401. each other —— 互相
① The two girls are getting on very well and share ______ with each other. (2008·安徽卷)
② —Could we see ______ at 3 o’clock this afternoon? —Sorry, let‘s make it another time. (2008·重庆卷)
答案：① much；② each other
402. be eager to do —— 渴望做某事；be eager for —— 渴望得到某物
① I ______ to go to college because I know there is so much to learn about the world and about human beings. (短文改错·真题)
② When Jenny was a child, she ______ her parents’ approval. (语法填空·真题)
答案：① am eager；② was eager for
403. be all ears —— 洗耳恭听
① —The final examination is around the corner. I couldn’t go out and play football with you. —Come on. ______. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. (情景对话·真题)
A. Be all earsB. It‘s a piece of cakeC. Don’t be a wet blanketD. Don‘t pull my leg
答案：① C
404. earn a living / earn one’s living—— 谋生，维持生计
① His parents ______ the living by farming. (短文改错·真题)
② Nowadays some young people ______ a living by working as freelancers online.
答案：① earn；② earn
405. in earnest —— 认真地，热切地
① He didn‘t know much English, so he had to read Shakespeare’s plays in ______. A. translationB. originalC. earnestD. name
答案：① A
406. on earth —— 究竟
① No scientists can exactly figure out what ______ happened at that time, which caused the extinction of the dinosaurs.
A. on earth; on the earthB. on the earth; on earthC. on earth; on earthD. on the earth; on the earth
答案：① C
407. put sb at ease —— 使某人放松/自在
① Learning that their only son was sound and safe ______ the family ______.
A. put; at easeB. made; easyC. set; easilyD. laid; at ease
答案：① A
408. take it easy —— 放松，别紧张
① —I feel so nervous about the final exam. —______. Believe in yourself, you‘re well prepared. (情景交际·真题)
A. Take it easyB. No hurryC. I think soD. No problem
答案：① A
409. get/receive an education —— 接受教育
① To ______, one must work hard.
A. working hard is very importantB. working hard is neededC. one must work hardD. it is needed to work hard
答案：① C
410. have an effect on —— 对某事物有效果/有影响
① The news didn’t ______ him at all. It seemed that he had known it before. (语法填空·真题)
② The film had quite an ______ on her. She was moved to tears. (语法填空·真题)
答案：① affect；② effect
411. make efforts to do —— 努力去做某事搭配： a joint effort
① I‘m ______ to finish this year’s plan ahead of schedule. (选词填空·真题)
② Chinese government had made full preparations before they ______ the election. (真题改编)
③ Artists ______ ways to apply a new form to architecture and the decorative arts. (选择题·真题)
答案：① making efforts；② ran for；③ made efforts to
412. run for election —— 参加竞选
① Two months ago, when our class ______ started, I decided to ______ class president. (真题改编)
答案：① election；run for
413. lay/place/put emphasis on —— 强调
① The English teacher laid particular ______ the need of reading aloud.
A. stress onB. focus onC. intention onD. impression on
答案：① A
414. employ sb as —— 雇佣某人为；employ sb to do —— 雇佣某人去做某事
① George could not speak Italian so he ______ an Italian girl to work as an interpreter. (2018·全国卷)
答案：① hired
415. enable sb to do —— 使某人能够做某事
① The new opportunity ______ him to travel around the world and broaden his horizons. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案：① enabled
416. encourage sb to do —— 鼓励某人去做某事
① Parents and teachers always ______ us to pursue our dreams bravely. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案：① encourage
417. at the end of —— 在……的结尾；in the end —— 最后
① ______ the story, the hero found the treasure he had been seeking for years. (2018·浙江卷)
② He tried many different jobs, and ______ he became a successful writer. (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)
答案：① At the end of；② in the end
418. enjoy doing —— 喜欢做某事
① I really ______ reading novels in my spare time. It helps me relax. (2019·天津卷)
答案：① enjoy
419. be enthusiastic about —— 对某事物有激情
① The young volunteers are very ______ environmental protection and often organize cleaning activities. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案：① enthusiastic about
420. be equal to —— 与某事物平等/相等
① Women should ______ men in terms of job opportunities and salary. (2018·江苏卷)
421. equip … with … —— 用……来装备……
① Schools should ______ students ______ the skills they need for future careers. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
答案：① equip；with
422. even if/though —— 即使
① ______ he was tired, he kept on working until the project was finished. (2017·北京卷)
答案：① Even if
423. for example —— 例如
① Many countries, ______, China and India, have made great progress in space exploration. (2016·浙江卷)
答案：① for example
424. exchange ideas —— 交流想法
搭配：exchange ideas；exchange A for B；in exchange for
① The students gathered together to ______ during the seminar. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
② He gave me his old guitar ______ my bike. (2019·江苏卷)
答案：① exchange ideas；② in exchange for
425. excuse sb for doing —— 原谅某人做某事
① Please ______ me ______ being late. I got stuck in traffic. (2020·天津卷)
答案：① excuse；for
426. do/take exercise —— 做锻炼
① Doctors suggest that we should ______ at least thirty minutes every day. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案：① do/take exercise
427. at the expense of —— 以……为代价搭配： spare no expense to do
① He achieved great success ______ his health. (2017·江苏卷)
② The company ______ to provide the best service for its customers. (2019·天津卷)
答案：① at the expense of；② spared no expense
428. carry out/perform/do/conduct an experiment —— 做实验
搭配：carry out an experiment
① The scientists are ______ an experiment to test the new drug’s effectiveness. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案：① carrying out
429. face to face —— 面对面
搭配：face to face；be faced with；face up to
① They sat ______ and talked about their problems. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)
② We are ______ a difficult situation, but we won’t give up. (2018·北京卷)
答案：① face to face；② faced with
430. in fact / as a matter of fact —— 事实上
① ______, I landed in Britain by accident. (短文改错·真题)
答案：① As a matter of fact
431. fail to do —— 未能做某事
搭配：fail to do；fail (in) sth
① He ______ to pass the driving test because of his carelessness. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案：① failed
432. be familiar with sth —— 熟悉某事物搭配： be familiar to sb
① I am not ______ this part of the city. Could you show me the way? (2017·北京卷)
② The singer’s voice ______ all the music fans. (2018·天津卷)
答案：① familiar with；② is familiar to
433. be famous for/as —— 因为……而出名/作为……而出名
① Hangzhou is ______ the West Lake. (2016·浙江卷)
② Mo Yan is ______ a writer. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
答案：① famous for；② famous as
434. decide —— 决定搭配：decide to do；decide on/upon sth
① They ______ move to London. (2016·浙江卷)
② Have you ______ a date for the meeting? (2019·江苏卷)
答案：① decided to；② decided on
435. decision —— 决定搭配：make/reach/come to a decision
① After hours of discussion, they finally ______. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案：① reached a decision
436. declare —— 宣布搭配：declare war (on sb/sth)
① The country ______ its neighbor. (2020·天津卷)
答案：① declared war on
437. decline —— 下降；谢绝
搭配：rapid/sharp/dramatic decline；in decline；decline an invitation
① The economy is experiencing a ______. (2017·北京卷)
② The population of the species is ______. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
③ She ______ to the party because she was busy. (2018·江苏卷)
答案：① sharp decline；② in decline；③ declined an invitation
438. decorate —— 装饰搭配：decorate sth with sth
① They ______ the room ______ balloons and ribbons. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案：① decorated；with
439. deed —— 行为搭配：good deeds
① He is known for his ______. (2020·浙江卷)
答案：① good deeds
440. defend —— 保卫搭配：defend sth against/from sth
① The army defended the town ______ the enemy. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案：① against
441. define —— 定义
搭配：define…as…
① Happiness can be ______ a state of well-being. (2019·天津卷)
答案：① defined as
442. degree —— 程度搭配：to a/some degree
① ______, his words are true. (2017·江苏卷)
答案：① To a degree
443. delay —— 推迟；延误搭配：delay doing；without delay
① He admitted ______ paying the bill. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
② Please send the letter ______. (2016·浙江卷)
答案：① delaying；② without delay
444. delight —— 使高兴；高兴
搭配：delight sb with sth；take delight in (doing) sth；to sb’s delight
① The magician ______ the children ______ his tricks. (2018·北京卷)
② She ______ helping others. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
③ ______, his son passed the exam. (2017·天津卷)
答案：① delighted；with；② takes delight in；③ To his delight
445. deliver —— 递送；发表搭配：deliver sth to sb；deliver a speech/lecture
① Please ______ this package ______ Mr. Smith. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
② The president will ______ at the conference. (2016·浙江卷)
答案：① deliver；to；② deliver a speech
446. demand —— 需求；要求
搭配：the demand for sth；in demand；demand to do；demand sth of sb
① There is a growing ______ organic food. (2019·江苏卷)
② Skilled workers are always ______. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
③ The protesters ______ stop the construction. (2017·北京卷)
④ The teacher ______ silence ______ the students. (2020·天津卷)
答案：① demand for；② in demand；③ demanded to；④ demanded；of
447. demanding —— 要求高的
搭配：a demanding job
① Being a surgeon is ______. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案：① a demanding job
448. deny —— 否认搭配：deny doing sth；There’s no denying that…
① He ______ stealing the money. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
② ______ she is very talented. (2019·浙江卷)
答案：① denied；② There‘s no denying that
449. department —— 部门
搭配：department store
