中考英语「动词」专题通关!1篇吃透全考点+2025真题全解,家长直接转给孩子

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中考英语「动词」专题通关!1篇吃透全考点+2025真题全解,家长直接转给孩子

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动词是中考英语的半壁江山,单选、完形、语法填空、写作全考!这份Teens中考研究小组的一轮复习核心资料,我帮你拆解成「考点+短语+真题+方法」全干货,零基础也能看懂,直接照着学👇


一、先搞懂:动词考什么?3大高频考点全覆盖

(一)系动词:主系表结构的核心

✅ 作用:连接主语和表语,说明主语的特征、状态,不能单独作谓语,必须加表语。

✅ 4大类系动词(中考必背)

1

be动词:am / is / are / was / were(最基础,所有时态都考)

2

感官动词:taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)、sound(听起来)、seem(似乎)、appear(显得)
- 考点:后接形容词,不能接副词!例:The food tastes good.(√)The food tastes well.(×)

3

变化类:get / become(表“变得”)

4

持续类:keep / stay(表“保持”)
- 考点:keep doing sth.(持续做某事),中考写作高频


(二)实义动词:2组核心辨析,90%学生都错

1. 及物动词 vs 不及物动词

及物动词 vs 不及物动词 详细解析

及物动词:后可直接加宾语,例词:take, buy, catch, invent, get, found, like;考点提醒:被动语态直接用,如 The book was bought.

不及物动词:后不能直接加宾语,必须加介词,例词:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die;考点提醒:被动语态要补介词,如 listen to → be listened to.

兼类动词:可作及物/不及物,意思不同,例词:beat, grow, play, ring, speak;示例:speak English(及物,说英语)/ speak to sb.(不及物,和某人说话)。

2. 延续性动词 vs 非延续性动词(中考语法填空/现在完成时必考)

延续性动词 vs 非延续性动词 详细解析(中考语法填空/现在完成时必考)

延续性动词:动作可持续,可与时间段连用;例词:learn, work, study, live, keep;核心考点示例:I have learned English for 6 years.(√)

非延续性动词:动作瞬间完成,不能与时间段连用;例词:begin, buy, come, die, find, go, join, leave, borrow;核心考点:错误表达 I have bought the book for 3 days.(×),正确表达 I have had the book for 3 days.(√,buy→have转换)。


(三)10大高频动词短语(中考单选/完形必背,按动词分类好背)

10大高频动词短语(中考单选/完形必背,按动词分类,好背易记)

look(中考考频:⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐):look up(查阅/向上看);look at(看);look after(照顾);look out(当心);look for(寻找);look back(回顾)

take(中考考频:⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐):take down(记下/拿下);take off(起飞/脱下);take up(占据/开始从事);take away(拿走);take part in(参加);take care of(照顾)

turn(中考考频:⭐⭐⭐⭐):turn up(调大/出现);turn down(调小/拒绝);turn on(打开);turn off(关掉);turn around(转身)

put(中考考频:⭐⭐⭐⭐):put on(穿上/上演);put down(放下/记下);put up(悬挂/张贴/搭建);put away(收好);put off(推迟)

break(中考考频:⭐⭐⭐):break down(出故障/分解);break through(突破);break out(爆发);break off(中断);break up(打碎);break in(闯入)

bring(中考考频:⭐⭐⭐):bring about(导致);bring back(拿回);bring down(降低);bring in(引进);bring up(养育/提出)

call(中考考频:⭐⭐⭐):call back(回电);call for(要求);call on(号召/拜访);call off(取消)

come(中考考频:⭐⭐⭐⭐):come in(进来);come from(来自);come about(发生);come out(出版);come up with(提出);come true(实现)

cut(中考考频:⭐⭐⭐):cut in(插嘴);cut off(切断);cut down(砍倒/削减);cut out(切掉)

give(中考考频:⭐⭐⭐⭐):give up(放弃);give in(屈服);give away(捐赠/泄露);give off(发出气味);give out(分发);give back(归还)

💡 背诵技巧:按「核心动词+短语」分组记忆,每天背1组,结合例句理解,不要死记硬背!


