中考英语语法(15)陈述句(知识讲解+练习题)可打印

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中考英语语法(15)陈述句(知识讲解+练习题)可打印
中考英语语法(15)陈述句(知识讲解+练习题)可打印 第1张

一、陈述句概述

读一读,感知陈述句

London is the capital of the UK.

They work in Shanghai.

Sugar will dissolve in hot tea.

She can’t play the piano.

She picked up the litter and threw it into the bin.

核心基础信息

·用途:陈述事实或观点

·句型:包含肯定结构和否定结构

·语调:用降调

·标点:句末用句号 “.”

考点 1:Be 型陈述句

1. 肯定句

结构 1:主语 + be + 表语.

例句:

·She is a student. 她是一名学生。

·They are happy now. 她们现在很开心。

·They were in the park yesterday. 他们昨天在公园。

结构 2:主语 + be + 分词 /going to (+ 其他).

例句:

·The baby is sleeping now. 这个婴儿正在睡觉。

·She was saved by her husband. 她被她丈夫救了。

·They are going to play football this afternoon. 今天下午他们打算踢足球。

2. 否定句

结构 1:主语 + be + not + 表语.

例句:

·We aren’t in the classroom now. 我们现在不在教室。

·I wasn’t a teacher two years ago. 两年前我还不是老师。

结构 2:主语 + be + not + 分词 /going to (+ 其他).

例句:

·They aren’t playing basketball now. 他们现在没打篮球。

·The project isn’t finished yet. 这个项目还没完成。

·I am not going to attend the meeting tomorrow. 我明天不打算参加会议。

缩写注意事项

·is/are/was/were not = isn’t/aren’t/wasn’t/weren’t;

·am not 不能缩写!

考点 2:Do 型陈述句

1. 肯定句

结构:主语 + 实义动词 (+ 其他).

例句:

·He plays football every day. 他每天踢足球。

·She ate an apple this morning. 她今早吃了一个苹果。

·The rain stopped. 雨停了。

2. 否定句

结构:主语 + don’t/doesn’t/didn’t + 实义动词原形 (+ 其他).

例句:

·She doesn’t like staying up late. 她不喜欢熬夜。

·I didn’t watch the movie last night. 我昨晚没看那部电影。

·He doesn’t do his homework in the morning. 他早上不做作业。

考点 3:Will 型陈述句

1. 肯定句

结构:主语 + will + 实义动词 (+ 其他).

例句:

·The rain will stop in an hour. 雨一小时后会停。

·I will help you with the problem. 我会帮你解决这道题。

·She will take the bus instead of driving today. 今天她决定坐公交而不开车。

2. 否定句

结构:主语 + won’t + 实义动词原形 (+ 其他).

例句:

·We won’t go camping if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨,我们就不去露营了。

·The concert won’t start until 8 o’clock. 演唱会要到 8 点才会开始。

缩写规则

will not = won’t

考点 4:Have 型陈述句

1. 助动词用法(完成时)

肯定句

结构:主语 + have/has/had + 过去分词 (+ 其他).

例句:

·I have finished my homework. 我已经完成作业了。

·She has traveled to three countries this year. 她今年已经去过 3 个国家了。

·He told me he had read that novel twice. 他告诉我那本小说他已经读了两遍。

否定句

结构:主语 + haven’t/hasn’t/hadn’t + 过去分词 (+ 其他).

例句:

·I haven’t finished my report yet. 我还没写完我的报告。

·She hasn’t watched that new movie. 她还没看过那部新电影。

·By last month, we hadn’t received the package. 到上个月为止,我们还没收到包裹。

2. 实义动词用法

Have 作实义动词表 “拥有”“吃,喝” 等含义时,肯定句和否定句的结构参考 Do 型陈述句。

例句:

·I have a new friend. 我有一个新朋友。

·She has many toys. 她有很多玩具。

·I didn’t have breakfast this morning. 我今天早上没吃早饭。

考点 5:情态动词型陈述句

1. 肯定句

结构:主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 (+ 其他).

例句:

·He can swim well. 他游泳很好。

·We should study hard. 我们应该努力学习。

·She may be at home now. 她现在可能在家。

2. 否定句

结构:主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 (+ 其他).

例句:

·You can’t take photos in the museum. 你不能在博物馆里拍照。

·We mustn’t be late for the exam. 我们考试绝对不能迟到。

·He might not know the answer to this question. 他可能不知道这道题的答案。

考点 6:含其他否定词的陈述句

1. 否定副词型否定句

结构:主语 + 否定副词 (never/seldom/hardly) + 谓语 (+ 其他).

例句:

·He never plays computer games. 他从不玩电脑游戏。

·They seldom go out for dinner on weekdays. 他们工作日很少出去吃晚饭。

·He hardly watches TV after finishing his work. 他做完工作后几乎不看电视。

2. 否定代词型否定句

结构:主语 (否定代词) + 谓语 (+ 其他).

常用否定代词:nothing, nobody, nowhere, none, neither, nor, no one

例句:

·Nobody likes to wait for a long time. 没人喜欢长时间等待。

·Nothing can stop us from reaching the goal. 没什么能阻止我们达成目标。

·None of the books is interesting. 这些书没有一本是有趣的。

二、练习题 + 答案 + 详解

(一)按要求改写句子

1.The old man has lived in this town for about fifty years. (改为否定句)

The old man ________ _______ in this town for about fifty years.

