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第一篇：山西悬空寺介绍（含原文、题目、答案、解析、译文）
第一篇围绕山西恒山悬空寺展开，介绍其建于北魏中期，靠嵌入悬崖的粗梁承重而非表面的细支柱，加上崖壁遮挡和山谷气流影响，虽被评为世界十大最危险建筑之一，却已稳固矗立1500多年，是中国古代工程奇迹。
原文
Cultural experts say Shanxi is home to the largest number of ancient buildings in China. Xuankong Temple at Hengshan Mountain in Hunyuan County is no doubt one of the most wonderful examples of such a saying.
Made of wood, tiles and stones during the mid-Northern Wei Dynasty, the temple is made up of two three-story pavilions and a yard linked by staircases and steps. The staircases and steps are lined along the surface of a sheer cliff rising 50 meters above a stream at the foot of the mountain.
Seen from below, Xuankong Temple, which literally means “temple hanging in the sky”, appears terribly dangerous. It is supported only by a few thin stanchions (支柱) standing on protruding (伸出) rocks. For that reason, it was selected by Time magazine as one of the 10 most dangerous buildings in the world in 2010.
Sun Shupeng, an engineer, however, disagreed with the idea that Xuankong Temple is, in fact, a dangerous structure. “The temple has been standing firmly on the Hengshan cliff for more than 1,500 years and is still kept intact and solid,” he said. “A study of the temple is an exploration of an ancient Chinese engineering miracle.”
Sun said the stanchions were only added recently as a psychological comfort to visitors. About twenty thick square beams (梁) support most of the building’s weight. A number of large, deep holes were dug into the cliff’s surface, and two-thirds of the length of the beams together with wedges (楔子) were driven into each one.
In addition to its strong building, local people have found that the section of cliff above the temple acts like an umbrella to protect the temple from rain and sunlight. In summer, when the daytime is the longest, the temple only receives about two hours of direct sunlight a day during the morning.
The narrow valley it faces also changes the direction of airflow. The wind usually blows toward the cliff facing the temple, but rarely reaches the temple.
题目
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
①The temple is at the top of the mountain.
②There is a river at the foot of the mountain.
③The temple is made of wood, tiles and stones.
④The temple is made up of two yards and a pavilion.
A. ①②
B. ②③
C. ③④
D. ①④
2. Why does the temple look terribly dangerous?
A. Because it is badly broken.
B. Because it was built 1,500 years ago.
C. Because it is 50 meters high above a stream.
D. Because it seems to be supported only by a few thin stanchions.
3. What does the underlined word “intact” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. 完好无损的
B. 摇摇欲坠的
C. 恢宏强大的
D. 屹立不倒的
4. What is the purpose of writing Paragraph 5?
A. To advertise the value of the building.
B. To show the safety of Xuankong Temple.
C. To explain how Xuankong Temple was built.
D. To tell the purpose of building Xuankong Temple.
5. What is the best title for the passage?
A. An Ancient Building Facing a Valley
B. An Ancient Building with Three Stories
C. Xuankong Temple: a Popular Tourist Attraction
D. Xuankong Temple: a Wonder of Ancient Times
答案与解析
1. 答案：B
解析：
- ①错误：文中未提及寺庙在山顶，只说建在悬崖上。
- ②正确：第二段提到“a stream at the foot of the mountain”，stream可理解为河流。
- ③正确：第二段开头“Made of wood, tiles and stones...”直接说明建筑材料。
- ④错误：原文是“two three-story pavilions and a yard”，并非两个院子和一个阁楼。
2. 答案：D
解析：第三段明确提到“It is supported only by a few thin stanchions... For that reason, it was selected... as one of the 10 most dangerous buildings...”，这是它看起来危险的直接原因。
3. 答案：A
解析：“intact”与“solid”并列，结合前文“standing firmly... for more than 1,500 years”，说明寺庙保存完好、坚固，对应“完好无损的”。
4. 答案：B
解析：第五段解释了真正承重的是粗梁而非细支柱，目的是说明悬空寺结构安全，并非看起来那么危险。
5. 答案：D
解析：文章围绕悬空寺展开，介绍其历史、结构、安全性，强调它是中国古代工程奇迹，D选项最能概括全文主旨。
译文
文化专家表示，山西是中国古建筑数量最多的省份。浑源县恒山的悬空寺无疑是这句话最精彩的例证之一。
悬空寺建于北魏中期，由木材、瓦片和石头建成，包含两座三层阁楼和一个庭院，由楼梯和台阶连接。这些楼梯和台阶沿着陡峭的悬崖边缘修建，悬崖高50米，下方是山脚下的一条溪流。
从下方望去，字面意思为“悬在空中的寺庙”的悬空寺看起来极其危险。它似乎只靠几根纤细的支柱支撑在突出的岩石上。正因如此，它在2010年被《时代》杂志评为世界十大最危险建筑之一。
然而，工程师孙书鹏并不认同悬空寺实际上是危险建筑的观点。“这座寺庙已经在恒山悬崖上稳固矗立了1500多年，至今仍保持完好、坚固，”他说，“对这座寺庙的研究，是对中国古代工程奇迹的探索。”
孙书鹏表示，这些支柱是近期才添加的，主要是为了给游客提供心理安慰。约二十根厚实的方梁承担了建筑的大部分重量。人们在悬崖表面凿出许多又大又深的洞，将梁的三分之二长度连同楔子打入洞中。
除了坚固的建筑结构，当地人还发现，寺庙上方的崖壁像一把伞，保护寺庙免受雨水和阳光侵袭。在白昼最长的夏季，寺庙每天仅在上午能接收到约两小时的直射阳光。
它所面对的狭窄山谷也改变了气流方向。风通常吹向寺庙对面的悬崖，却很少能吹到寺庙本身。
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