Part I Writing (30 minutes)
第一部分 写作（30分钟）
Directions: Suppose your university is organizing a forum on the development of students’ cross-cultural communication abilities. You are now to write an essay to express your view. You will have 30 minutes to write the essay. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
说明：假设你的大学正在组织一场关于学生跨文化交际能力发展的论坛。现在，你需要写一篇文章来表达你的观点。你有30分钟的时间来写这篇文章。文章应至少120字，但不超过180字。
参考范文：
作文要求考生假设自己所在的大学正在组织一个关于培养学生跨文化交际能力的论坛，考生需要就此写一篇短文发表自己的看法。该作文属于典型的观点论证型，考生应从培养跨文化交际能力的重要性、意义等方面出发，深入思考，从而写出具有说服力的作文。
In today's globalized world, cross-cultural communication skills are essential for students. I strongly support our university's initiative to organize a forum on this issue, as I believe fostering these abilities can significantly benefit students' academic, professional, and personal growth.
Firstly, cross-cultural communication competence enhances academic collaboration.3 Many universities host international students and faculty, making closs-cultural teamwork inevitable. Understanding cultural differences helps avoid misunderstandings and promotes effective cooperation. Secondly, these skills are crucial for career success.4 Employers increasingly value employees who can navigate diverse workplaces and engage with global clients. Students with strong intercultural skills gain a competitive edge in the job market. Moreover, cross-cultural communication promotes personal development.5 Exposure to different perspectives broadens one's view of the world and cultivates empathy and adaptability. These qualities are invaluable in building meaningful relationships in an interconnected world.
To conclude, developing cross-cultural communication abilities is not just an academic requirement but a lifelong asset.6 Universities should encourage students to participate in exchange programs, multicultural events, and language courses to hone these skills. By doing so, we prepare students to thrive in a diverse and dynamic global society.7
1引出话题，强调跨文化交际能力的重要性。
2紧扣题目要求，表达自己的观点。
3分点论述之一：首先，跨文化交际能力有助于学术合作。
4分点论述之二：其次，这些技能对职业成功至关重要。
5分点论述之三：此外，跨文化交际能促进个人成长。
6总结全文：总之，跨文化交际能力不仅是学术要求，更是终身受用的财富。
7提出倡议：高校应鼓励学生参与交换项目、多元文化活动和语言课程，帮助学生培养跨文化交际能力。
【译文】在当今全球化的世界中，跨文化交际能力对学生来说至关重要。我坚决支持校方筹办相关议题论坛的举措，因为我相信培养此类能力可以极大地促进学生在学术、职业和个人层面的成长。
首先，跨文化交际能力能促进学术合作。国际师生群体在很多高校内普遍存在，所以跨文化团队协作不可避免。理解文化差异有助于避免误解，提升合作效率。其次，这些技能对职业成功至关重要。雇主们日益重视那些能够在多元化工作环境中应对自如并能与全球客户互动的员工。具备出色跨文化技能的学生能在就业市场获得竞争优势。此外，跨文化交际能促进个人成长。接触不同视角可以拓宽对世界的认知，培养同理心和适应力，这些特质对在互联互通的世界里建立有意义的人际关系弥足珍贵。
总之，跨文化交际能力不仅是学术要求．更是终身受用的财富。高校应鼓励学生参与交换项目、多元文化活动和语言课程以锤炼这些技能。唯有如此，我们才能帮助学生在这个多元而充满活力的全球化社会中茁壮成长。
Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)
第二部分 听力理解（25分钟）
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
A部分
说明：在本节中，你将听到三篇新闻报道。每篇新闻报道结束后，你将听到两到三个问题。新闻报道和问题都只播放一遍。听完问题后，你必须从标记为A、B、C和D的四个选项中选择最佳答案。然后在答题卡1上用单线穿过中心标记相应的字母。
News Report One
新闻报道一
(1) Everything changed for 7-year-old Tariq when he slapped some butter on an ear of com. He knew it tasted good, but butter made it better. His passion for produce got him a position as South Dakota's official Com Ambassador. Tariq's profession of love for his favorite vegetable earned him the name "the Corn Kid". This was after his online interview attracted millions of views and was made into a song. South Dakota is one of the top com producers in America. The com provides nourishment across the globe. Tariq said, "Not everyone has to like com, but everyone should definitely try it, especially with butter." (2) Tariq and his family were invited to South Dakota to attend the honorary ceremony at the state's Com Palace. Officials wanted to highlight South Dakota's two largest industries: tourism and agriculture. Tariq couldn't believe his eyes when he saw the palace made of com.
（1）当7岁的塔里克（Tariq）往玉米穗上抹了些黄油时，一切都变了。他知道玉米的味道很好，但黄油让它的味道更佳。他对农产品的热爱让他获得了南达科他州官方玉米大使的职位。塔里克对自己最爱的蔬菜的热爱之情，为他赢得了“玉米小子”的称号。此前，他的在线采访吸引了数百万的观看量，并被改编成了一首歌。南达科他州是美国最大的玉米生产地之一。玉米为全球提供了营养。塔里克说：“不是每个人都喜欢玉米，但每个人都应该尝尝，尤其是抹上黄油后。”（2）塔里克和他的家人受邀前往南达科他州，参加在该州玉米宫举行的荣誉仪式。官员们希望突出南达科他州最大的两个产业：旅游业和农业。当塔里克看到由玉米制成的宫殿时，他简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。
Q1. How did Tariq make corn taste better？
Q2.Why were Tariq and his family invited to South Dakota?