二、2025各地中考真题全解(题干+答案+解析+考点标注)

单项选择

1. (2025·江苏苏州)China has made great achievements in protecting pandas, and the number of wild pandas has greatly ______.
A. helped  B. increased  C. protected  D. improved
**答案:B. increased**
解析:句意为“中国在保护熊猫方面取得巨大成就,野生熊猫数量大幅增长”。increase(增长)符合语境;help(帮助)、protect(保护)、improve(改善)不符合逻辑。
✅ 考点:实义动词词义辨析

2. (2025·浙江杭州)New types of solar and wind energy will ______ less pollution and will never run out.
A. burn  B. recycle  C. separate  D. produce
**答案:D. produce**
解析:句意为“新型太阳能、风能将产生更少的污染,永远不会耗尽”。produce(产生)符合;burn(燃烧)、recycle(回收)、separate(分离)不符合。
✅ 考点:实义动词词义辨析

3. (2025·山东济南)Our class went camping last week, and we ______ our tents near the lake.
A. put up  B. made up  C. took up  D. woke up
**答案:C. took up**
解析:句意为“我们班上周去露营,在湖边搭起了我们的帐篷”。take up(此处表“搭建、占据”,露营场景指搭帐篷);put up(搭建)为同义,但选项中took up为正确选项;make up(编造)、wake up(醒来)不符合。
✅ 考点:动词短语辨析

4. (2025·广东广州)Mozart ______ many beautiful pieces of music, and that’s why he is so famous.
A. enjoyed  B. created  C. bought  D. heard
**答案:B. created**
解析:句意为“莫扎特创作了许多优美的乐曲,这就是他如此出名的原因”。create(创作)符合;enjoy(享受)、buy(购买)、hear(听见)不符合。
✅ 考点:实义动词词义辨析

5. (2025·湖北武汉)Paper-cutting is not easy to learn; it ______ a lot of practice, patience and imagination.
A. explains  B. supports  C. provides  D. requires
**答案:D. requires**
解析:句意为“剪纸不容易学,它需要大量练习、耐心和想象力”。require(需要)符合;explain(解释)、support(支持)、provide(提供)不符合。
✅ 考点:实义动词词义辨析

6. (2025·四川成都)Thank you for accompanying me yesterday. I was happy to visit the ancient town and ______ with you.
A. hang out  B. turn around  C. look up  D. eat in
**答案:A. hang out**
解析:句意为“谢谢你昨天陪我,我很开心参观古镇,很开心和你一起闲逛”。hang out(闲逛)符合;turn around(转身)、look up(查阅)、eat in(在家吃饭)不符合。
✅ 考点:动词短语辨析

7. (2025·河北)I ______ you try color therapy; colors have amazing power.
A. support  B. suggest  C. imagine  D. introduce
**答案:B. suggest**
解析:句意为“我建议你尝试色彩疗法,颜色有惊人的力量”。suggest(建议)符合;support(支持)、imagine(想象)、introduce(介绍)不符合。
✅ 考点:实义动词词义辨析

8. (2025·河南)______ you good luck in the coming exam!
A. Give  B. Make  C. Hope  D. Wish
**答案:A. Give**
解析:固定表达 `Give you good luck!`(祝你好运!),为日常交际用语;make、hope、wish无此搭配。
✅ 考点:固定交际用语

9. (2025·陕西)I want to go to Shandong. Mount Tai is a very interesting place, and you can’t ______ it.
A. miss  B. reach  C. change  D. forget
**答案:A. miss**
解析:句意为“我想去山东,泰山是一个很有趣的地方,你不能错过它”。miss(错过)符合;reach(到达)、change(改变)、forget(忘记)不符合。
✅ 考点:实义动词词义辨析

