长难句,阅读理解的“拦路虎”。
很多学生单词认识,语法学过,但一碰到三四十个词的长句就读不明白了——从句套从句,修饰叠修饰,读到后面忘了开头。
别急。中高考真题里反复出现的那些长难句,其实都有“拆解套路”。今天挑三句最具代表性的真题句子,带大家把它们的骨架和血肉一层层剥开。
第一句:名词性从句连环套(高考真题)
What Professor Chen might overlook is that his enthusiasm for classical literature is infectious and can be the turning point in a student developing a lifelong passion for humanities.
逐级拆解:
第一步,找主干的“主—系—表”骨架。
主语是What Professor Chen might overlook(一个整件事:陈教授可能忽略的事情),系动词是is,表语是从that到句末的名词性从句。
主干含义:“陈教授可能忽略的是某件事”。
第二步,看表语从句里说了什么。
that his enthusiasm for classical literature is infectious and can be the turning point
两条并列信息:
他对古典文学的热情具有感染力 (is infectious)
这种热情可以成为转折点 (can be the turning point)
第三步,介词短语打开最后一层。
in a student developing a lifelong passion for humanities
解释“什么方面的转折点”——在学生培养人文终身爱好的过程中。
全文梳理:
陈教授可能忽略的是——他对古典文学的热情具有感染力,这种热情可以成为学生培养人文学科终身爱好的转折点。
语法要点速记:
第二句:非谓语动词+插入语+被动结构(高考真题)
First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique.
逐级拆解:
第一步,找开头的状语部分。
First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century
这是个过去分词短语,放在句首作状语。它实际上是被动语态的省略:The theorem was first put forward by...
说明主语the theorem的由来:“这个定理,17世纪由法国数学家皮埃尔·德·费马首先提出”。
第二步,找主句骨架——其实非常简单。
the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds
“这个定理曾让最杰出的数学头脑陷入困惑和挫败”。
三个单词就够了:主语+谓语+宾语。
第三步,including...之后的成分全是补充说明:
including a French woman scientist——包括一位法国女科学家
who made a major advance in working out the problem——她在解决这个难题上取得了重大进展(定语从句1)
and who had to dress like a man——她还必须女扮男装(定语从句2)
in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique——才能在这所理工学院学习(不定式表目的)
全文梳理:
这个定理17世纪由法国数学家费马首先提出来,曾让大批杰出的数学头脑困惑且挫败。其中包括一位法国女科学家——她攻克这个难题取得了决定性进展,并且为了能在巴黎理工学院学习,不得女扮男装。
语法要点速记:
建议背诵: 把句子中的主句主干 the theorem had baffled and beaten... 单独拎出来多读几遍。只要抓住了“主语—谓语—宾语”这一根线,外围再多的修饰都不会让你迷失方向。
第三句:中考级别的三层从句嵌套(适合初中生)
Although she used to eat fast food every day, Sarah has realized that cooking at home not only saves money but also improves her health, which makes her parents very proud.
逐级拆解:
第一步,Although引出的让步状语从句。
Although she used to eat fast food every day
“虽然她过去每天都吃快餐”。
关键词:used to表示“过去常常做,但现在不做了”。中考必考点。
第二步,主句的骨架是Sarah has realized that...
has realized:“萨拉已经意识到”。
第三步,that后面的宾语从句才是关键:
cooking at home not only saves money but also improves her health
谓语动词saves和improves是通过 not only…but also… 连接的两个并列动词。主语不是Sarah,而是cooking at home(在家做饭这件事),是动名词短语作主语。
第四步,逗号后的which makes her parents very proud
这是一个非限制性定语从句,which指代的是cooking at home saves money and improves health这件事,不是某个具体的名词。
⚠️ 易错点:which前面有逗号,说明它修饰的是整个主句、或者主句中的某个名词。如果去掉逗号,修饰关系会变。
全文梳理:
虽然萨拉过去每天都吃快餐,但她已经意识到,在家做饭不仅能省钱,还能让身体更健康——这让她的父母非常自豪。
语法要点速记: