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中考英语时文阅读
（人文）法国全票通过文物归还法案，
中国有望追回流失瑰宝
时文简讯：近日法国国民议会以170 票全票赞成通过文物归还法案。新法告别 “一事一议” 旧规，授权政府经双重委员会审核后，以行政令直接归还1815—1972 年间非法掠夺的文物人民网。法案覆盖圆明园、敦煌等流失文物，要求法国每年公布疑似非法文物清单。此举是西方首个系统性文物返还立法，为包括中国在内的文物流失国追索国宝提供重要依据，彰显正视殖民历史、守护文明正义与文化归属的重要意义。
一、阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。
France Passes Landmark Law on Restitution of Looted Cultural Relics
On April 13, 2026, French lawmakers passed a landmark bill to speed up the return of cultural relics looted during the colonial era, after the measure won approval from both houses of parliament. The legislation marks a meaningful step toward correcting historical wrongs against cultural heritage and has drawn wide international attention.
The law covers treasures taken illegally between 1815 and 1972, an era of intense colonial expansion and early decolonization（非殖民化）. It ends the longstanding（长期存在的） rule that public museum collections cannot be transferred, and streamlines the once slow and complex approval process for restitution（归还）. Only sovereign（主权的） governments may file formal claims for lost relics, making the procedure structured and legally recognized.
For decades, countless relics seized from former colonies have been kept in French museums. As valuable carriers of history and culture, their return has long been a shared hope for nations that suffered colonial plunder.
The law carries special significance for China. Its timeline includes the 1860s, when the Old Summer Palace, a treasure of Chinese royal architecture, was burned and looted, with countless irreplaceable treasures taken overseas. During debates, lawmakers cited Victor Hugo, the celebrated French writer who strongly condemned colonial theft. He insisted that France should return looted treasures to their countries of origin.
The law now provides a clear, lawful path for China to seek the return of its lost cultural heritage.
As Europe’s first comprehensive law of its kind, it sets a positive example for global cultural protection. It reflects a growing sense of cultural justice worldwide and brings new hope for more nations to regain their stolen historical treasures.
1.What is the primary aim of the landmark law passed by French lawmakers?A. To enrich the collections of French public museums with cultural relics B. To simplify procedures and accelerate the restitution of looted cultural heritage C. To tighten France’s management over treasures from former colonial regions D. To boost international cooperation in the construction of modern museums
2.The expression “streamlines the once slow and complex approval process” in Paragraph 2 most likely means _______.A. renders the process harder to regulate B. transforms the process into a more flexible and informal system C. makes the process more efficient and easier to follow D. lengthens the process to guarantee thorough examination
3.Why does the new law hold special significance for China according to the passage? A. Its applicable time range covers the period when numerous Chinese treasures were looted. B. France has made an immediate promise to return all looted Chinese relics. C. China was the first nation to formally claim the return of its lost cultural relics. D. Victor Hugo once resided in China and advocated for its cultural protection.
4.It can be inferred from the text that the French law _______.A. has drawn wide criticism from countries possessing stolen cultural relics B. serves as a positive model for global cultural heritage protection C. has been rejected by most former colonial countries across the world D. only gains recognition and support from European nations
5.Which of the following best describes the author’s attitude towards the French law?A. Critical B. Skeptical C. Indifferent D. Favorable
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In a move that has drawn wide attention worldwide, France’s National Assembly approved a significant bill on April 13, 2026. 1____ by a unanimous vote, the law will change long-standing rules about the return of looted cultural relics. The country’s Senate had already given its 2____ to the bill back in January.
For hundreds of years, France has held large numbers of valuable artifacts taken 3____ from regions once under its colonial rule, particularly in Africa. Under the 4____rules, returning any of these items was extremely complex. Each request required a separate parliamentary vote, leading to a(n) 5____and ineffective process.
The new legislation is designed to 6____this system. It applies only to relics acquired between 1815 and 1972, a(n) 7____that covers many well-known historical losses, including treasures looted from China’s Old Summer Palace in 1860. The idea can be 8____to President Emmanuel Macron’s 2017 promise to face colonial-era wrongs and 9____to return stolen cultural property.
Several African nations, including Benin, Mali and Algeria, have long 10____France for the return of their heritage. In 2025, France 11____a famous “talking drum” to Côte d’Ivoire, one of the earliest practical steps in this direction.
