1. 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他例：I have finished my homework.（我已经做完作业了。）2. 否定句：主语+haven’t/hasn’t+过去分词+其他例：She hasn’t read this book.（她还没读这本书。）3. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他？肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has.否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t.例：—Have you been to Beijing?（你去过北京吗？）—Yes, I have.（是的，我去过。）
三、现在完成时：中考必考3大用法
用法1：过去动作→现在影响/结果
不强调动作过去什么时候发生，只强调现在的结果，常和already/yet/just/never/ever等词连用。例：I have lost my pen.（我丢了钢笔。）→ 结果：现在我没有钢笔用。
用法2：动作从过去持续到现在
动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在，常和for+时间段、since+过去时间点/一般过去时句子连用，动词必须用延续性动词。例：He has lived here for 10 years.（他在这里住了10年了。）例：She has studied English since 2018.（她从2018年就开始学英语了。）
用法3：过去的经历/经验
表示到目前为止，某人曾经做过某事，常和ever/never/twice/three times等连用。例：I have never ridden a horse.（我从来没骑过马。）
My father __________ (work) in this factory for 20 years.
They __________ (live) here since 2020.
He __________ just __________ (leave) the classroom.
We __________ never __________ (ride) a horse.
__________ he __________ (clean) his room so far?
The little girl __________ (learn) 500 English words.
I __________ (not eat) anything since this morning.
二、单项选择（5道）
1. —Have you finished your homework?—Yes, I __________.A. have B. has C. do D. did2. My mother __________ cooked dinner for us.A. have B. has C. is D. are3. He has been in Beijing __________ three years.A. since B. for C. in D. on4. They __________ never __________ to the Great Wall.A. have; gone B. have; been C. has; gone D. has; been5. She __________ this book twice.A. reads B. read C. has read D. is reading
参考答案
一、填空
1. have finished 2. hasn’t seen 3. Have; been 4. has worked 5. have lived2. has; left 7. have; ridden 8. Has; cleaned 9. has learned 10. haven’t eaten