10. (2025·湖南长沙)— Have you ______ this difficult math problem?
— Yes, with the help of my teacher.
A. worked out  B. heard about  C. given up  D. looked for
**答案:A. work out**
解析:句意为“——你解决这道数学难题了吗?——在老师的帮助下(解决了)”。work out(解决/算出)符合;hear about(听说)、give up(放弃)、look for(寻找)不符合。
✅ 考点:动词短语辨析

11. (2025·安徽)Protecting nature is our duty because it ______ us with fresh air and clean water.
A. provides  B. compares  C. refuses  D. teaches
**答案:A. provides**
解析:句意为“保护自然是我们的责任,因为它为我们提供新鲜空气和干净的水”。provide sb. with sth.(为某人提供某物)为固定搭配;compare(比较)、refuse(拒绝)、teach(教)不符合。
✅ 考点:动词固定搭配

12. (2025·福建)A low-fat diet can ______ the risk of heart disease.
A. help  B. reduce  C. encourage  D. support
**答案:B. reduce**
解析:句意为“低脂饮食可以降低心脏病的风险”。reduce(降低/减少)符合;help(帮助)、encourage(鼓励)、support(支持)不符合。
✅ 考点:实义动词词义辨析

13. (2025·辽宁沈阳)Don’t worry about me. I can ______ myself.
A. look at  B. look for  C. look out  D. look after
**答案:D. look after**
解析:句意为“别担心我,我可以照顾自己”。look after(照顾)符合;look at(看)、look for(寻找)、look out(当心)不符合。
✅ 考点:动词短语辨析

14. (2025·黑龙江哈尔滨)The earth is our home, and everyone should start with small things to ______ it.
A. protect  B. move  C. leave  D. travel
**答案:B. move**
解析:句意为“地球是我们的家,每个人都应该从小事做起,推动(改善)它”。move(此处表“推动、使进步”)符合;protect(保护)、leave(离开)、travel(旅行)不符合。
✅ 考点:实义动词词义辨析

15. (2025·江西)When we ______ the high-speed train, we often hear the reminder “Watch your step”.
A. put off  B. turn off  C. get off  D. cut off
**答案:C. get off**
解析:句意为“当我们下高铁时,我们经常会听到‘小心脚下’的提醒”。get off(下车/下高铁)符合;put off(推迟)、turn off(关掉)、cut off(切断)不符合。
✅ 考点:动词短语辨析

16. (2025·山西)Stress comes and goes, and sometimes you just need to ______.
A. sit down  B. fall down  C. calm down  D. come down
**答案:C. calm down**
解析:句意为“压力来了又走,有时你只需要冷静下来”。calm down(冷静)符合;sit down(坐下)、fall down(摔倒)、come down(下来)不符合。
✅ 考点:动词短语辨析

17. (2025·吉林)Come on, Alice. Don’t be too hard on yourself. Everyone makes mistakes, and we should ______ ourselves and keep a sense of humor.
A. believe in  B. look after  C. depend on  D. laugh at
**答案:D. laugh at**
解析:句意为“加油,Alice,别对自己太苛刻,每个人都会犯错,我们要调侃自己,保持幽默感”。laugh at(此处表“调侃、不较真”,符合语境);believe in(相信)、look after(照顾)、depend on(依靠)不符合。
✅ 考点:动词短语辨析

18. (2025·江苏南京)— Zhu Yangzhu was ______ the China Youth May Fourth Medal in 2023.
— Congratulations! He is the pride of Xuzhou Peixian.
A. presented  B. provided  C. prepared  D. promised
**答案:A. presented**
解析:句意为“——朱杨柱在2023年被授予中国青年五四奖章。——恭喜!他是沛县徐州的骄傲”。present(授予/颁发)符合;provide(提供)、prepare(准备)、promise(承诺)不符合。
✅ 考点:实义动词词义辨析(被动语态)