While the law has been welcomed internationally, it has also 12____ mixed reactions at home. Some politicians call for a wider scope, while others argue for more limitations. 13____, recent political unrest in parts of West Africa has added 14____to the restitution process.
All in all, this law represents an important 15____in global efforts to protect cultural justice and respect the history of other nations.
1.A. Supported B. Passed C. Decided D. Advised
2.A. attention B. permission C. approval D. guidance
3.A. illegally B. directly C. officially D. normally
4.A. favorite B. original C. legal D. private
5.A. steady B. swift C. rigid D. lengthy
6.A. replace B. create C. remember D. monitor
7.A. range B. term C. period D. base
8.A. switched B. linked C. turned D. taken
9.A. manage B. afford C. agree D. promise
10.A. urged B. reminded C. encouraged D. convinced
11.A. sold B. lent C. returned D. donated
12.A. caused B. heard C. seen D. met
13.A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Instead
14.A. doubts B. uncertainties C. hopes D. chances
15.A. accident B. mistake C. discovery D. step
三、语篇填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
France’s National Assembly 1_______ (pass) a bill unanimously on April 13, 2026, to simplify the return of cultural relics looted during the colonial era. The Senate approved the bill in January, and it will take effect 2_______ final formal procedures.
The law applies to artifacts 3_______(acquire) illegally between 1815 and 1972. France still holds tens of 4_______(thousand) of such precious relics, mostly from Africa. The government will publish a list of looted items 5_______ (annual).
The reform can be traced back to President Emmanuel Macron’s promise 6_______(make) in 2017 to return African cultural heritage. A French lawmaker quoted Victor Hugo’s 1861 letter, 7_______ expresses support for the return of treasures taken from China.
The new law requires receiving countries to protect relics well and make 8_______(they) accessible to the public. It has been widely considered 9_______important step toward historical justice. Such moves 10_______ (help) improve international cultural cooperation.
四、新增短文还原（个别省份中考题会出）
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项使短文通顺连贯，其中有两项是多余选项。
On April 13, 2026, France’s National Assembly passed a landmark bill unanimously by 170 votes to 0, simplifying the return of cultural relics looted during the colonial era. 1_______
For over two centuries, French law barred the return of state-held artifacts, under the principle that “public collections cannot be transferred.” 2_______Each return required a separate act of parliament—a slow, inefficient process that could take years.
The new law breaks with this old system. 3_______ It applies only to items taken illegally between 1815 and 1972, a period that includes treasures looted from China’s Old Summer Palace in 1860.
4_______It sets a historic example for cultural justice and encourages other European nations to reconsider their own colonial-era collections. Germany and the Netherlands have already launched similar policies.
For China and other former colonial nations, the law opens a clear, official path to reclaim lost heritage. 5_______It marks a meaningful step toward historical healing and respectful international relations.
