万词千面:中考英语多音多义核心词汇完全攻克手册
引言:词汇学习的“钥匙”与“迷宫”
英语词汇,尤其是一词多义与一词多音现象,是许多中考考生在冲刺阶段感到困惑与棘手的领域。这不仅是语言丰富性的体现,也是考试中区分度较高的考点。掌握这些词汇,就如同掌握了开启阅读理解、完形填空、单项选择乃至写作大门的“金钥匙”。然而,若缺乏系统梳理,它也可能成为一座令人迷失的“迷宫”。本手册旨在化“迷宫”为“通途”,以科学方法、海量实例与实战技巧,助您在2026年丙午马年的中考战场上,马到成功,一鸣惊人。
本手册将系统性地从多音词、多义词、熟词僻义、同形异义词、核心短语动词等多个维度,结合真题语境、记忆心法与海量练习,构建完备的备考体系。让我们即刻启程。
第一章:多音词深度解析(音变则义迁)
多音词(Heteronyms)是指拼写相同,但发音不同,进而导致词性与核心词义发生根本变化的词汇。这是中考听力、语用考查的重中之重。
第一节:名词与动词的经典转换(重音移位型)
这是最常见、最高频的一类。规律常为:名前动后。即名词/形容词时,重音在第一个音节;动词时,重音在第二个音节。
1. CONduct vs conDUCT
CONduct /ˈkɒndʌkt/ n. 行为,举止,管理方式
His professional conduct was highly praised.(他的职业操守备受赞扬。)
The study of electricity conduct.(对电传导的研究。)
conDUCT /kənˈdʌkt/ v. 组织,实施,进行;指挥(乐队);传导(热、电)
The research was conducted by a famous university.(这项研究由一所著名大学进行。)
Copper conducts electricity well.(铜的导电性能好。)
2. CONflict vs conFLICT
CONflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. 冲突,矛盾,斗争
There is a conflict between his words and actions.(他的言行不一致。)
armed conflict(武装冲突)
conFLICT /kənˈflɪkt/ v. 冲突,抵触,不一致
His opinion conflicts with mine.(他的意见和我的相左。)
The two meetings conflict in time.(两个会议在时间上冲突。)
3. DEcrease vs deCREASE
DEcrease /ˈdiːkriːs/ n. 减少,降低
There has been a significant decrease in pollution.(污染已显著减少。)
deCREASE /dɪˈkriːs/ v. 减少,减小
The government wants to decrease traffic accidents.(政府希望减少交通事故。)
4. INcrease vs inCREASE
INcrease /ˈɪŋkriːs/ n. 增加,增长
There was a sharp increase in prices.(价格急剧上涨。)
inCREASE /ɪnˈkriːs/ v. 增加,增长
The population is increasing rapidly.(人口正在快速增长。)
5. PERmit vs perMIT
PERmit /ˈpɜːmɪt/ n. 许可证,执照
You need a parking permit here.(你在这里需要停车许可证。)
perMIT /pəˈmɪt/ v. 允许,许可
Smoking is not permitted in the library.(图书馆内不准吸烟。)
6. PROduce vs proDUCE
PROduce /ˈprɒdjuːs/ n. 农产品(集合名词)
Fresh local produce is sold at the market.(市场上出售新鲜的当地农产品。)
proDUCE /prəˈdjuːs/ v. 生产,制造;引起;出示;制作(电影/节目)
This factory produces cars.(这家工厂生产汽车。)
The movie was produced by a famous director.(这部电影是由一位著名导演制作的。)
7. PROgress vs proGRESS
PROgress /ˈprəʊɡres/ n. 进步,进展
She has made great progress in English.(她在英语方面取得了巨大进步。)
proGRESS /prəˈɡres/ v. 进展,进步
Work on the new building is progressing quickly.(新大楼的工程进展迅速。)
8. REcord vs reCORD
REcord /ˈrekɔːd/ n. 记录;唱片;最高纪录
He broke the world record in the race.(他打破了该比赛的世界纪录。)
Keep a record of your expenses.(记下你的开销。)
reCORD /rɪˈkɔːd/ v. 记录;录制;记载
The interview was recorded for the news.(这次采访被录下来用于新闻。)
9. REfuse vs reFUSE
REfuse /ˈrefjuːs/ n. 垃圾,废物(正式用语)
Please put the refuse in the bin.(请把垃圾放进垃圾箱。)
reFUSE /rɪˈfjuːz/ v. 拒绝
He refused to answer the question.(他拒绝回答这个问题。)
10. SUBject vs subJECT
