Day81｜短文填空：新中考15分大题，语法+词汇的综合考查
⏳ 距离2026中考还有：81天
📍 你已经坚持：66天
🎯 今日目标：掌握短文填空解题技巧，拿下15分新题型
昨天我们练了补全对话，今天来讲另一个新中考的重头戏——短文填空。
根据2025年河北中考改革，短文填空是“语言运用”部分的重点题型，共15个空，分值15分。这个题型其实就是原来的“词语运用”升级版——从10空变成了15空，难度也相应提高了。
今天我就带你彻底搞懂短文填空考什么、怎么考、怎么拿分。
一、短文填空是什么？
短文填空是在一篇短文中留出15个空白，要求考生根据上下文和括号内提示，填写正确的单词形式。
两种考查形式：
类型 数量 考查内容
有提示词 约11空 动词时态/语态、名词复数/所有格、形容词/副词比较级、词性转换
无提示词（盲填） 约4空 冠词(a/an/the)、介词(in/on/at)、连词(and/but/because)、代词(it/they)
二、命题规律
根据河北省历年中考分析，短文填空的考点分布如下：
词类 考查形式 占比
动词 时态、语态、非谓语（-ing/-ed/to do） 最高
名词 单复数、所有格、词性转化 高
形容词/副词 原级/比较级/最高级、词性互转 中
代词 主格/宾格/形代/名代/反身代词 中
数词 基数词变序数词 低
盲填 冠词、介词、连词 约4空
三、解题四步法
根据临漳县初中英语教研团队的备考策略，短文填空的答题思路是：
第一步：通读全文，理解大意（2分钟）
先跳过空格快速读一遍，了解文章在讲什么、什么时态、什么情感基调。
第二步：分析成分，确定词性（5分钟）
根据句子结构判断空格需要什么词性：
· 主谓之间缺什么？→ 动词
· 名词前缺什么？→ 形容词/冠词
· 修饰动词缺什么？→ 副词
第三步：分析语境，确定词形（5分钟）
有提示词的情况：
· 动词 → 判断时态（看时间状语）、语态（主动/被动）、非谓语（to do/doing/done）
· 名词 → 判断单复数、是否所有格
· 形容词/副词 → 判断是否用比较级/最高级、是否变副词
· 代词 → 判断用主格/宾格/形代/名代/反身
无提示词（盲填）的情况：
· 名词前无冠词 → 考虑 a/an/the
· 名词/代词前 → 考虑介词
· 两个句子之间 → 考虑连词
· 动词/介词后缺宾语 → 考虑代词
第四步：正确拼写，再读敲定（3分钟）
填完后通读一遍，检查拼写和语法是否正确。
四、实战演练
【例题1】有提示词
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I still remember the lesson my father taught me. I learned from some of my ______ (classmate) that lying was an easy way out. So I became fond of ______ (lie). When my mother warned me against telling lies, I turned my back on ______ (she). Then one evening, my father and I ______ (be) walking down the street. We saw a car rush into a bookstore. A man said the driver ______ (lie) to his father. He said he could see without glasses, but he ______ (can). Both of them were hurt. My father touched my head ______ (soft). "See, dear, a lie is really harmful!" I realized the huge cost of a lie and ______ (stop) lying from that day on.
【答案与解析】
1. classmates（名词复数，some of + 可数名词复数）
2. lying（介词of后接动名词，lie的动名词是lying）
3. her（介词on后接宾格，指代my mother）
4. were（主语my father and I是复数，过去进行时）
5. had lied（动作发生在过去之前，过去完成时）
6. couldn't（根据上下文，他其实看不见）
7. softly（副词修饰动词touched）
8. stopped（and连接并列谓语，过去时）
【例题2】盲填+有提示词混合
Mr. White is ______ lawyer. He enjoyed ______ (read) in bed when he was at school. It was bad ______ his eyes and he became nearsighted. But he didn't want anybody else ______ (know) about it.
One winter morning, he ______ (send) to a village school on business. He got off ______ bus in an old town. The road to the village wasn't smooth. He fell over several times and it took him two hours ______ (reach) the village.
Suddenly it blew strongly and his hat ______ (blow) off. He had to run after it. The hat ran into a house. "______ strange it is!" he said. And he ran into the house, too. A big woman appeared and stopped him ______ shouting angrily, "What are you running after my hen for!"
【答案与解析】
1. a（盲填，lawyer以辅音音素开头）
2. reading（enjoy doing sth.）
3. for（盲填，be bad for对...有害）
4. to know（want sb. to do sth.）
5. was sent（被动语态，he被派去）
6. a（盲填，get off a bus下公交车）
7. to reach（take sb. time to do sth.）
8. was blown（被动语态，帽子被吹掉）
9. How（盲填，感叹句How + adj. + 主谓）
10. by（盲填，通过某种方式）
五、今日专项练习
【练习1】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last weekend, my family and I went to the beach. It was a ______ (sun) day. The sun ______ (shine) and the wind was gentle. We played in the water and built sandcastles. My little sister was afraid of the ______ (wave), so she ______ (stay) near the shore.
In the afternoon, we had a picnic on the beach. My mother ______ (prepare) sandwiches and fruit. We all enjoyed ______ (we). Finally, we watched the sunset. It was beautiful. We took many ______ (photo).
We had a ______ (wonder) time together. I hope we can go there ______ (two) next year. This experience taught me that spending time with ______ (family) is the happiest thing in life.
【答案】
1. sunny
2. was shining
3. waves
4. stayed
5. had prepared / prepared
6. ourselves
7. photos
8. wonderful
9. again
10. family
【练习2】
Do you know how ______ (stay) healthy? Here are some tips ______ you. First, eat healthy food. Eat more fruit and vegetables, and avoid junk food. ______ (two), exercise every day. You can run, swim or play ball games. Third, get enough sleep. It's important for your body ______ (rest). Finally, keep happy. Try to spend time ______ friends and family.
If you follow ______ (this) tips, you will be healthy and strong. ______ (keep) healthy is not difficult. You just need ______ (make) it a habit. Start today and you ______ (see) the difference!
【答案】
1. to stay
2. for
3. Second
4. to rest
5. with
6. these
7. Keeping
8. to make
9. will see
六、常见错误提醒
错误1：忘记变词性
❌ He is a help boy.
✅ He is a helpful boy.
错误2：时态前后不一致
❌ Last Sunday, I go to the park.
✅ Last Sunday, I went to the park.
错误3：忘记名词复数
❌ There are many child in the park.
✅ There are many children in the park.
错误4：混淆形容词和副词
❌ She sings beautiful.
✅ She sings beautifully.
错误5：盲填时不知道该填什么
技巧：先判断句子成分——缺主语/宾语填代词，缺修饰语填形容词/副词，缺连接填连词。
七、今日总结
【短文填空解题四步法】
步骤 做什么 时间
1. 通读 了解大意、时态、情感 2分钟
2. 分析 判断空格词性 5分钟
3. 确定 根据语境定词形 5分钟
4. 检查 通读全文，核对拼写 3分钟
【有提示词处理口诀】
名词变复数和所有格，动词时态语态非谓语；
形副比较级和词性转，代词格和数要牢记。
【盲填处理口诀】
名前冠词a/an/the，动介后面代词的活；
两句之间连词连，固定搭配介词填。
八、明日预告
明天讲短文填空（二）——更多真题演练，帮你彻底练熟这个题型。
今日金句：
短文填空不难攻，四步方法记心中；先通读后分析，词性词形要搞懂。