A. This long-awaited reform follows years of debate and global pressure.
B. Most importantly, it allows returns via government decree instead of parliamentary legislation.
C. Critics worry the law lacks clear timelines and specific target lists.
D. This strict rule made nearly all restitutions highly difficult or impossible.
E. It also requires annual publication of artifacts with uncertain or illegal origins.
F. Internationally, the French decision carries huge symbolic and practical meaning.
G. Many museums hold thousands of artifacts acquired during colonial expansion.
一、阅读理解
本篇为中考高频的国际文化类说明文，5 道题完全覆盖中考阅读核心题型：1 道主旨目的题、1 道词义猜测题、2 道细节理解题、1 道推理判断题、1 道观点态度题，是中考阅读的标准命题模板。
1B 细节理解题（主旨目的类，中考阅读占比 40%，必考）
答案解析：simplify procedures 是原文 streamlines the once slow and complex approval process 的同义替换；accelerate the restitution 是原文 speed up the return of cultural relics 的同义改写，完全匹配法案核心目的，符合中考正确选项「同义改写、不增不减」的核心特征。
2C 词义猜测题（中考必考题型，占比 10%）
答案解析：先拆解句内逻辑：and 表并列，前半句 “终结了长期存在的不合理旧规则” 是正向改革动作，后半句 streamlines 必然也是正向优化；once slow and complex（曾经缓慢又复杂），说明 streamlines 后流程会变得 “不缓慢、不复杂”，efficient 对应 “不再 slow”，easier to follow 对应 “不再 complex”，是 streamlines 的精准同义替换。
3A 因果类细节理解题（中考高频易错题型）
答案解析：applicable time range 对应原文 Its timeline includes the 1860s；numerous Chinese treasures were looted 对应原文圆明园被焚烧掠夺、无数文物流失海外的表述，完全匹配原文的因果逻辑，精准回答了 “对中国有特殊意义” 的原因。
4B 推理判断题（中考拉分题，占比 20%）
答案解析：推理判断题的核心是「基于原文，合理推断，不脑补、不跳步」，本选项是原文 sets a positive example for global cultural protection 的同义替换，example=model，完全是原文信息的合理延伸，未添加任何额外信息，符合推理题正确选项的要求。
5D 作者态度判断题（中考高频题型）
答案解析：作者态度题的核心是抓全文的感情色彩词，本文全程用 meaningful、positive、hope 等正向词汇描述法案，完全体现了作者对法案的支持态度。
二、完形填空
本篇为中考高频的新闻事件类说明文，15 道题完全贴合中考完形命题分布：6 道动词辨析、3 道名词辨析、2 道形容词 / 副词辨析、2 道连词 / 介词、2 道固定搭配，覆盖中考完形四大核心考点：词汇辨析、语境逻辑、固定搭配、原词复现。
1B. Passed 过去分词作状语 + 动词词义辨析（中考完形必考）
解析：pass a bill 是中考法律类话题的固定搭配，意为 “通过法案”；过去分词 passed 作状语修饰 the law，意为 “经全票通过的法律”，完全匹配全文核心话题。
2C. approval 名词词义辨析 + 固定搭配（中考高频）
解析：give approval to the bill 是固定搭配，意为 “批准法案”，符合法国议会立法流程（参议院先批准，国民议会再投票），是官方、法律层面的正式批准，完全匹配语境。
易错警示：中考中 permission 和 approval 的辨析是高频易错点，记住：非正式、个人许可用 permission；正式、官方、法律层面的批准用 approval。
3A. illegally 副词词义辨析 + 主旨语境匹配
解析：A. illegally：非法地。完全匹配全文主旨，殖民掠夺的文物是非法获取的，和原文第一部分的 taken illegally 形成原词呼应。
解题技巧：完形填空的副词题，优先匹配全文的主旨基调，本文核心是 “被非法掠夺的文物”，直接锁定 illegally。
4B. original 形容词词义辨析 + 对比逻辑（中考完形必考）
解析：original rules = 旧的、原有的规定，和后文的 new legislation 形成完美的对比逻辑，完全匹配语境。
解题技巧：完形中出现 new/old、now/before 等对比逻辑，一定要找对应的反向 / 对应词，new legislation 对应 original rules，是中考完形高频的对比逻辑考点。
5D. lengthy 形容词词义辨析 + 并列逻辑（中考完形必考）
