东北师范大学-英语专业基础-英美文学题型分析
样题
2023年
PART 1 British Literature (75 points)
I. Explain the following terms. (5 points for each, 10 in total)
1. Blank verse
2. Romanticism
II. Name the authors of the following quotations. (2 points for each, 20 in total)
1. There also was a Nun, a Prioress, / Her way of smiling very simple and coy. / Her greatest oath was only “By St Loy!”
2. Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions, fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to the same diseases, healed by the same means, warmed and cooled by the same winter and summer, as a Christian is?
3. A sound magician is a mighty god. / Here, Faustus, tire thy brains to gain a deity.
4. Our two souls, therefore, which are one, / Though I must go, endure not yet / A breach, but an expansion, / Like gold to aery thinness beat.
5. It is enough to tell you, that as some of my worst comrades, who are out of the way of doing me harm (having gone out of the world by the steps and the string, as I often expected to go), knew me by the name of Moll Flanders...
6. Thou wast not bom for death, immortal Bird! / No hungry generations tread thee down; / The voice I hear this passing night was heard/n ancient days by emperor and clown...
7. “I am a very little boy, sir, and it is so - so-...lonely, sir! So very lonely!”
8. Mr. Heathcliff was there laid on his back, His eyes met mine so keen and fierce, I started; and then he seemed to smile. I could not think him dead: but his face and throat were washed with rain the bedclothes dripped, and he was perfectly still. ... when I put my fingers to it, I could doubt no more: he was dead and stark!
9. “Justice” was done, and the President of the Immortals, in Aeschylean phrase, had ended his sport with Tess
10. ESTRAGON: Well, shall we go?
VLADIMIR: Yes, let’s go.
[They do not move.]
III. Comment on the following statements. (5 points for each, 20 in total)
1. Emotional ties, then, and personal relationships generally, play a very minor part in Robinson Crusoe, except when they are focused on economic matters.
2. Keats believed in the concept of “Negative capability”. By this he meant an ideal of openmindedness, of “let[ting] the mind be a thoroughfare for all thoughts”.
3. “I wished to show, in little Oliver, the principle of Good surviving through every adverse circumstance, and triumphing at last.”
4. Absurd is that which is devoid of purpose. … Cut off from his religious, metaphysical, and transcendental roots, man is lost; all his actions become senseless, absurd, useless.
IV. Translate the following excerpts into Chinese. (5 points for each, 25 in total)
1. But yet I know that our knight and the noble lady / Were accorded so closely in company there, With the seemly solace of their secret words, / With speeches wellsped, spotless and pure... (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight)
2. He was an inch, perhaps two, under six feet, powerfully built, and he advanced straight at you with a slight stoop of the shoulders, head forward, and a fixed fromunder stare which made you think of a charging bull. (Joseph Conrad, Lord Jim)
3. ...a boy of good make and mind, with the tokens on him of a refined nature, cast upon the world without provision, unable to say whence he came, his birthplace or his family connections. (John Henry Newman)
4.As when of old some orator renowned
In Athens or free Rome, where eloquence
Flourished, since mute, to some great cause addressed,
Stood in himself collected, while each part,
Motion, each act won audience ere the tongue,
Sometimes in height began, as no delay
Of preface brooking through his zeal of right.
So standing, moving, or to height upgrown
The tempter all impassioned thus began.
(John Milton, Paradise Lost)
5. In Waiting for Godot, the feeling of uncertainty it produces, the ebb and flow of this uncertainty from the hope of discovering the identity of Godot to its repeated disappointment — are themselves the essence of the play. Any endeavour to arrive at a clear and certain interpretation by establishing the identity of Godot through
critical analysis would be as foolish as trying to discover the clear outlines hidden behind the chiaroscuro of a painting by Rembrandt by scraping away the paint. (Martin Esslin, The Theatre of the Absurd)
PART 2 American Literature
(75 points)
I. Explain the following terms. (5 points for each, 10 in total)
1. American Naturalism
2. The Sun Also Rises
II. Name the authors of the following quotations. (2 points for each, 20 in total)
1. Call me Ishmael.
2. In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over in my mind ever since. “Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone,” he told me, “just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.”
3. When I wrote the following pages, or rather the bulk of them, I lived alone, in the woods, a mile from any neighbor, in a house which I had built myself, on the shore of Walden Pond, in Concord Massachusetts, and earned my living by the labor of my hands only.
4. He that hath a trade, hath an estate.
5. He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish.
6. The authority which we have chiefly followed-a manuscript of old date, drawn up from the verbal testimony of individuals, some of whom had known Hester Prynne, while others had heard the tale from contemporary witnessesfully confirms the view taken in the foregoing pages.
7. Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,/And sorry I could not travel both/And be one traveler, long I stood/And looked down one as far as I could / To where it bent in the undergrowth;
8. Oh Captain! My Captain! / Our fearful trip is done, / The ship has weather’d every rack, /the prize we sought is won...