SUBject /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ n. 主题,学科;主语;(君主国)国民
Math is my favorite subject.(数学是我最喜欢的科目。)
the subjects of the king(国王的臣民)
subJECT /səbˈdʒekt/ v. 使遭受,使经受(常与to连用)
The city was subjected to heavy bombing.(这座城市遭受了猛烈轰炸。)
All products are subjected to strict testing.(所有产品都经过严格测试。)
第二节:发音迥异型(元音或辅音发生变化)
这类词的发音变化不局限于重音,元音或关键辅音也发生改变,词义关联度可能较低,需特别记忆。
1. bass
/beɪs/ n. 低音;低音乐器(如贝斯);男低音
He plays the bass guitar.(他弹低音吉他。)
/bæs/ n. 鲈鱼
We caught a large bass.(我们钓到一条大鲈鱼。)
2. bow
/bəʊ/ n. 弓;蝴蝶结;琴弓
She tied the ribbon in a bow.(她把丝带打成一个蝴蝶结。)
violin bow(小提琴的弓)
/baʊ/ v. 鞠躬,点头;屈服 n. 船头
The actors bow at the end of the play.(演员们在剧终时鞠躬。)
the bow of the ship(船头)
3. lead
/liːd/ v. 带领,引导;导致;过(某种生活) n. 领先地位;榜样;线索
She will lead the project.(她将领导这个项目。)
The detective followed a new lead.(侦探循着一条新线索。)
/led/ n. 铅(金属元素);铅笔芯
The box was heavy, as if filled with lead.(这个盒子很重,好像装满了铅。)
My pencil needs more lead.(我的铅笔需要加铅芯了。)
4. read
/riːd/ v. (现在式/将来式)阅读
I read a book every week.(我每周读一本书。)
/red/ v. (过去式/过去分词)阅读
I read that novel last year.(我去年读了那本小说。)
She has read all his works.(她读了他所有的作品。)
5. tear
/tɪə(r)/ n. 眼泪
Her eyes were filled with tears.(她眼眶含泪。)
/teə(r)/ v. 撕破,撕开;狂奔 n. 破洞,裂缝
Be careful not to tear the page.(小心别撕破书页。)
The kids tore down the hill.(孩子们冲下了山。)
There's a tear in his jacket.(他的夹克上有个口子。)
6. wind
/wɪnd/ n. 风;气息;风声
A cold wind blew from the north.(一阵冷风从北方吹来。)
get wind of something(听到…的风声)
/waɪnd/ v. 蜿蜒;缠绕;上发条;使喘不过气(wind sb)
The path winds through the forest.(小路蜿蜒穿过森林。)
I need to wind up the clock.(我需要给钟上发条。)
The blow winded him.(那一击打得他喘不过气。)
7. wound
/waʊnd/ n. 伤口,创伤 v. (wound的过去分词)受伤
He had a deep wound on his leg.(他腿上有一道深深的伤口。)
The soldier was badly wounded in battle.(这名士兵在战斗中受了重伤。)
/waʊnd/ v. (wind的过去分词)缠绕,蜿蜒
The river wound its way to the sea.(这条河蜿蜒入海。)
She had wound the scarf around her neck.(她把围巾绕在脖子上。)
8. minute
/ˈmɪnɪt/ n. 分钟;片刻,瞬间;会议记录
Wait a minute!(等一下!)
the minutes of the meeting(会议纪要)
/maɪˈnjuːt/ adj. 微小的,细微的;详细的
The exam requires minute attention to detail.(考试需要极其注意细节。)
minute particles(微小的颗粒)
9. live
/lɪv/ v. 居住;活着;生活
Where do you live?(你住在哪里?)
live a happy life(过着幸福的生活)
/laɪv/ adj. 活的,有生命的;现场直播的;带电的;当前重要的 adv. 现场地
We watched a live football match on TV.(我们在电视上观看了一场现场直播的足球赛。)
a live wire(带电的电线)
The band is performing live tonight.(乐队今晚将现场表演。)
10. close
/kləʊz/ v. 关闭;结束;靠近
Close the door, please.(请关上门。)
The shop closes at 8 PM.(商店晚上8点关门。)
/kləʊs/ adj. 接近的;亲密的;仔细的;势均力敌的 adv. 靠近地
My house is close to the station.(我家离车站很近。)
a close friend(一位密友)
Pay close attention.(请密切注意。)
a close game(一场势均力敌的比赛)
11. use
/juːz/ v. 使用,利用
May I use your phone?(我可以用一下你的电话吗?)
