高考英语CD篇攻坚:2022北京真题D篇解题关键----量子计算机

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高考英语CD篇攻坚:2022北京真题D篇解题关键----量子计算机

解题关键

  • 记住两个名字Chris Johnson和Philip Taylor.
  • 知道sympathetic有“赞同支持”的意思,open有“易受攻击的,易受影响的”的意思。
  • 31:理解One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest.(其中一位是计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊,在我看来,他能帮这个领域守住求真务实的底线)
  • 32:理解The company, he says, is closer than any other firm "by a very large margin (幅度)" to building a "useful"quantum computer, one that "solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise."(他称,这家公司远超其他所有同行,最接近造出一台“真正实用”的量子计算机——这台计算机可以解决用其他方式根本无法攻克的关键难题。)
  • 34:理解Taylor shares Johnson's concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.(泰勒和约翰逊一样,也对行业炒作抱有顾虑,但他表示,这些乱象并不存在于PyQuantum公司身上。)和But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.(但我信任泰勒,就和我信任约翰逊一样。)

原文

Quantum (量子) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I've also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us "cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction." This is the sort of hype (炒作) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can't keep. "What's new,"Johnson wrote, "is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers."
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work's potential. If researchers can't keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because "'quantum'stands for something cool you shouldn't be able to understand."And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson's concerns about hype, but he says those concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm "by a very large margin (幅度)"to building a "useful"quantum computer, one that "solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise."He adds, "People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others."
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition "by a wide margin", as Taylor claims? I don't know. I'm certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.
31.Regarding Johnson's concerns, the author feels ______.
A. sympathetic
B. unconcerned
C. doubtful
D. excited
32.What leads to Taylor's optimism about quantum computing?
A. His dominance in physics.
B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum.
D. The investment of tech companies.
33.What does the underlined word "prone"in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Open.
B. Cool.
C. Useful.
D. Resistant.
34.Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?

全文翻译

量子计算机最近一直萦绕在我的心头。一位朋友一直在给我发文章,讲述量子计算机或许可以帮助解决人类面临的一些重大难题。我也和两位量子计算领域的专家交流过。其中一位是计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊,在我看来,他能帮这个领域守住求真务实的底线;另一位是物理学家菲利普·泰勒。
数十年来,量子计算一直仅仅是实验室里的新奇事物。如今,大型科技公司和许多小型企业都已经入局、投资量子计算领域。据《商业周刊》报道,量子设备或许能帮我们“治愈癌症,甚至扭转气候变化趋势”。约翰逊对这类炒作十分反感。他担忧,研究人员正在许下自己无法兑现的承诺。约翰逊写道:“如今的新情况是,量子计算研究者现在可以获得数百万美元的潜在资金支持。”
随着量子计算吸引了更多关注与资金,研究人员可能会误导投资者、新闻界、公众,最糟糕的是,还会误导他们自己,高估自身研究的潜力。约翰逊警告,如果研究人员无法兑现承诺,当下的热潮最终会演变为怀疑、失望与不满。很多其他科技都经历过热度高涨的阶段。但约翰逊提出,量子计算本身的特质让它尤其容易陷入过度炒作,或许是因为“‘量子’这个词,本身就代表着某种酷炫、普通人无法理解的事物”。这就让我又想到了泰勒,他曾建议我阅读他的著作《Q for Quantum》。
读完这本书后,泰勒耐心解答了我关于这本书的疑问,也回答了我对PyQuantum这家他在2016年联合创立的公司的相关问题。泰勒和约翰逊一样,也对行业炒作抱有顾虑,但他表示,这些乱象并不存在于PyQuantum公司身上。
他称,这家公司远超其他所有同行,最接近造出一台“真正实用”的量子计算机——这台计算机可以解决用其他方式根本无法攻克的关键难题。他补充道:“人们自然会质疑我的说法,但我已经花费了大量时间,定量对比了我们团队和其他所有人的研究进展。”
PyQuantum是否真的如泰勒所说,大幅领先行业所有竞争者?我无从得知。我肯定不会建议我的朋友,或是任何其他人去投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒,就和我信任约翰逊一样。
31.关于约翰逊的顾虑,作者的态度是______
A. 认同、赞同
B. 毫不在意
C. 怀疑
D. 兴奋
32.是什么让泰勒对量子计算抱有乐观态度?
A. 他本人在物理学领域的统治地位
B. 行业内的激烈竞争
C. 他对PyQuantum公司的信心
D. 科技企业的大量投资
33.第3段的划线单词“prone”最可能是什么意思?
A. 容易遭受、倾向于
B. 酷炫的
C. 有用的
D. 抵抗的
34.本文最合适的标题是?
A. 约翰逊比泰勒更专业吗?
B. 量子计算正在重新定义科技吗?
C. 量子计算机究竟能否问世?
D. 量子计算能否不负万众炒作与期待?

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