9. It is easy to see that a greater selfreliance must work a revolution in all the offices and relations of men; in their religion; in their education; in their pursuits; their modes of living, their association; in their property; in their speculative views.
10. You don’t know about me without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, but that ain’t no matter.
III. Comment on the following statements. (5 points for each, 20 in total)
1. I look for the hour when that supreme Beauty which ravished the souls of those Eastern men, and chiefly of those Hebrews, and through their lips spoke oracles to all time, shall speak in the West also. (Ralph Waldo Emerson’s The American Scholar)
2. All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckle berry Finn. (Emest Hemingway)
3. So we beat on, boats against the current, bome back ceaselessly into the past. (The Great Gatsby)
4. I am the poet of the body, /And I am the poet of the soul. (Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass)
IV. Translate the following excerpts into Chinese. (5 points for each, 25 in total)
1. 1. The trees had been stripped by a recent wind of their white covering of frost, and they seemed to lean towards each other, black and ominous, in the fading light. (Jack London, White Fang)
2. If you really want to hear about it, the first thing you’ll probably want to know is where I was born, an what my lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap, but I don't feel like going into it, if you want to know the truth. (Joseph Salinger, The Cather in the Rye)
3. There is really nothing more to sayexcept why, But since why is difficult to handle, one must take refuge in how. (Toni Morrison, The Bluest Eyes)
4. She was eighteen years of age, bright, timid, and full of the illusions of ignorance and youth. (Theodore Dreiser, Sister Carrie)
5. If there is anything on the planet that she is not interested in, it is not in my list. (Mark Twain, The Diaries of Adam and Eve）
2021年
PART 1 British Literature
(75 points)
I. Explain the following terms. (5 points for each, 10 in total)
1. Stream of Consciousness
2. Sentimentalism
II. Answer the following short questions. (25 in total)
1. Briefly comment on Geoffrey Chaucer’s contribution to English literature. (5 points)
2. Give a brief comment on the genre Epic with an example. (5 points)
3. Briefly elaborate on the character of Pamela of the name-sake novel. (5 points)
4. Give a comparison of the two “ChimneySweeper” in Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience
respectively. (10 points)
III. Paraphrase the following sentences. (5 points for each, 15 in total)
1. Poets, like painters, thus unskill’d to trace / The naked nature and the living grace. (Alexander Pope, An Essay on Criticism)
2. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. (Francis Bacon, Of Studies)
3. And we are here as on a darkling plain/ Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, /Where ignorant armies clash by night. (Mathew Arnold, Dover Beach)
IV. Comment on the following poem (25 points)
When I am dead, my dearest,
Sing no sad songs for me,
Plant thou no roses at my head,
Be the green grass above me
With showers and dewdrops wet;
And if thou wilt, remember,
And if thou wilt, forget.
I shall not see the shadows,
I shall not feel the rain,
I shall not hear the nightingale
Sing on, as if in pain;
And dreaming through the twilight
That doth not rise nor set,
Haply I may remember,
And haply may forget.
PART 2 American Literature (75 points)
I. Explain the following terms. (5 points for each, 10 in total)
1. The Lost Generation
2. The Southern Renaissance
II. Answer the following short questions. (25 points in total)
1. Briefly comment on the significance of Ralph Emerson in American literature. (5 points)
2. Give a brief comment on Theatre of the Absurd in American literature with an example. (5 points)
3. Give an analysis of the character Holden Caulfield from Catcher in the Rye. (5 points)
4. Comment on American Local Colorism. (10 points)
III. Paraphrase the following sentences. (5 points for each, 15 in total)
1. From his halfitinerant life, also, he was a kind of travelling gazette, carrying the whole budget of local gossip
from house to house, so that his appearance was always greeted with satisfaction. (Washington Irving, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow)
2. She laid the purse on the table and sat down with the cup of chilled coffee, and thought: I was right not to be afraid of any thief but myself, who will end by leaving me nothing. (Katherine Anne Porter, Theft)
3. What the genius wanted was spontaneity, and spontaneity, as he understood it, involves a denial not merely of decorum, but of something that, as I have said, goes deeper than decorumnamely the doctrine of imitation. (Irving Babbitt, Rousseau and Romanticism)
IV. Comment on the following passage. (25 points)
During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country; and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher. I know not how it wasbut, with the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit. say insufferable; for the feeling was unrelieved by any of that half-pleasurable, because poetic, sentiment, with which the mind usually receives even the sternest natural images of the desolate or terrible. I looked upon the scene before me upon the mere house, and the simple landscape features of the domainupon the bleak walls upon the vacant eyelike windows upon a few rank sedges and upon a few white trunks of decayed trees with an utter depression of soul which I can compare to no earthly sensation more properly than to the afterdream of the reveller upon opiumthe bitter lapse into everyday life the hideous dropping off of the veil. There was an iciness, a sinking, a sickening of the heart an unredeemed dreariness of thought which no goading of the imagination could torture into aught of the sublime.
What was it paused to thinkwhat was it that so unnerved me in the contemplation of the House of Usher?