/juːs/ n. 使用,用途;效用
This tool has many uses.(这个工具有多种用途。)
What's the use of worrying?(担心有什么用呢?)
12. abuse
/əˈbjuːs/ n. 滥用;虐待;辱骂
drug abuse(滥用药物)
child abuse(虐待儿童)
/əˈbjuːz/ v. 滥用;虐待;辱骂
He abused his power as a manager.(他滥用自己作为经理的权力。)
13. house
/haʊs/ n. 房屋;机构;议院
They live in a big house.(他们住在一所大房子里。)
the House of Commons(下议院)
/haʊz/ v. 给…房子住;收藏,容纳
The building can house 500 students.(这栋楼能容纳500名学生。)
The museum houses a valuable collection.(博物馆收藏着一批珍贵的藏品。)
14. excuse
/ɪkˈskjuːs/ n. 借口,理由
There's no excuse for being late.(迟到没有借口。)
/ɪkˈskjuːz/ v. 原谅;为…辩解;免除
Please excuse my bad handwriting.(请原谅我字迹潦草。)
He was excused from the meeting.(他被允许不参加会议。)
15. content
/ˈkɒntent/ n. 内容;容量;含量;[复数] 目录,所含之物
the content of the book(这本书的内容)
the contents of the box(盒子里的东西)
/kənˈtent/ adj. 满足的,满意的 v. 使满足
He seems content with his life.(他似乎对自己的生活很满意。)
Simple pleasures content him.(简单的乐趣就能让他满足。)
16. present
/ˈpreznt/ n. 礼物;现在 adj. 出席的,在场的;现在的
a birthday present(生日礼物)
at the present time(在目前)
All students were present.(所有学生都出席了。)
/prɪˈzent/ v. 呈现,提出;赠送;介绍,引见;上演
He will present his report tomorrow.(他明天将作报告。)
May I present Mr. Smith to you?(请允许我向您介绍史密斯先生。)
17. separate
/ˈseprət/ adj. 分开的,单独的;不同的
They have separate rooms.(他们有各自的房间。)
That's a separate issue.(那是另一个问题。)
/ˈsepəreɪt/ v. 分开,分离;区分
Separate the eggs.(把蛋清和蛋黄分开。)
A river separates the two cities.(一条河将这两座城市分开。)
18. alternate
/ˈɔːltəneɪt/ v. (使)交替,(使)轮流
Rainy days alternated with sunny days.(雨天和晴天交替出现。)
/ɔːlˈtɜːnət/ adj. 交替的,轮流的;间隔的;供替换的
on alternate days(每隔一天)
an alternate plan(备用计划)
19. articulate
/ɑːˈtɪkjuleɪt/ v. 清晰地发音;明确表达;用关节连接
He finds it hard to articulate his feelings.(他觉得很难表达自己的感情。)
/ɑːˈtɪkjələt/ adj. 表达清楚的;口齿清晰的
an articulate speaker(一位口才好的演讲者)
20. compact
/ˈkɒmpækt/ n. 契约,协议;小粉盒;小型汽车
a compact between two countries(两国间的协定)
/kəmˈpækt/ adj. 紧凑的,小巧的;紧密的 v. 把…压实
a compact camera(袖珍相机)
compact the soil(把土压实)
21. compound
/ˈkɒmpaʊnd/ n. 复合物,化合物;大院,场地
a chemical compound(化合物)
a prison compound(监狱大院)
/kəmˈpaʊnd/ v. 使恶化,使复杂化;混合
The problem was compounded by bad weather.(糟糕的天气使问题更加复杂。)
22. conduct
/ˈkɒndʌkt/ n. 行为,举止;管理(方式)
professional conduct(职业操守)
/kənˈdʌkt/ v. 组织,实施;指挥;传导
conduct an experiment(做实验)
conduct electricity(导电)
23. conflict
/ˈkɒnflɪkt/ n. 冲突,矛盾
a family conflict(家庭矛盾)
/kənˈflɪkt/ v. 冲突,抵触
His story conflicts with the facts.(他的说法与事实不符。)
24. console
/ˈkɒnsəʊl/ n. (机器、乐器的)控制台,仪表板;游戏机
a games console(游戏机)
