【收藏备用】高考英语真题中的112个超高频词根词缀拓展词大汇总

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【收藏备用】高考英语真题中的112个超高频词根词缀拓展词大汇总

一、高频前缀:

  1. dis-(否定)

    • disable, disagree, disapprove, disappear, discomfort, disconnect, disorder, distrust, dissatisfy
    • 短语
      :dispose of(处理), distinguish...from(区分)
  2. un-(否定)

    • unlock, unfold, uncover, undoubted, unload, unpredictable, unconscious, unplug
    • 短语
      :take off(起飞;脱下), give up(放弃)
  3. re-(重复/返回)

    • rewrite, revisit, rebuild, reconsider, reactivate, reverse, restore, reassure
    • 短语
      :rely on(依赖), recover from(恢复)
  4. mis-(错误)

    • misjudge, misplace, misprint, misuse, misbehave, misinform
    • 短语
      :miss out on(错过)
  5. over-(过度)

    • overload, overreact, oversleep, overcharge, overprotect
    • 短语
      :look over(检查), take over(接管)
  6. under-(不足)

    • underestimate, underdeveloped, underpaid, underline
    • 短语
      :go under(破产)
  7. pre-(之前)

    • predict, preview, precaution, preschool, preheat
    • 短语
      :prepare for(准备)
  8. post-(之后)

    • postpone, postgraduate, postwar, postscript
    • 短语
      :put off(推迟)

二、高频后缀:

  1. -able/-ible(可…的)

    • reliable, affordable, accessible, compatible, reversible
    • 短语
      :capable of(能够)
  2. -tion/-sion(名词)

    • determination, admission, conclusion, pollution, occupation
    • 短语
      :pay attention to(注意)
  3. -ment(名词)

    • improvement, equipment, agreement, settlement
    • 短语
      :make a commitment(承诺)
  4. -ful(充满)

    • powerful, cheerful, skillful, respectful
    • 短语
      :full of(充满)
  5. -less(无)

    • careless, fearless, useless, breathless
    • 短语
      :out of breath(喘不过气)
  6. -ify/-ize(使…化)

    • simplify, terrify, modernize, recognize
    • 短语
      :realize one's dream(实现梦想)
  7. -ence/-ance(名词)

    • confidence, importance, appearance, tolerance
    • 短语
      :make a difference(有影响)
  8. -al(形容词/名词)

    • natural, cultural, survival, approval
    • 短语
      :take part in(参加)

三、核心词根:

  1. spect(看)

    • spectator, prospect, aspect, suspect
    • 短语
      :inspect the damage(检查损坏)
  2. struct(建造)

    • structure, instruct, reconstruct, obstruct
    • 短语
      :under construction(建设中)
  3. ject(投掷)

    • eject, object, subject, deject
    • 短语
      :object to(反对)
  4. port(携带)

    • import, support, report, passport
    • 短语
      :transport goods(运输货物)
  5. bio(生命)

    • biography, biodegradable, biochemistry
    • 短语
      :biological clock(生物钟)
  6. dict(说)

    • predict, verdict, indicate, contradict
    • 短语
      :addict to(沉迷)
  7. graph(写/画)

    • photograph, autobiography, geography
    • 短语
      :graphic design(平面设计)
  8. phon(声音)

    • microphone, symphony, telephone
    • 短语
      :make a phone call(打电话)
  9. therm(热)

    • thermometer, thermal, thermostat
    • 短语
      :body temperature(体温)
  10. hydr(水)

    • hydrogen, hydrate, dehydrate
    • 短语
      :hydroelectric power(水力发电)
    • 四、高频短语
  1. take into account
    (考虑)
    • 词根:count(计算)→ 计算在内
  2. put forward
    (提出)
    • 前缀:for-(向前)→ 向前放置
  3. carry out
    (执行)
    • 后缀:-y(动作)→ 实施动作
  4. break down
    (崩溃;分解)
    • 词根:break(打破)→ 打破成碎片
  5. look forward to
    (期待)
    • 前缀:for-(向前)→ 向前看
  6. run out of
    (耗尽)
    • 词根:run(跑)→ 资源“跑”完
  7. give rise to
    (引起)
    • 词根:rise(升起)→ 导致某事物出现
  8. in charge of
    (负责)
    • 词根:charge(装载)→ 承担责任
  9. catch up with
    (赶上)
    • 前缀:up(向上)→ 追赶至同一水平
  10. turn out to be
    (结果是)
    • 词根:turn(转变)→ 最终成为某种状态

五、复合词与转化词:

  1. greenhouse
    (温室)→ green(绿) + house(房子)
  2. overcome
    (克服)→ over(超越) + come(来)
  3. understand
    (理解)→ under(在…下) + stand(站立)
  4. breakthrough
    (突破)→ break(打破) + through(穿过)
  5. feedback
    (反馈)→ feed(喂养) + back(返回)
  6. whitewash
    (粉刷)→ white(白) + wash(洗刷)
  7. 名词→动词转化
    water(水→浇水), ship(船→运输)
  8. 形容词→动词转化
    empty(空的→倒空), slow(慢的→减速)

六、真题实战技巧

  1. 长难词拆分

    • unavoidable
       = un-(不) + avoid(避免) + -able(可…的)
    • irreplaceable
       = ir-(不) + replace(替代) + -able
  2. 结合语境选词

    • 若选项含 -less(如careless),优先考虑“缺乏”类语义。
    • 含 -ful(如grateful)多表积极含义。

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