📖 原文
(1) Another early Native American tribe in what is now the southwestern part of the (2) United States was the Anasazi. By A.D. 800 the Anasazi Indians were constructing (3) multistory pueblos - massive, stone apartment compounds. Each one was virtually a (4) stone town, which is why the Spanish would later call them pueblos, the Spanish word (5) for towns. These pueblos represent one of the Anasazis' supreme achievements. At (6) least a dozen large stone houses took shape below the bluffs of Chaco Canyon in (7) northwest New Mexico. They were built with masonry walls more than a meter thick (8) and adjoining apartments to accommodate dozens, even hundreds, of families. The (9) largest, later named Pueblo Bonito (Pretty Town) by the Spanish, rose in five terraced (10) stories, contained more than 800 rooms, and could have housed a population of 1,000 (11) or more. (12) Besides living quarters, each pueblo included one or more kivas - circular under- (13) ground chambers faced with stone. They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders (14) met to plan festivals, perform ritual dances, settle pueblo affairs, and impart tribal lore (15) to the younger generation. Some kivas were enormous. Of the 30 or so at Pueblo (16) Bonito, two measured 20 meters across. They contained niches for ceremonial objects, (17) a central fire pit, and holes in the floor for communicating with the spirits of tribal (18) ancestors. (19) Each pueblo represented an astonishing amount of well-organized labor. Using only (20) stone and wood tools, and without benefit of wheels or draft animals, the builders (21) quarried ton upon ton of sandstone from the canyon walls, cut it into small blocks, (22) hauled the blocks to the construction site, and fitted them together with mud mortar. (23) Roof beams of pine or fir had to be carried from logging areas in the mountain forests (24) many kilometers away. Then, to connect the pueblos and to give access to the (25) surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone (26) staircases for ascending cliff faces. In time, the roads reached out to more than 80 (27) satellite villages within a 60-kilometer radius.
❓ 试题解析
问题 1： What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The Anasazi pueblos
B. Anasazi festivals of New Mexico
C. The organization of the Anasazi tribe
D. The use of Anasazi sanctuaries
✅ 正确答案： A）The Anasazi pueblos
📝 解析： 全文讨论 Anasazi 印第安人的普韦布洛建筑：结构、功能、建设过程、道路系统。
💡 解题技巧： 主旨题看首段主题句（constructing multistory pueblos）。
问题 2： The word “supreme” in line 5 is closest in meaning to
A. most common
B. most outstanding
C. most expensive
D. most convenient
✅ 正确答案： B）most outstanding
📝 解析： “These pueblos represent one of the Anasazis' supreme achievements” — supreme = 最高的/最杰出的。
💡 解题技巧： 词汇题：supreme = highest = most outstanding。
问题 3： The word “They” in line 7 refers to
A. houses
B. bluffs
C. walls
D. families
✅ 正确答案： A）houses
📝 解析： “At least a dozen large stone houses took shape ... They were built with masonry walls” — They 指 houses。
💡 解题技巧： 代词题找前一个名词（houses）。
问题 4： The author mentions that Pueblo Bonito had more than 800 rooms as an example of which of the following?
A. How overcrowded the pueblos could be
B. How many ceremonial areas it contained
C. How much sandstone was needed to build it
D. How big a pueblo could be
✅ 正确答案： D）How big a pueblo could be
📝 解析： Pueblo Bonito 有800多房间，可容纳1000多人，说明普韦布洛的规模之大。
💡 解题技巧： 例证题看例子要说明的规模特征。
问题 5： The word “settle” in line 13 is closest in meaning to
A. sink
B. decide
C. clarify
D. locate
✅ 正确答案： B）decide
📝 解析： “settle pueblo affairs” — settle = 解决/决定。
💡 解题技巧： 词汇题：settle = resolve = decide。
问题 6： It can be inferred from the passage that building a pueblo probably
A. required many workers
B. cost a lot of money
C. involved the use of farm animals
D. relied on sophisticated technology
✅ 正确答案： A）required many workers
📝 解析： “astonishing amount of well-organized labor” — 需要大量劳动力。
💡 解题技巧： 推理题定位“labor”和“quarried ton upon ton”。
问题 7： The word “ascending” in line 23 is closest in meaning to
A. arriving at
B. carving
C. connecting
D. climbing
✅ 正确答案： D）climbing
📝 解析： “stone staircases for ascending cliff faces” — ascending = 攀登/上升。
💡 解题技巧： 词汇题：ascend = climb = go up。
问题 8： It can be inferred from the passage that in addition to pueblos the Anasazis were skilled at building which of the following?
A. Roads
B. Barns
C. Monuments
D. Water systems
✅ 正确答案： A）Roads
📝 解析： “the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases” — 他们也修建了道路系统。
💡 解题技巧： 推理题定位“public roads”。
问题 9： The pueblos are considered one of the Anasazis' supreme achievements for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that they were
A. very large
B. located in forests
C. built with simple tools
D. connected in a systematic way
✅ 正确答案： B）located in forests
📝 解析： 普韦布洛建在峡谷悬崖下，不在森林中；文中提到木材从山林运来。
💡 解题技巧： “EXCEPT”题逐项核对文中提到的成就特征。
🌐 中文翻译
在美国西南部地区的另一个早期美洲原住民部落是阿纳萨齐人。到公元800年，阿纳萨齐印第安人正在建造多层普韦布洛——巨大的石头公寓综合体。每一个实际上都是一个石头城镇，这就是为什么西班牙人后来称它们为普韦布洛——西班牙语中“城镇”的意思。这些普韦布洛代表了阿纳萨齐人最伟大的成就之一。至少十几座大型石头房屋在新墨西哥州西北部查科峡谷的悬崖下建成。它们用超过一米厚的石墙建造，并有相邻的公寓来容纳几十甚至几百个家庭。最大的一座后来被西班牙人命名为 Pueblo Bonito（美丽城镇），有五层梯田式楼层，包含800多个房间，可容纳1000或更多人居住。 除了居住区，每个普韦布洛还包括一个或多个 kivas——圆形的地下石室。它们作为 sanctuary，长老们在那里聚会计划节日、表演仪式舞蹈、解决普韦布洛事务，并将部落知识传授给年轻一代。有些 kivas 非常巨大。在 Pueblo Bonito 大约30个 kivas 中，有两个直径达20米。它们包含用于仪式物品的壁龛、一个中央火坑，以及地板上用于与部落祖先灵魂沟通的洞。 每个普韦布洛都代表了数量惊人、组织良好的劳动。仅仅使用石头和木制工具，没有轮子或役畜的帮助，建造者从峡谷壁上开采了成吨成吨的砂岩，将其切割成小块，将石块运到建筑工地，并用泥浆砂浆将它们砌合在一起。松树或冷杉的屋顶梁必须从许多公里外山林中的伐木区运来。然后，为了连接普韦布洛并提供通往周围高地的通道，建筑师们设计了一个公共道路系统，并配有用于攀登悬崖面的石阶。后来，这些道路延伸到了方圆60公里内的80多个卫星村庄。
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