核心总原则
There be表某地存在人/物，be动词由后面名词决定，就近原则；
不可与have/has（所属拥有）混用：存在用there be，拥有用have/has。
一、基础五大时态结构+例句
1.一般现在时（描述当下客观存在）
结构：
- There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点
- There are +复数可数名词+地点
否定：be后加not，some变any；疑问：be提前至句首
例句：
There is a desk in the classroom.
教室里有一张课桌。
There is some water in the bottle.
瓶子里有水。
There are many trees around our school.
我们学校周围有很多树。
There isn’t any milk in the fridge.
冰箱里没有牛奶。
Is there a library in your town？
你们镇上有图书馆吗？
2.一般过去时（过去存在，现在不一定）
结构：There was(单数/不可数) / There were(复数)
例句：
There was a small village here ten years ago.
十年前这里是一个小村庄。
There were lots of birds in the forest last year.
去年森林里有许多鸟儿。
Was there a park near your home before？
以前你家附近有公园吗？
3.现在进行时（无There be doing原生结构，中考正确表达）
There be + sb/sth + doing sth（现在分词作后置定语，表正在进行）
含义：某处有某人/某物正在做某事
例句：
There are some students playing basketball on the playground.
操场上有一些学生正在打篮球。
There is a cat sleeping under the chair.椅子下有一只小猫在睡觉。
4.一般将来时（将来会存在）
两种必考写法：
①There will be +名词（通用，不分单复数）
②There is/are going to be +名词（遵循就近原则）
例句：
There will be a sports meeting next month.
下个月将会举办运动会。
There is going to be a heavy rain tonight.
今晚将会有大雨。
Are there going to be more new buildings here？
这里会修建更多新楼房吗？
5.There used to be 今昔对比结构（中考高频）
含义：过去曾经有，现在已经没有了
肯定：There used to be+名词
否定：There didn’t use to be / There usedn’t to be
疑问：Did there use to be…? / Used there to be…?
例句：
There used to be an old bridge over the river.
这条河上曾经有一座古桥（现已拆除）。
There didn’t use to be so many cars in our street.
我们这条街道以前没有这么多汽车。
Did there use to be a cinema in this town？
这个小镇以前有家电影院吗？
二、推测结构：There must be sb/sth doing sth（九年级必考）
核心用法
must表非常肯定的推测（一定、肯定）；doing作后置定语，强调此刻正在进行。
同义拓展：there may be（也许）、there can’t be（不可能）
例句：
There must be someone knocking at the door.
门外一定有人在敲门。
There must be many people waiting for the bus in the rain.
雨中肯定有不少人在等公交车。
There can’t be him studying now，it’s too late.
现在不可能是他还在学习，太晚了。
三、必考通用规则
1.就近原则：多个名词并列，be只和紧邻名词单复数一致
There is an apple and three oranges on the table.桌上一个苹果三个橙子。
There are three oranges and an apple on the table.桌上三个橙子一个苹果。
2.some/any：肯定句用some，否定、疑问句改为any。
3.易错禁忌：
❌There have/has，
❌There will have，be与have不可连用。
四、甘肃省近几年中考真题（2023-2025省卷+武威）
真题1（2025甘肃全省中考·单选）
Look! There ___ a notebook and three keys on the desk.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案：A
解析：Look！一般现在时；就近原则，紧邻a notebook单数，用is。
真题2（2024甘肃全省中考·情景对话）
—Oh, no! Your brother left his umbrella at home. There ___ heavy rain this afternoon.
—Don’t worry, Mom. I’ll bring it to him.
A. was B. has been C. are D. will be
答案：D
解析：this afternoon表将来，there will be将会有大雨。
真题3（2023甘肃武威+全省中考）
There ___ a big tree behind the shop. You can see many birds in it.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
答案：A
解析：陈述客观事实，一般现在时，主语单数，选is。
真题4（甘肃模拟·used to考点）
There ___ a river in front of my house, but now it’s a garden.
A. is B. was C. used to be D. will be
答案：C
解析：今昔对比，过去有河现在是花园，用used to be。
真题5（推测must 考点）
Listen! There must be some children ___ happily in the yard.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. played
答案：B
解析：there must be sb doing sth固定搭配，现在分词表正在进行。
中考命题总结（甘肃考向）
1.单选最高频：就近原则+时态辨析（现/过/将来）；
2.九年级重点：there used to be今昔对比；there must be doing推测；
3.改错常考：there与have混用、some/any误用。