/kənˈsəʊl/ v. 安慰,慰藉
She tried to console the crying child.(她试图安慰那个哭泣的孩子。)
25. contest
/ˈkɒntest/ n. 比赛,竞赛
a singing contest(唱歌比赛)
/kənˈtest/ v. 竞争,争夺;质疑,辩驳
She will contest the championship.(她将角逐冠军。)
contest a will(对遗嘱提出异议)
26. contract
/ˈkɒntrækt/ n. 合同,契约
sign a contract(签订合同)
/kənˈtrækt/ v. 签订合同;感染(疾病);收缩
The company contracted to build the bridge.(这家公司签约承建这座桥。)
contract a disease(染病)
Metals contract when cooled.(金属遇冷收缩。)
27. converse
/ˈkɒnvɜːs/ n. 相反的事物;反面说法
The converse is also true.(反之亦然。)
/kənˈvɜːs/ v. 交谈,谈话
They were conversing in the corner.(他们在角落里交谈。)
28. convict
/ˈkɒnvɪkt/ n. 囚犯,已决犯
an escaped convict(逃犯)
/kənˈvɪkt/ v. 宣判…有罪
He was convicted of murder.(他被判谋杀罪。)
29. default
/dɪˈfɔːlt/ n. 违约;弃权;默认(值) v. 违约;弃权
by default(因对方弃权而获胜;默认情况下)
He defaulted on his loan.(他拖欠贷款。)
/ˈdiːfɔːlt/ (计算机语境) n. 默认(值)
Restore to default settings.(恢复到默认设置。)
30. desert
/ˈdezət/ n. 沙漠
the Sahara Desert(撒哈拉沙漠)
/dɪˈzɜːt/ v. 抛弃,遗弃;擅离(职守)
He deserted his family.(他抛弃了他的家庭。)
A soldier who deserts will be punished.(逃兵将受惩罚。)
/dɪˈzɜːt/ n. [通常用复数] 应得的赏罚
get one's just deserts(得到应得的赏罚/报应)
31. digest
/ˈdaɪdʒest/ n. 摘要,文摘
a monthly news digest(月度新闻摘要)
/daɪˈdʒest/ v. 消化(食物);理解,领会
Some foods are hard to digest.(有些食物难以消化。)
| It took me a while to digest the news.(我花了一些时间来消化这个消息。)
32. discharge
/ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/ n. 排出物;排放;退伍;放电
the discharge of waste(废物的排放)
/dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ v. 允许离开;排出;履行(职责)
The patient was discharged from hospital.(病人出院了。)
| discharge one's duties(履行职责)
33. discount
/ˈdɪskaʊnt/ n. 折扣
a 20% discount(八折)
/dɪsˈkaʊnt/ v. 打折扣;不理会,不重视
The store discounted all its winter clothes.(这家商店所有的冬装都打折。)
| We cannot discount the possibility of failure.(我们不能忽视失败的可能性。)
34. entrance
/ˈentrəns/ n. 入口;进入(权);入学
the main entrance(主入口)
entrance examination(入学考试)
/ɪnˈtrɑːns/ v. 使者迷,使狂喜
The audience was entranced by her performance.(观众被她的表演迷住了。)
35. exploit
/ˈeksplɔɪt/ n. 功绩,英勇行为
the exploits of a hero(英雄的丰功伟绩)
/ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ v. 剥削;利用;开发
exploit natural resources(开发自然资源)
| exploit workers(剥削工人)
36. extract
/ˈekstrækt/ n. 提取物;摘录
vanilla extract(香草精)
an extract from a novel(小说节选)
/ɪkˈstrækt/ v. 取出,拔出;提取;获得
extract a tooth(拔牙)
| extract information(获取信息)
37. frequent
/ˈfriːkwənt/ adj. 频繁的,常见的
a frequent visitor(常客)
/frɪˈkwent/ v. 常去,时常出入于
He frequents that café.(他经常去那家咖啡馆。)