① We went shopping at the ______. (2018·北京卷)
答案：① department store
450. depend —— 依赖搭配：depend on/upon sb for sth；depend on/upon sb to do sth
① Children depend on their parents ______ food and shelter. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
② You can depend on him ______ help you. (2019·天津卷)
答案：① for；② to
451. dependent —— 依赖的搭配：be dependent on/upon sb
① Young people should not be ______ their parents for too long. (2016·浙江卷)
答案：① dependent on
452. describe —— 描述搭配：describe sb as；describe sb/sth to sb；describe doing sth
① He ______ her ______ his best friend. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
② Can you ______ your house ______ me? (2018·北京卷)
③ The witness described ______ the crime. (2017·江苏卷)
答案：① described；as；② describe；to；③ seeing
453. description —— 描述搭配：give a description of；beyond description
① She ______ the beautiful scenery. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
② The beauty of the sunset was ______. (2016·浙江卷)
答案：① gave a description of；② beyond description
454. deserve —— 应得；值得
搭配：deserve to do；deserve sth；deserve doing
① You ______ win the prize for your hard work. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
② The reckless driver ______ punishment. (2017·北京卷)
③ The old building ______ repairing. (2020·天津卷)
答案：① deserve to；② deserves；③ deserves
455. design —— 设计搭配：be designed for
① This app ______ children. (2019·江苏卷)
答案：① is designed for
456. desire —— 渴望
搭配：desire to do；desire for sth；burning desire
① She ______ travel around the world. (2016·浙江卷)
② His ______ success drove him to work hard. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
③ He had a ______ to become famous. (2020·北京卷)
答案：① desires to；② desire for；③ burning desire
457. despair —— 绝望搭配：in despair
① He left the room ______ after hearing the bad news. (2017·天津卷)
答案：① in despair
458. desperate —— 绝望的；极度渴望的
搭配：be desperate for；be desperate to do
① The homeless man is ______ a warm meal. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
② She was ______ find a job. (2018·江苏卷)
答案：① desperate for；② desperate to
459. destination —— 目的地搭配：holiday/tourist destination
① Paris is a popular ______. (2019·浙江卷)
答案：① tourist destination
460. destroy —— 破坏搭配：destroy sb’s hope/confidence
① The failure ______ his ______ of becoming a champion. (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案：① destroyed；hope
461. destruction —— 破坏
搭配：weapons of mass destruction；environmental destruction
① The treaty bans ______. (2018·北京卷)
② Human activities have caused serious ______. (2020·天津卷)
答案：① weapons of mass destruction；② environmental destruction
462. detail —— 细节搭配：in detail
① Please explain the plan ______. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
答案：① in detail
463. detective —— 侦探搭配：a detective story
① I enjoy reading ______. (2019·江苏卷)
答案：① detective stories
464. determine —— 决定搭配：be determined to do；determine to do
① She ______ succeed no matter what. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
② They ______ leave at dawn. (2018·浙江卷)
答案：① is determined to；② determined to
465. development —— 发展搭配：professional development
① The company offers opportunities for ______. (2016·北京卷)
答案：① professional development
466. devote —— 奉献搭配：devote…to…
① She ______ her life ______ helping the poor. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案：① devoted；to
467. dictionary —— 词典搭配：look up a new word in the dictionary
① If you don‘t know the meaning, ______ in ______. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案：① look it up；the dictionary
468. die —— 死
搭配：die of/from；die a natural death；be dying to do/for
① He ______ a heart attack. (2017·北京卷)
② The old man ______ in his sleep. (2020·天津卷)
③ I’m ______ know the result. (2016·浙江卷)
答案：① died of；② died a natural death；③ dying to
469. diet —— 日常饮食；节食搭配：go/be on a diet
① She is ______ lose weight. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
答案：① on a diet to
470. differ —— 不同搭配：differ from…in…
① His opinion ______ mine ______ many ways. (2018·江苏卷)
答案：① differs from；in
471. difference —— 差异搭配：small difference；make a difference
① There is only a ______ between the two colors. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
② Your encouragement can ______ to a child. (2017·天津卷)
答案：① small difference；② make a difference
472. different —— 不同的搭配：be different from
① Life in the city is ______ that in the countryside. (2016·浙江卷)
答案：① different from
473. difficulty —— 困难搭配：have difficulty (in) doing；in difficulty
① He ______ understanding the accent. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
② The company is now ______. (2018·北京卷)
答案：① has difficulty；② in difficulty
474. dignity —— 尊严搭配：with dignity
① He accepted the award ______. (2020·天津卷)
答案：① with dignity
475. direction —— 方向搭配：in the direction of；in the opposite direction
