1.(2025 年全国二卷阅读 C 篇) Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.
解析：本句为主从复合句。主句核心结构是“Our study showed that...”，that 引导宾语从句，作 showed 的宾语；宾语从句中 “for people who were in plant-rich workplaces” 是后置定语，修饰 sick leave，其中 who 引导定语从句，限定先行词 people，说明是 “处于植物丰富工作环境中的人”。
句意：我们的研究表明，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假减少了 30%。
2.(2025 年全国二卷阅读 C 篇) If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it.
解析：本句为主从复合句。第一个 if 引导条件状语从句，从句中 “who are enjoying...with plants” 是定语从句，限定先行词 people；“of surrounding yourself with plants” 是介词短语作定语，修饰 benefits；主句是祈使句 “don’t beat yourself up”；第二个 if 引导条件状语从句，“doesn’t make it” 表示 “未能存活”。
句意：如果你正属于那类因亲近植物而获得心理和身体健康益处的人，那就算有一株 (或几株) 植物未能存活，也请勿苛责自己。
3.(2025 年全国一卷完形填空) We had decided on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to store our supposedly important objects.
解析：主句核心结构是“We had decided..., donated..., and rented...”，三个过去分词短语并列作谓语；“for the apartment we were moving to in town” 是介词短语作定语，修饰 key items，其中 “we were moving to in town” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 the apartment；“what we could” 是宾语从句，作 donated 的宾语，相当于 “what we could donate”；“to store our supposedly important objects” 是不定式短语作目的状语，修饰 rented。
句意：我们已为即将搬入的镇上公寓选好关键物品，捐出能捐之物，并租了处场地用以存放那些自以为重要的物件。
4.(2025 年 1 月浙江卷阅读七选五) If you’ve ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach, you’ll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it.
解析：if 引导条件状语从句，从句中 “as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach” 是介词短语作状语，列举职业身份；主句核心结构是 “you’ll know that...”，that 引导宾语从句；从句中 “few better ways...than to teach it” 表示比较，强调 “教授是学习新知识的好方法”。
句意：如果你曾经担任过讲师、经理、培训师或教练，你就会知道，学习新知识最好的方法之一就是教授它。
5.(2024 年新课标 I 卷阅读 A 篇) We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection.
解析：主句为“We’ll explore beautiful park sites”，while 引导时间状语从句，从句中省略了主语 we 和 be 动词 are，完整形式为 “while we are conducting...”；“invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection” 是并列名词短语，作 conducting 的宾语。
句意：我们将在探索美丽的公园景点的同时，进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子采集工作。
6.(2024 年新课标 II 卷阅读 C 篇) Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad.
解析：主句核心结构是“having a system...means zero emissions”，“having a system” 是动名词短语作主语；“in the same building where it’s eaten” 是介词短语作定语，修饰 system，其中 where 引导定语从句，指代 building；“from transporting plants from soil to salad” 是介词短语作定语，修饰 zero emissions，说明排放为零的原因。
句意：此外，在同一楼内拥有 (果菜园) 系统意味着免去了蔬菜从农场到餐桌的运输环节，实现了零排放。
7.(2024 年全国甲卷阅读 A 篇) Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials.
解析：主句是祈使句“Join Javier Marin...to learn...”，“from the Harvard Museum of Natural History” 是介词短语作定语，修饰 Javier Marin；“to learn how...” 是不定式短语作目的状语；how 引导宾语从句，从句中 “dance, inspire fashion and create art” 是并列谓语；“while making your own...craft materials” 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，省略了主语 you 和 be 动词 are。
句意：加入哈佛自然历史博物馆的 Javier Marin 的行列，观察昆虫等无脊椎动物如何舞动，从中获得艺术灵感和创造艺术，同时用手工材料制作自己的无脊椎艺术品。
8.(2024 年 1 月浙江卷语法填空) Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home or you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
解析：本句是由“Either...or...” 连接的并列复合句，表示选择关系。第一个分句中 “too heavy to carry home” 是形容词短语作表语，“too...to...” 表示 “太…… 而不能……”；第二个分句中 “what you’ve bought” 是宾语从句，作 use 的宾语；“while it’s still fresh” 是时间状语从句，修饰 can’t use，it 指代 what you’ve bought。
句意：要么你买的东西太重无法带回家，要么你无法在东西还新鲜时使用它们。
9.(2023 年新课标 I 卷阅读 B 篇) When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems.
解析：When 引导时间状语从句，说明主句动作发生的时间；主句核心结构是 “he loved to explore the woods”，“around his house” 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 woods；“observing how nature solved problems” 是现在分词短语作伴随状语，其中 how 引导宾语从句，作 observing 的宾语。
句意：当 John Todd 还是个孩子时，他喜欢探索家周围的树林，观察大自然如何解决问题。
10.(2023 年新课标 II 卷阅读 D 篇) If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
解析：本句是由 but 连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中，if 引导条件状语从句，主句是 there be 句型，“near where you live” 是介词短语作状语，where 引导宾语从句，作 near 的宾语；第二个分句中，it 是形式主语，真正主语是 “to find places...that are relatively wild”，“that are relatively wild” 是定语从句，限定先行词 places。
句意：如果你幸运的话，住所附近可能有袖珍公园 (口袋公园)，但城市里要找到相对原始的地方很不容易。
11.(2023 年全国乙卷阅读七选五) Not only do they look beautiful, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory.
解析：本句是由“Not only...but (also)...” 连接的并列复合句，Not only 位于句首时，第一个分句用部分倒装结构 “do they look beautiful”；第二个分句中，that 引导宾语从句，作 shown 的宾语；“by improving their mood, reducing stress and helping their memory” 是介词短语作方式状语，说明提升幸福感的途径。
句意：它们不仅外观美丽，而且研究表明，它们能通过改善情绪、减缓压力和增强记忆来提升人们的幸福感。
12.(2023 年全国甲卷阅读七选五) So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances.
解析：本句是由 and 连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中，“that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate” 是同位语从句，解释说明 belief 的内容，其中 “we will tolerate” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 the only state；第二个分句中，when 引导时间状语从句，主句是 “we get impatient about the circumstances”。
句意：我们许多人认为舒适是唯一能接受的状态，当我们遇到舒适区之外的事物时，会对环境感到不耐烦。
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