考研
英语
【长难句每日打卡】day 81
2012-2-ReadingPartA-T4-1-1
文章主题：《美国陪审团遴选程序的发展》
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.
词汇：
1.jury system 陪审团制度
2.concrete adj.具体的、明确的
3.expression n.表现、表达 a concrete expression of sth某物的具体体现
4.crucial adj.至关重要的、决定性的、关键的
5.democratic adj.民主的
6.minimal adj.最小的、最低限度的
7.qualification n.资历、资格
8.lieracy n.识字、有文化
9.competent adj.有能力的、能胜任的be competent to do sth有能力或有资格做某事
10.serve on v.在...任职 serve on juries在陪审团任职
11.juror n.陪审员
12.random adj.随机的
13.representative n.代表
14.section n.（较大群体或区域的）部门、区域
15.community n.社区、社会
16.deny v.拒绝给予或授予
17.on account of 由于、基于
18.race n.种族
19.origin n.出身
20.defendant n.被告人
21.entitle v.使某人具有资格、给予某人权利be entitled to (do) sth有权利做某事
22.trial n.审判、审理
23.peer n.同等地位的人（年龄、能力、资历、背景和社会地位等）
24.verdict n.（陪审团的）裁决、裁定
25.represent v.代表、象征
26.conscience n.良知、良心
27.letter n.字面意义
【Step 1】找谓语
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.
·动词 regard 时态：一般现在时
·动词 meet 时态：一般现在时
·形容词短语 are competent to 时态：一般现在时
·动词 should be selected 情态+语态：被动语态
·动词 should be denied 情态+语态：被动语态
·形容词短语 are entitled to 时态：一般现在时
·动词 should represent 情态
【Step 2】断句
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles [that all citizens <who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy> are equally competent to serve on juries]; [that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community]; [that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin]; [that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers]; [and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law].
解析：本句包含6个从句：1个who引导的定语从句；5个that引导的同位语从句<由and连接，则成分相同>。
who引导的定语从句：
all citizens<who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy>
判断方法：1.位置：在表示人的名词|代词后<who指代名词all citizens在从句中作谓语动词meet的主语>。
that引导的同位语从句：
the principles [that all citizens <...> are equally competent to serve on juries]; [that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community]; [that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin]; [that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers]; [and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law].
判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.结构：从句完整——即5个同位语从句都是对名词principles的具体说明，说明“原则”有哪些。
重点成分标注：
主语：在句首|谓语前
宾语：在动词|介词后
表语：在系动词后
主语：蓝色；谓语：红色；表语：绿色；宾语：紫色；宾补：深蓝
主句：
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles
其中，
1.of crucial democratic values——介宾结构作后置定语修饰名词expression；
2.including the principles——可理解为非谓语短语作后置定语修饰名词短语the jury system，具体解释说明陪审团制度包含哪些原则。
who引导的定语从句：
<who meet minimal qualifications of age andliteracy>
其中，
1.of age and literacy——介宾结构作后置定语修饰名词qualifications；
that引导的同位语从句1：
[that all citizens <...> are equally competent to serve on juries];
其中，
1.equally——副词作状语修饰形容词competent。
that引导的同位语从句2：
[that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community];
其中，
1.randomly——副词作状语修饰动词selected；
2.from a representative——介宾结构作状语，具体说明“从...中”选择；
3.cross section of the community——介宾结构作后置定语修饰名词representative【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.代入翻译通顺即可，即译为“...的”<社会各部门的代表>】；
that引导的同位语从句3：
[that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin];
其中，
1.本句核心主干是主谓双宾结构：deny sb sth拒绝给予某人某物；
2.to serve on a jury——非谓语短语作后置定语修饰名词the right【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.代入翻译通顺即可，即译为“...的”<在陪审团任职的权利>】；
3.on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin——介宾结构作原因状语。
that引导的同位语从句4：
[that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers];
其中，
1. by their peers——介宾结构作后置定语修饰名词trial【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.代入翻译通顺即可，即译为“...的”<由同等地位的人进行的审判>】；
that引导的同位语从句5：
[and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law].