答案:hasn’t;lived

详解:句意:这位老人已经在这个城镇住了大约五十年。原句为现在完成时,改为否定句,需在助动词 has 后加 not,缩写为 hasn’t,其余不变。

2.Both of them were tired after running the long race. (改为否定句)

_________ of them _________ tired after running the long race.

答案:Neither;was

详解:句意:跑完长跑后,他们俩都累了。根据题目要求变成否定句,这里 both 表示 “两者都”,否定形式是 neither “两者都不”;neither 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,由 were 变成 was,句首单词首字母大写。

3.Rudy will learn to cook after graduation. (改为否定句)

Rudy ________ ________ learn to cook after graduation.

答案:will;not

详解:句意:Rudy 毕业之后将学习烹饪。根据题目要求,改为否定句,直接在助动词 will 后加 not 即可。

(二)完成句子

1.大明会说英语,但他不会说日语。

Daming ____________ English, but he ___________ Japanese.

答案:can speak;can’t speak

详解:根据汉英对照可知,情态动词 “can 会,能” 表示能力,其后跟动词原形;说某种语言用动词 speak:speak English 说英语,speak Japanese 说日语;can 的否定形式为 can’t。

2.无论做什么,她都不放弃。

Whatever she does, she ________________.

答案:doesn’t give up

详解:句子为一般现在时,主语 she 是第三人称单数,否定句需借助助动词 doesn’t,后接动词原形 give up(放弃)。

(三)单项选择题

1.—Can any of you tell something about the Confucius Temple?

—I’m afraid not. _______ of us has been there before!

A. Each B. all C. None D. No one

答案:C

详解:句意:—— 你们中有人能讲讲关于孔庙的事吗?—— 恐怕不能,我们中没人之前去过那里。each 每个;all 全部;none(三者及以上)都不,可与 of 连用;no one 没人,不能与 of 连用。根据 “I’m afraid not.” 可知是否定含义,且空后有 of,故选 C。

2.I got up ________ this morning, so I ________ breakfast and went to school.

A. late; didn’t have B. early; didn’t have C. late; hadn’t D. early; hadn’t

答案:A

详解:句意:我今天早上起晚了,所以没吃早饭就去上学了。late 晚;early 早。根据句意可知是起晚了,排除 B、D;句子为一般过去时,否定句需借助助动词 didn’t,后接动词原形 have,故选 A。

3.Ten months __________ a long time, but it’s enough for us to build the bridge.

A. is B. isn’t C. are D. aren’t

答案:B

详解:句意:十个月不算很长的时间,但对我们来说建这座桥足够了。时间作主语时,谓语动词用单数,排除 C、D;根据 but 表转折可知,前半句是否定含义,故选 B。

4.I don’t know if it ______ tomorrow. If it _____ , I’ll fly kites with my friends.

A. will rain; doesn’t rain B. doesn’t rain; will rain C. will rain; rains D. rains; doesn’t rain

答案:A

详解:句意:我不知道明天会不会下雨。如果不下雨,我会和我的朋友们去放风筝。第一空 if 引导宾语从句,tomorrow 表将来,用 will rain;第二空 if 引导条件状语从句,遵循 “主将从现”,用一般现在时,结合句意是 “不下雨就去放风筝”,用 doesn’t rain,故选 A。

(四)语法填空

Our school has a small but lively garden. I 1. ____________ (visit) it almost every day since I entered Grade Seven. It 2. ______ (not be) a big place, but it holds many sweet memories for us students. Last spring, our class 3. ________ (decide) to plant some sunflowers there. At first, we 4. ___________ (not know) how to take care of the seeds. Miss Li, our biology teacher, taught us to water them properly. She told us that the seeds 5. ______________ (not grow) well if we gave them too much water.

We took turns looking after the garden. Every morning, someone would check the soil. Once, a heavy rain came suddenly. We were afraid the young plants 6. _________ (die). Luckily, they survived because we covered them with plastic cloth in time. After two months, the first sunflower bloomed. We 7. _______ (be) so excited that we took many photos together. Now, some students still 8. ______ (keep) a diary about the garden.

答案:

1.have visited

2.isn’t

3.decided

4.didn’t know

5.wouldn’t grow

6.would die

7.were

8.keep

详解:

1.根据 since I entered Grade Seven 可知,句子用现在完成时,主语 I 是第一人称,助动词用 have,故填 have visited。

2.句子描述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语 It 是第三人称单数,be 动词用 is,否定形式为 isn’t。

3.根据 Last spring 可知,句子用一般过去时,decide 的过去式为 decided。

4.句子描述过去的事情,用一般过去时,否定句需借助助动词 didn’t,后接动词原形 know。

5.句子为宾语从句,主句是一般过去时,从句需用相应的过去时态,且 if 引导条件状语从句,遵循 “主过从过”,故填 wouldn’t grow。

6.句意:我们担心幼苗会死掉。主句是一般过去时,从句用过去将来时,故填 would die。

7.句子描述过去的事情,用一般过去时,主语 We 是复数,be 动词用 were。

8.根据 Now 可知,句子用一般现在时,主语 some students 是复数,谓语动词用原形 keep。

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