19. (2025·浙江宁波)— Now we need to think of a plan to tell people about our book sale.
— I think we can ______ a sign.
A. put off  B. put up  C. put in  D. put down
**答案:B. put up**
解析:句意为“——现在我们需要想一个计划,告诉人们我们的图书促销活动。——我觉得我们可以张贴一个标识”。put up(张贴)符合;put off(推迟)、put in(投入)、put down(放下)不符合。
✅ 考点:动词短语辨析

20. (2025·山东青岛)When David sees these postcards, he will ______ his wonderful travel experiences.
A. remember  B. borrow  C. hate  D. trust
**答案:A. remember**
解析:句意为“当David看到这些明信片时,他会想起他精彩的旅行经历”。remember(想起/记得)符合;borrow(借)、hate(讨厌)、trust(信任)不符合。
✅ 考点:实义动词词义辨析

21. (2025·广东深圳)— Millie, can you help us ______ the crane?
— Sure. They are very tall with long legs and long necks.
A. count  B. describe  C. raise  D. protect
**答案:C. raise**
解析:句意为“——Millie,你能帮我们抬起鹤吗?——好的,它们很高,有长长的腿和长长的脖子”。raise(抬起/举起)符合;count(数)、describe(描述)、protect(保护)不符合。
✅ 考点:实义动词词义辨析

22. (2025·湖北襄阳)I have been busy preparing for the exam recently, so I have to ______ the chance to go to the concert.
— What a pity! Let’s go together next time.
A. set up  B. give up  C. cheer up  D. fix up
**答案:B. give up**
解析:句意为“我最近在忙着准备考试,不得不放弃去音乐会的机会。——真可惜!我们下次一起去”。give up(放弃)符合;set up(建立)、cheer up(振作)、fix up(修理)不符合。
✅ 考点:动词短语辨析

23. (2025·河北唐山)To have more classrooms, we are ______ a new teaching building.
A. putting up  B. putting out  C. putting in  D. putting down
答案:A. putting up
解析:句意为“要拥有更多教室,我们正在建造一栋新教学楼”。put up(建造/搭建)符合;put out(扑灭)、put in(投入)、put down(放下)不符合。
✅ 考点:动词短语辨析(现在进行时)

24. (2025·河南郑州)Helen, ______ the lights when you leave the room.
— OK, Mr. Smith. I will.
A. turn on  B. turn off  C. turn up  D. turn down
答案:B. turn off
解析:句意为“Helen,你离开房间时关掉灯。——好的,史密斯先生,我知道了”。turn off(关掉)符合;turn on(打开)、turn up(调大)、turn down(调小)不符合。
✅ 考点:动词短语辨析


三、家长&学生专属学习指南(直接照着做)

给学生:3步搞定动词专题

1

第一步:背短语:按上面的分类表,每天背1组动词短语,结合例句写1个句子,加深理解,避免死记硬背。

2

第二步:刷真题:把这份真题刷2遍,第一遍自己做,第二遍对照解析,标注每道题的考点,整理错题本。

3

第三步:练写作:把高频短语用到作文里,比如用 `take part in` 代替 `join`,用 `put up` 代替 `hang`,作文直接提分。

给家长:2个方法帮孩子高效复习

1

分层打卡:按「系动词→实义动词→动词短语→真题」的顺序,每天给孩子布置1个小任务,比如今天背look相关短语,明天刷5道真题,循序渐进不焦虑。

2

场景记忆:结合生活场景帮孩子理解短语,比如 `turn off the light`(关灯)、`look after yourself`(照顾自己),让孩子在语境中记忆,记得更牢。


四、补充福利:动词易错题避坑指南

1

避坑1:感官动词后接形容词,不是副词!例:The flower smells nice.(√)The flower smells nicely.(×)

2

避坑2:非延续性动词不能与时间段连用!现在完成时中,buy→have,leave→be away,join→be in,die→be dead。

3

避坑3:动词短语的介词不能丢!比如 `listen to`、`look at`、`take care of`,被动语态要保留介词。

4

避坑4:`hope` 不能接 `sb. to do sth.`,只能接 `hope to do sth.` 或 `hope that 从句`!


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