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When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing1.nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks 2. tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder3.this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to 4.(observe) nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right 5.(combine)of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build 6.he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was 7.(remove)harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams8brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all9.was left was pure water.
Over the years John 10.(take)on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, acity in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
解析：
1.how 考连词根据句意，观察大自然如何解决问题
2.where 考连词定语从句先行词在从句中充当地点状语
3.if/ whether 考连词根据句意，想知道这个过程能否被用来清理人们制造的垃圾
4.observing 考非谓语，go back to 的to 为介词，其次and asking questions 也可以推出答案
5.combination考词汇变形
6.what 考连词主句build 缺宾语，从句call A B把A称为B 缺A这个宾语当主句从句都缺主语/宾语/表语，且为物的情况下，答案锁定what
7.to remove考非谓语不定式做表语，因为主语为task
8.and考连词went around和brought back 并列
9.that考连词定语从句先行词为物，且为不定代词或被不定代词修饰，关系代词只能是that
10.has taken考谓语动词考虑时态语态单复数over the years 这些年来，用现在完成时
