形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则（规则变化）：
构成法 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 | |
单音节 | 一般末尾加-er,-est | tall long | taller longer | tallest longest |
以“辅音字母＋e”结尾的词，在后面加r和st | nice fine | nicer finer | nicest finest | |
以重读闭音节“辅元辅”结尾，双写结尾辅音，再加-er,-est | big hot fat | bigger hotter fatter | biggest hottest fattest | |
双音节 | 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，将y改为i，再加-er，-est | busy happy easy | busier happier easier | busiest happiest easiest |
其他双音节和多音节 | 其他双音节和多音节在前面加more，the most | important difficulty beautiful | moreimportant moredifficulty morebeautiful | the mostimportant the mostdifficulty the mostbeautiful |
注意：有少数几个双音节以及ow, er, le结尾的词，既可以加er和est, 又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。常考的词：common, clever, simple, quiet, stupid等。
2.不规则变化
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
many/much（多） | more | most |
little（少） | less | least |
good/well （好） | better | best |
bad/ill（坏） | worse | worst |
old（老） | older/elder | oldest/eldest |
far（远） | farther/further | farthest/furthest |
练习：
1.（2025北京卷）When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly 14 (long).
答案：longer
2.（2023浙江1月卷）Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
3.（2022北京卷）That’s a big problem and it is getting even _________ (bad). The use of those plastics hasincreased by 300% since 2019.
4.（2022全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the ___________ ( large) United States national park - 2.2 million acres - until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, which became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
5.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ____________ (high) mountain.
6.（2022全国乙卷）As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ____________ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
7.（2021新课标I卷）The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the____________(hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it?
8.（2021全国甲卷）After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ____________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
9.（2021浙江1月卷）This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including ____________ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
10.（2020北京卷）They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____________（smart）than the Neanderthals.
11.（2020全国III卷）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ____________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
12．Small, rocky planets are the (hard) of all to detect, but they are also the ones astrobiologists (天体生物学家) would most like to find.
13．Considered one of the (tough) marathon events in the world, the 875-kilometer annual Australian race is a severe test for athletes.
14．Lifestyle changes, such as stress management and better supplies, can change people’s biological (生理的) age and allow people to live a (healthy) and longer life.
15．The MV Ganga Vilas is set to travel 3, 200 kilometers of waterway in India and Bangladesh, making it the world’s___________ (long) river cruise.
16．Finland once again ranked the (happy) according to people’s self- reported assessment of their lives.
17．The (small) a file (文件) is, the faster it can be transferred over the Internet.
18． (much) than 700, 000 people worked for nearly 40 years to build the tomb.
19．The earlier the treatment is given, the (good) the patient’s chance of recovery will be.
20．The more I study Confucius, the (interest) I am in him.
21．The annual Maoming Lychee Festival is one of the (influence) events in Maoming.
22．Instead, it helps me to get along with my friend (closely) than ever before.
23．You might say Americans treat their pets like they treat their children — sometimes even (well).
24．It’s (easy) to buy a ticket now than during the Spring Festival.
25．The situation here is so much (bad) because the “loose lips” were your best friend’s.
26．The advanced information technology makes astronauts’ work (convenient) than before.
27．The (careful) you are when doing your homework, the fewer mistakes you are likely to make.
28．How do you manage to stay （slim）than anyone else in our group, by jogging or by dieting?
29．To prevent (far) damage to water bodies, it is necessary to take some measures.
30．My new school is much (big) than my junior secondary school and there’s a huge gym.