解析：D.lengthy：漫长的、冗长的。完全对应前文的 slow，和 ineffective 形成并列，意为 “漫长又低效的流程”，完美匹配语境。
解题技巧：and 连接的两个形容词，一定是感情色彩一致、语义同向的，ineffective 是负向词，可直接排除正向的 A、B，再匹配前文的 slow，锁定答案。
6. A. replace 动词词义辨析 + 语境逻辑
解析：前文讲旧体系漫长低效，结合后文 breaks with this old system（打破旧体系），新法的核心是取代旧体系.A. replace：取代、替换。完全匹配语境，新法取代旧的低效体系，符合全文主旨。
解题技巧：完形动词题，优先看前后文的核心动作，前文是 “旧体系低效”，后文是 “新法打破旧体系”，直接锁定 “取代” 这个核心动作。
7. C. period 名词词义辨析 + 同位语逻辑
解析：空格处是 between 1815 and 1972 的同位语，指代这段历史时间. C. period：时期、时间段。完美对应 1815-1972 这段历史时期，是中考描述历史时间段的核心词汇。
解题技巧：同位语结构的题，空格处的词汇一定是前文内容的概括，1815-1972 是一段历史时期，直接锁定 period。
8. B. linked 动词词义辨析 + 固定搭配
解析：核心语义是 “与…… 相关联、追溯到” .B. linked：关联、联系。be linked to 是中考固定搭配，意为 “与…… 相关联、追溯到”，完全匹配语境，意为 “这一法案的想法可以追溯到马克龙 2017 年的承诺”。
解题技巧：完形中出现介词 to，一定要优先考虑固定搭配，be linked to 是中考高频短语，必须积累。
9.D. promise 动词词义辨析 + 原词复现（中考完形送分考点）
解析：and 表并列，前文已经出现核心名词 promise，此处是并列的动作，与前文形成原词复现。D. promise：承诺。promise to do 与前文的 promise 形成原词复现，and 并列两个不定式 to face... and to promise...，完全匹配语法和语境。
解题技巧：中考完形中，原词复现是送分题，但凡前文出现过的核心名词 / 动词，选项中再次出现，90% 都是正确答案，一定要重点关注前后文的复现关系。
10. A. urged 动词词义辨析 + 语境逻辑
解析：核心语义是 “正式敦促、要求”。A. urged：敦促、力劝。urge sb for sth/urge sb to do sth 是固定搭配，意为 “敦促某人做某事”，完全匹配语境，体现非洲国家长期要求法国归还文物的诉求。
解题技巧：动词辨析题，一定要结合语境的语气强弱，本题中 “长期要求归还文物”，语气是强硬的，直接排除语气过轻的 reminded、encouraged。
11. C. returned 动词词义辨析 + 主旨匹配
解析：全文核心主旨是 “归还文物”。C. returned：归还。完全匹配全文主旨，return sth to sb 是固定搭配，意为 “把某物归还给某人”，文物本就属于科特迪瓦，用 return 完全贴合语境。
易错警示：一定要结合全文主旨和语境的感情色彩，本文核心是 “归还被非法掠夺的文物”，只能用 return，不能用 donate，这是中考完形的高频易错陷阱。
12. D. met 动词词义辨析 + 固定搭配
解析： D. met：遭遇、迎来。meet mixed reactions 是中考英语新闻类文本的固定搭配，意为 “引发、遭遇了褒贬不一的反响”，完全匹配书面语语境。
解题技巧：完形中遇到固定搭配的题，优先积累中考高频的书面语搭配，尤其是新闻类文本的常用表达。
13. C. Besides 连词辨析 + 逻辑关系（中考完形必考）
解析：前后文是同向递进关系，都是讲法案面临的问题。C. Besides：此外。表递进关系，意为 “除了国内的争议，还有西非的动荡带来的问题”，完美匹配前后文逻辑。
解题技巧：中考完形的连词题，核心是先判断前后文的逻辑关系（转折 / 递进 / 因果 / 并列），理清语义后再选对应的连词，这是每年完形的必考题。
14. B. uncertainties 名词词义辨析 + 语境逻辑
解析：政治动荡会给流程带来负面影响，核心是 “不确定性” . B. uncertainties：不确定性。政治动荡会让文物归还流程充满不确定性，完全匹配语境。
解题技巧：名词辨析题，先看语境的感情基调，本句是负面语境，直接排除正向的 hopes、chances，再核对主谓搭配，锁定答案。
15. D. step 名词词义辨析 + 原词复现 + 主旨匹配
解析：原文第一段就出现了 meaningful step，是原词复现。D. step：步骤、一步。an important step 是固定搭配，意为 “重要的一步”，和原文的 meaningful step 形成原词复现，完全匹配全文主旨。
解题技巧：完形最后一题，通常是主旨总结题，优先匹配全文反复出现的核心词汇，本题中 step 是全文的核心主旨词，直接锁定答案。
三、语篇填空（语法填空）
本篇为中考标准的 10 空语法填空题，覆盖中考语法填空 90% 的高频考点：时态、非谓语动词、介词、冠词、代词、词形转换、定语从句、固定搭配，完全贴合中考命题规律。
1. passed 一般过去时（中考语法填空必考，占比 20%）
解析：on April 13, 2026，是明确的过去时间，中考中只要出现具体的过去时间状语，谓语动词必须用一般过去时；
2. after 介词用法（中考高频考点）
解析：前半句 “参议院在 1 月批准了该法案”，后半句 “它将在最终的正式程序__生效”，根据立法流程，法案要在完成最终正式程序之后生效，所以填 after（在…… 之后）；