① They walked ______ the river. (2017·江苏卷)
② The car swerved and went ______. (2019·浙江卷)
答案：① in the direction of；② in the opposite direction
476. disappointment —— 失望搭配：to sb’s disappointment
① ______, the concert was cancelled. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
答案：① To my disappointment
477. disapprove —— 不赞成搭配：disapprove of sth
① His parents ______ his choice of career. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案：① disapprove of
478. disaster —— 灾难搭配：natural disaster
① The earthquake was a terrible ______. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案：① natural disaster
479. discourage —— 阻止；使气馁搭配：discourage sb from doing
① His parents tried to ______ him ______ dropping out of school. (2019·天津卷)
答案：① discourage；from
480. discuss —— 讨论搭配：discuss sth with sb
① I need to ______ the plan ______ my partners. (2017·北京卷)
答案：① discuss；with
481. discussion —— 讨论搭配：under discussion
① The proposal is currently ______. (2018·江苏卷)
答案：① under discussion
482. disease —— 疾病搭配：suffer from a disease
① He ______ a rare skin ______. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案：① suffers from；disease
483. dismiss —— 解雇；驳回
搭配：dismiss sb from sth；dismiss sb for sth
① The boss ______ him ______ his job. (2016·浙江卷)
② She was ______ stealing. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
答案：① dismissed；from；② dismissed for
484. disorder —— 混乱；失调搭配：mental disorder；in disorder
① The patient suffers from a ______. (2018·北京卷)
② The books were left ______. (2017·天津卷)
答案：① mental disorder；② in disorder
485. display —— 展示搭配：on display
① The artworks are ______ at the museum. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案：① on display
486. distance —— 距离
搭配：in the distance；at a distance；within walking distance
① We saw a light ______. (2019·江苏卷)
② The hills can be seen ______. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
③ The hotel is ______ of the station. (2016·浙江卷)
答案：① in the distance；② at a distance；③ within walking distance
487. divide —— 划分搭配：divide…into…
① The teacher ______ the class ______ four groups. (2017·北京卷)
答案：① divided；into
488. do —— 做搭配：have something/nothing to do with；do with
① His job has ______ education. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
② What did you ______ the old books? (2019·天津卷)
答案：① something to do with；② do with
489. domestic —— 国内的；家养的搭配：domestic animals
① Dogs and cats are common ______. (2018·江苏卷)
答案：① domestic animals
490. donate —— 捐赠搭配：donate sth to sb
① He ______ his fortune ______ the charity. (2016·浙江卷)
答案：① donated；to
491. doubt —— 怀疑
搭配：no doubt；there is no doubt that…；without doubt
① ______, he is the best candidate. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
② ______ smoking damages health. (2017·北京卷)
③ She is ______ the most talented singer. (2018·天津卷)
答案：① No doubt；② There is no doubt that；③ without doubt
492. down —— 向下；生病搭配：be down with
① She is ______ the flu. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案：① down with
493. dozen —— 一打
搭配：by the dozen；three dozen；dozens of；six of one and half a dozen of the other
① Eggs are sold ______. (2019·江苏卷)
② He bought ______ eggs. (2018·浙江卷)
③ ______ people attended the concert. (2017·北京卷)
④ Both options are equally bad; it’s ______. (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)
答案：① by the dozen；② three dozen；③ Dozens of；④ six of one and half a dozen of the other
494. dream —— 梦想
搭配：realize a dream；a dream came true；dream of
① He finally ______ his ______ of becoming an actor. (2020·天津卷)
② After years of hard work, his ______. (2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
③ She ______ traveling to space. (2019·浙江卷)
答案：① realized；dream；② dream came true；③ dreams of
495. dress —— 穿衣搭配：dress sb in sth；be dressed in；dress up
① The mother ______ her daughter ______ a pink dress. (2016·浙江卷)
② The bride ______ white. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)
③ They ______ for the party. (2017·北京卷)
答案：① dressed；in；② was dressed in；③ dressed up
496. drop —— 掉落；顺便拜访
搭配：drop in on sb；drop in at sp
① I’ll ______ you when I‘m in town. (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
② We ______ the bookstore on our way home. (2018·江苏卷)
答案：① drop in on；② dropped in at
497. due —— 到期的；由于
搭配：due to
① The game was cancelled ______ heavy rain. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
答案：① due to
498. dusk —— 黄昏搭配：at dusk
① The street lights come on ______. (2017·天津卷)
答案：① at dusk
499. duty —— 责任搭配：a sense of duty；it’s sb‘s duty to do
① He has a strong ______ to his family. (2018·北京卷)
② ______ protect the environment. (2020·浙江卷)
答案：① sense of duty；② It’s our duty to
500. dynasty —— 王朝搭配：the Qing Dynasty
① ______ was the last imperial dynasty of China. (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)
答案：① The Qing Dynasty