其中，
1.根据and not just可知，the conscience of the community和the letter of the law是并列关系；
此处还涉及并列的省略现象，在并列结构中常常省略相同内容，此处省略的是represent，补全应为and not just represent the letter of the law；
1.of the community——介宾结构作后置定语修饰名词the conscience;
2.of the law——介宾结构作后置定语修饰名词the letter。
【Step 3】翻译
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles [that all citizens <who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy> are equally competent to serve on juries]; [that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community]; [that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin]; [that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers]; [and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law].
主句：
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles...
that引导的同位语从句1：
[that all citizens <who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy> are equally competent to serve on juries];
翻译：所有满足最低年龄和文化要求的公民都可以平等地具备在陪审团任职的资格。
翻译解释：定语从句虽词数大于8个词，但前置也没有搞得句子复杂难懂，因此采取前置译法，即译为“...的”。
that引导的同位语从句2：
[that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community];
翻译：陪审团成员应从社会各部门代表中随机被选取。
改译：陪审团成员应从社会各部门代表中随机选取。
翻译解释：
1.此句涉及被动的翻译，这里采取的翻译方法是“直接删掉‘被’字”<被动的英译汉原则：尽量不用“被”字>；
2.此句还涉及状语的翻译，状语的翻译根据我们的表达习惯灵活调整即可，此处将其置于主谓之间。
that引导的同位语从句3：
[that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin];
翻译：公民不得因种族、宗教、性别或国家出身被否决在陪审团任职的权利。
改译：不得因种族、宗教、性别和民族出身剥夺任何公民在陪审团任职的权利。
翻译解释：
1.此句涉及被动的翻译，此处采取的翻译方法是“把被动转为主动”；
2.此句涉及状语的翻译，依然根据我们的表达习惯灵活调整即可，汉语常常“先说废话<状语就是废话>，再说重点”，所以将其前置。
that引导的同位语从句4：
[that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers];
翻译：被告人有权利接受其同等地位的人对其的审判。
that引导的同位语从句5：
[and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law].
【Step 4】整合译文
【Step 5】润色译文
Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles [that all citizens <who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy> are equally competent to serve on juries]; [that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community]; [that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin]; [that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers]; [and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law].
许多美国人把陪审团制度看作是关键民主价值观的具体表现，该制度包括以下原则：所有满足最低年龄和文化要求的公民都具备同等资格担任陪审员；陪审员应从社会各部门代表中随机挑选；不得因种族、宗教、性别和民族出身剥夺任何公民在陪审团任职的权利；被告人有权利接受由同等地位的人进行的审判；审判结果应该代表社会良知，而不仅仅代表法律条文的字面意义。
翻译解释：
1.verdicts——将其由“裁决”改为“审判结果”，以此与上文形成呼应。
恭喜大家 学完本句 抱歉 今天给大家拉了一坨大的
1.jury system 陪审团制度
2.concrete adj.具体的、明确的
3.expression n.表现、表达
4.crucial adj.至关重要的、决定性的、关键的
5.democratic adj.民主的
6.minimal adj.最小的、最低限度的
7.qualification n.资历、资格
8.lieracy n.识字、有文化
9.competent adj.有能力的、能胜任的
10.serve on v.在...任职 serve on juries在陪审团任职
11.juror n.陪审员
12.random adj.随机的
13.representative n.代表
14.section n.（较大群体或区域的）部门、区域
15.community n.社区、社会
16.deny v.拒绝给予或授予
17.on account of 由于、基于
18.race n.种族
19.origin n.出身
20.defendant n.被告人
21.entitle v.使某人具有资格、给予某人权利
22.trial n.审判、审理
23.peer n.同等地位的人（年龄、能力、资历、背景和社会地位等）
24.verdict n.（陪审团的）裁决、裁定
25.represent v.代表、象征
26.conscience n.良知、良心
27.letter n.字面意义
1.jury system 陪审团制度
2.a concrete expression of sth某物的具体体现
3.be competent to do sth有能力或有资格做某事
4.be entitled to (do) sth有权利做某事
5.the conscience of the community 社会良知
END
评论区留言或私信晒出你的学习笔记or提出疑问，
看到即答复！
祝大家考研上岸！
扫码关注