3. acquired 过去分词作后置定语（非谓语动词，中考语法填空必考，占比 30%）
解析：主句是 The law applies to artifacts，句子已经有谓语动词 applies，空格处是修饰 artifacts 的定语，只能用非谓语动词；artifacts（文物）和 acquire（获取）之间是被动关系，即 “文物被非法获取”，所以用过去分词 acquired 作后置定语，相当于定语从句 which were acquired illegally；
4. thousands 数词的固定搭配（中考高频易错考点）
解析：tens of thousands of 是中考固定短语，意为 “数以万计的”；
5. annually 词形转换（形容词→副词，中考必考，占比 20%）
解析：The government will publish a list of looted items，空格处的词修饰动词 publish，中考核心规则：修饰动词、形容词、整个句子，必须用副词；
6. made 过去分词作后置定语（非谓语动词）
解析：主句是 The reform can be traced back to President Emmanuel Macron’s promise，句子已有谓语动词 can be traced，空格处修饰 promise，用非谓语动词；promise（承诺）和 make（做出）之间是被动关系，即 “被做出的承诺”，所以用过去分词 made 作后置定语，相当于 which was made in 2017，考点与第 3 题完全一致。
7. which 非限制性定语从句的关系代词（中考高频拉分题）
解析：前半句是完整的句子，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Victor Hugo’s 1861 letter（物），且在从句中作主语；
8. them 代词的宾格形式（中考高频考点）
解析：make 是谓语动词，后面接宾语，必须用代词的宾格形式；前面的 relics，是复数，所以用 they 的宾格 them；
9. an 冠词用法（中考必考考点）
解析：step 是可数名词单数，前面需要加冠词，此处泛指 “重要的一步”，用不定冠词；important 的发音是以元音音素 /ɪ/ 开头，所以用 an，不用 a；
10. will help / help 动词时态（一般将来时 / 一般现在时）
解析：Such moves 10-- (help) improve international cultural cooperation.（这样的举措将有助于 / 有助于改善国际文化合作）；
2. 两种正确形式：
① will help：一般将来时，表举措在未来会带来的效果，是中考最推荐的答案，贴合语境；
② help：一般现在时，表客观事实、普遍真理，语法上完全正确；
四、短文还原（七选五）
本篇为中考标准的说明文类七选五，核心考点是：段落衔接、指代关系、逻辑词、原词复现，完全贴合中考命题规律，解题核心是先划选项关键词，再看空格前后，找衔接匹配点。
1A 段尾句衔接（承接上文，补充背景）
解析：空格前文2026 年 4 月 13 日，法国国民议会全票通过了一项里程碑式的法案，简化殖民时期被掠夺文物的归还流程；空格处需要承接这个事件，补充法案出台的背景；
2D 句间衔接（指代关系 + 承上启下）
解析：空格前文两个多世纪以来，法国法律禁止归还国家持有的文物，遵循 “公共馆藏不可转让” 的原则；空格后文每一次归还都需要议会单独立法 —— 一个缓慢、低效、可能耗时数年的流程；空格处需要承上启下，连接 “旧法律原则” 和 “归还流程的困难”；
选项 D：This strict rule 精准指代前文的 “public collections cannot be transferred” 的原则，后半句 made nearly all restitutions highly difficult 完美承接后文的 slow, inefficient process，是标准的承上启下句。
3B 句间衔接（新旧对比 + 内容承接）
解析：空格前文新法打破了这个旧体系；空格后文它仅适用于 1815 年至 1972 年间非法获取的物品，这一时期包括 1860 年从中国圆明园掠夺的珍宝；空格处需要解释 “新法如何打破旧体系”，与旧体系形成对比；
选项 B 匹配点：前文旧体系的核心是 “需要议会单独立法”，新法的核心是 “通过政府政令归还，无需议会立法”，完美对应 breaks with this old system，解释了新法的核心变化，同时承接后文的新法适用范围。
4F 段首主旨句（概括段落内容）
解析：空格处是段首句，需要概括本段主旨 —— 法案的国际影响；
选项 F ：Internationally 对应后文的 other European nations, Germany and the Netherlands，symbolic and practical meaning 对应后文的 sets a historic example，完美概括本段主旨，是标准的段首主旨句。
5E 句间衔接（补充内容 + 主旨承接）
解析：对于中国和其他前殖民国家来说，这项法律为追回失去的遗产开辟了一条清晰、官方的路径；空格后文：它标志着朝着历史愈合和相互尊重的国际关系迈出了有意义的一步；空格处需要补充法案的相关举措，承接前文的 “清晰路径”，衔接后文的 “有意义的一步”；
选项 E：It also requires 承接前文的 the law opens a clear path，补充了法案的另一个核心举措，正是这些举措，让法案成为了 “有意义的一步”，完美承上启下。
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