it easier to build up your confidence. Passage 10 (高一下·福建宁德·期末)Many people think that being healthy is a difficult task that means lots of dieting and time at the gym, but that’s actually not true! 46 Soon, you’ll start to see your healthy life taking shape! Eat at the right times. A good time for a healthy, easy-to-digest evening meal is between 17:00 and 20:00. It’s best to avoid late-night snacks, 47 If you do need that midnight snack, stick to unsalted nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables. Get outside. When you spend time outdoors, the fresh air helps to reduce your stress. Step away from your screens and spend some time in the sun going for a walk, or staying active with a sport. 48 Think positively. 49 A simple positive twist on a situation can turn a setback into an opportunity. Not only will you have more energy for life, but your body can also fight off colds and heart disease better! 50 Getting poor-quality sleep not only makes you easier to get sick, but also increases the time you need to recover from illness. When you sleep well, you can wake up ready to go and be more active all day. A. Get a good night’s rest. B. Create a daily routine. C. so a positive attitude can help you avoid unhealthy habits. D. because they fill you with unnecessary calories and can affect your sleep. E. It’s amazing how much power our minds have over everything in our lives. F. Start a healthier daily habit when it comes to eating, relaxing, being active, and sleeping. G. As an added benefit, the sun helps you get some vitamin D that’s important to your body. Passage 11 (高一下·山东潍坊·期末)Unaided, we can’t do anything without our feet. So why, when our quality of life is directly related to being active, do many of us ignore these two vital parts of our body? 51 In 2021, a study over arise in foot tissues and how poor foot health affects everything from physical activity to the overall health of able-bodied people was conducted. “Foot problems can reduce quality of life, lead to loss of balance, make it difficult to put on shoes and increase the risk of falling,” the authors wrote in the journal Scientific Reports. Meanwhile, a 2017 study, also in Spain, of able-bodied university students confirmed this too. 52 It increased their risk of being socially cutoff. If foot pain limits your activity a and lasts more than a week, says Paul Langer, a sports-medicine podiatrist(足疗医生), it’s time to see a doctor for foot treatment. 53 They’re like the base of the Tower of Pisa. When they’re off, the tower leans (倾斜). Therefore, keeping our foot happy is rather critical. 54 Experts say every move we make creates a chain reaction in our muscles, and joints. The foot is the driver of all movement. 55 If afoot doesn’t work normally, it can drive everything up the chain to be of disfunction, too. The key to a healthy foot is strength and mobility through the hips (臀部). Therefore our feet need help from their friends above to keep them working properly. A. Spanish scientists expressed concern. B. All of this can affect activities of daily living. C. In fact, seeking help from experts is the best way. D. Poor foot health prevented them from being physically active. E. Taking care of your feet sometimes begins elsewhere in your body. F. When the foot hits the ground, everything else in the body changes. G. If the feet aren’t performing properly, they throw everything else off. Passage 12 (高一下·湖北武汉·期末)Flu can be very dangerous although in most people the illness may last only a week or two. Getting a flu vaccine(疫苗) every year is the best way to prevent getting the flu. 56 Recognize flu symptoms(症状). Before you can effectively treat the flu, make sure that’s what you actually have. 57 Common symptoms of flu include serious cough, sore throat, fever above 100°F, headaches, weakness and so on while symptoms of the common cold usually include mild cough, low-grade or no fever as well as slight aches. 58 In some extreme cases, the flu can cause symptoms severe enough to require hospitalization. You need to see a doctor immediately if you are experiencing the following symptoms: shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, chest pain or pressure; blueish skin or purplish lips; severe headache or neck pain. Get some rest. Sometimes it’s possible to keep working or going to school with a cold, but when you have the flu, it’s important to rest. 59 Since the flu may spread by contact, staying home is as considerate as it is necessary for your recovery. Take vitamin C. Vitamin C is essential for health. Studies suggest that a proper amount of vitamin C can help remove cold and flu symptoms. 60 Then take 1000mg three times daily. Do not continue to take too much vitamin C after you feel better. Though it rarely happens, too much of it may get you poisoned. A. Know when to seek emergency medical treatment. B. But if you get the flu, it pays to learn how to treat it. C. Take a few days off to give your body time to recover. D. You can remove the discomfort of fever by using a cool cloth. E. Take 1000mg per hour within five hours when symptoms appear. F. Flu symptoms are similar to cold symptoms, but much more severe. G. Have some orange juice because it is a good source of natural vitamin C. Passage 13 (高一下·湖北武汉·期末)In 1985, 16-year-old Douglas Casa, ran the championship 10,000 meter track race at the Empire State Games. Suddenly, with just 200 meters to go, he collapsed on the final straightaway, with his body temperature at dangerous levels. He had suffered an exertional heat stroke(运动型中暑) or sunstroke. 61 From ancient soldiers on the battlefield to modern warriors on the gridiron(足球球场), exertional heat stroke, has long been a serious concern. And unlike classical heat stroke, which affects people such as babies and the elderly during heat waves, exertional heat stroke is caused by intense exercise in the heat. 62 So how do you diagnose an exertional heat stroke? The main criterion is a core body temperature greater than 40℃ along with signs of central nervous system disfunction such as confused behavior, or loss of consciousness. As far as treatment goes, the most important thing to remember is cool first, transport second. The human body can withstand a core temperature above 40℃ for about 30 minutes before cell damage sets in. 63 After any athletic or protective gear has been removed from the victim, place them in an ice water tub while stirring the water and monitoring vitals continuously. 64 As you wait, it’s important to keep the victim calm while cooling as much surface area as possible until emergency personnel arrive. If medical staff are available on site, cooling should continue until a core temperature of 38.9℃ is reached. 65 As Dr. J Levick wrote of exertional heat stroke in 1859, “It strikes down its victim with his full armor on. Youth, health and strength oppose no obstacle to its power.” But don’t be frightened so much for it has been 100% survivable with proper care. A. Fortunately he survived with immediate treatment. B. When possible seek out places with air-conditioners. C. So it’s necessary to start cooling as quickly as possible. D. But emergency services should be called before you start. E. The sun can also take lives away if people are not careful. F. So far it has been one of the top three killers of athletes in training. G. It is important to keep the body temperature close to its normal temperature. |