It was a mystery all insoluble, nor could l grapple with the shadowy fancies that crowded upon me as l pondered.
I was forced to fall back upon the unsatisfactory conclusion, that while, beyond doubt, there are combinations of very simple natural objects which have the power of thus affecting us, still the analysis of this power lies among considerations beyond our depth. It was possible, I reflected, that a mere different arrangement of the particulars of the scene, of the details of the picture, would be sufficient to modify, or perhaps to annihilate its capacity for sorrowful impression, and, acting upon this idea, I reined my horse tothe precipitous brink of a black and lurid tam that lay in unruffled lustre by the dwelling, and gazed down but with a shudder even more thrilling than beforeupon the remodelled and inverted images of the gray sedge, and the ghastly treestems, and the vacant and eyelike windows.
题型分析
一、题型特点
（一）题型稳定且全面，覆盖多维度考查
题型包括术语解释、选择 / 判断 / 填空、作品 - 作者匹配、文本分析（诗歌 / 小说 / 戏剧节选）、翻译 。 分值分布均衡，英国文学与美国文学各占 75 分（合卷前各 50 分），主观题占比超 60%，侧重深度理解与表达。
（二）考查范围明确，聚焦核心知识点
时间跨度覆盖中世纪至 20 世纪文学，重点集中在文艺复兴、浪漫主义、现实主义、现代主义等核心时期。 高频考点包括：经典作家作品识别（如莎士比亚、狄更斯、福克纳）、文学流派特征（如玄学派诗歌、意象派、南方哥特式文学）、核心术语（如荒诞派戏剧、意识流、超验主义）、作品文本主题与写作手法分析。
（三）注重文本细读，强调理论与实例结合
文本分析题常给出诗歌、小说或戏剧节选，要求解读主题、修辞、人物形象等（如《失乐园》《红字》片段分析），需结合文本细节作答。 论述题需融合文学理论与作品实例，如 “评论华兹华斯诗歌中人与自然的关系”-生态批评文学理论角度。
（四）新增翻译题型，强化语言应用能力
2023 年后出现文学文本汉译题型，节选内容多为经典文学作品（如《高文爵士与绿骑士》《白牙》），考查文学性语言的精准转换能力。
二、准备思路
（一）基础阶段：搭建知识框架，夯实核心考点（3-6 个月）
梳理文学发展史：按 “每个文学时期 - 文学流派 - 艺术创作特色（常见主题、人物塑造、写作技巧、语言风格、代表作家作品）” 构建思维导图，重点标注真题中的高频考点（如浪漫主义诗人的创作主张、现实主义小说的社会批判主题）。 背诵核心术语：整理文学流派（如 Neoclassicism、Imagism）、修辞方法（如 Transferred epithet、Dramatic Monologue）、理论概念（如 Negative capability、Stream of Consciousness）。按 “定义、特点、代表作家作品实例” 构建思维导图 经典作品赏析：按 “作品地位、写作手法、体裁、情节梗概、主题-能结合作品内容细节分析相应主题、人物形象塑造” 构建思维导图, 重点关注情节梗概、人物形象、主题思想及标志性段落。（如《傲慢与偏见》《呼啸山庄》《老人与海》） 重要作家写作特色：按“作家所属时期、重要地位/头衔/奖项、代表作、常见主题、人物塑造、写作技巧、语言风格--最好能结合作品阐述作品如何体现了这些创作特点”构建思维导图。 重要文学理论：按“定义、特点、从理论角度赏析作品”构建思维导图。
（二）强化阶段：聚焦真题训练，提升答题技巧（3-4 个月）
术语解释：采用 “定义 + 特征 + 实例” 模式作答（如解释 “Byronic Hero” 需说明核心特质并举例《唐璜》中的主人公）。 文本分析：遵循 “定位文本特征 - 结合自己整理的作品赏析知识框架分析 - 总结核心意义” 思路，注重引用文本细节支撑观点。 限时模拟答题：按真题分值和时间分配进行模拟，训练快速提炼考点、组织语言的能力，尤其提升主观题的逻辑连贯性。
（三）冲刺阶段：查漏补缺，强化知识迁移（1-2 个月）
梳理高频考点：统计真题中重复出现的作家、流派和题型，针对性强化薄弱环节（如 20 世纪美国戏剧、英国玄学派诗歌）。 积累答题素材：整理经典作品的核心主题、写作手法案例，以及文学流派的对比分析（如英美浪漫主义的异同），便于答题时快速调用。 强化翻译训练：选取经典文学文本片段进行汉译练习，注重文学性表达的准确性，避免直译导致的生硬感。
（四）关键注意事项
关注真题规律：真题中反复出现的作家（如莎士比亚、狄更斯、海明威）和主题（如人性、社会批判、文化冲突）需重点掌握。 平衡英美文学：英国文学侧重传统流派与经典戏剧、诗歌，美国文学侧重本土特色流派（如超验主义、南方文学），需合理分配复习时间。 规范答题表达：主观题答题术语使用准确，逻辑清晰，避免语言错误。
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