问题1. 塔里克是如何让玉米变得更好吃的
问题2：塔里克和他的家人为什么被邀请到南达科他州？
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
问题1和问题2是基于你刚才听到的新闻报道。
1. A. By slapping some butter on it.
B. By enhancing its nourishment.
C. By growing it in South Dakota.
D. By cooking it in vegetable oil.
1. A. 在上面抹点黄油。
B. 通过增强其营养价值。
C. 在南达科他州种植。
D. 用植物油烹饪。
2. A. To introduce their corn to tourists.
B. To attend an honorary ceremony.
C. To share experience with other corn growers.
D. To exhibit their corn at the state’s Corn Palace.
2. A. 向游客介绍他们的玉米。
B. 参加荣誉仪式。
C. 与其他玉米种植者分享经验。
D. 在该州的玉米宫展出他们的玉米。
答案 | 1.A | 2.B |
News Report Two
新闻报道二
Two arrests were announced Thursday.[3] The arrests were in connection with a string of mail thefts from U.S. Postal Service's collection boxes in Marion County and for the possession of a stolen postal key, according to the Department of Justice.
周四宣布了两起逮捕行动。[3] 据司法部称，这两起逮捕行动与马里恩县美国邮政服务公司收集箱的一系列邮件失窃事件以及持有被盗邮政钥匙有关。
[3] Jordan Jax and Tarod Goodman, both 23, were arrested after evidence gathered in an investigation showed the pair stole mail on multiple occasions using a postal key, according to a news release.
[3] 据新闻报道，23岁的乔丹·贾克斯和塔罗德·古德曼因在调查中收集到的证据显示二人多次使用邮政钥匙盗窃邮件而被捕。
Jax and Goodman stole mail for around four months. Investigators reviewed videos of the collection boxes; the video showed the two men loading the stolen mail into fax's vehicle. Investigators were also able to recover the key that was used to open the collection boxes.
贾克斯和古德曼盗窃邮件长达四个月左右。调查人员查看了收集箱的视频；视频显示，这两名男子将盗窃的邮件装入法克斯的车辆中。调查人员还找到了用于打开收集箱的钥匙。
[4) Jax and Goodman each face up to five years in federal prison in the mail thefts and up to ten years for possession of the postal key.
[4) Jax和Goodman因邮件盗窃各自面临最高五年的联邦监禁，因持有邮政钥匙各自面临最高十年的监禁。
Q3. What did Jordan Jax and Tarod Goodman do according to a news release?
Q4. What do Jordan Jax and Tarod Goodman face?
问题3：根据新闻稿，Jordan Jax和Tarod Goodman做了什么？
问题4：乔丹·贾克斯和塔罗德·古德曼面临什么？
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.
问题3和问题4是基于你刚才听到的新闻报道。
3. A. Stole mail several times.
B. Forged postal keys illegally.
C. Attacked postmen on multiple occasions.
D. Broke a number of postal collection boxes.
3. A. 多次偷窃邮件。
B. 非法伪造邮政钥匙。
C. 多次攻击邮递员。
D. 打碎了一些邮政收集箱。
4. A. A sentence for life.
B. Loss of all their possessions.
C. Twenty-three years’ hard labor.
D. Up to fifteen years in prison.
4. A. 无期徒刑。
B. 失去所有财产。
C. 二十三年苦役。
D. 最高可判处十五年有期徒刑。
答案 | 3.A | 4.D |
News Report Three
新闻报道三
Can fast-fashion be sustainable? Researchers think yes. Identifying why the fast-fashion business model creates waste and determining whether regulators can establish incentives for consumers and manufacturers are steps to reduce waste.
快时尚能否实现可持续发展？研究人员认为可以。明确快时尚商业模式为何会产生浪费，并确定监管机构能否为消费者和制造商制定激励措施，是减少浪费的步骤。
[5] Recently, the clothing industry has come under attack for creating a waste problem with serious environmental consequences. In the absence of environmentally and economically feasible recycling options, fast-fashion manufacturers pump out low-quality clothes produced in high volumes that are worn only a few times and then discarded.
[5] 最近，服装行业因制造废物问题并带来严重的环境后果而受到抨击。在缺乏环保且经济可行的回收方案的情况下，快时尚制造商大量生产低质量服装，这些服装仅被穿着几次便被丢弃。
[6] The researchers put forth policy contributions, ranging from sustainable disposal of leftover stock to production tax to incentivize both manufacturers and consumers to be more waste conscious.
[6] 研究人员提出了政策建议，包括可持续处理剩余库存、征收生产税以激励制造商和消费者提高废物意识。
[7] In order to devise effective policies to curb the environmental impact of the clothing industry, it is important to identify the source of the problem in the supply chain. Manufacturers, consumers, and regulatory bodies can then take an informed approach to recognize the environmental impact of fast-fashion and to design an ecosystem to reduce waste, incentivize innovation, and create new business models to manage waste.
[7] 为了制定有效的政策来遏制服装行业对环境的影响，重要的是要找出供应链中问题的根源。制造商、消费者和监管机构随后可以采取明智的方法，认识到快时尚对环境的影响，并设计一个生态系统来减少浪费、激励创新，以及创建新的商业模式来管理废物。
Q5. Why has the clothing industry come under attack?
Q6. Why did the researchers put forth such policies as production tax?
Q7. What should be done first to eliminate the harm caused by the clothing industry?
问题5：服装行业为何遭受抨击？
问题6：研究人员为何提出生产税等政策？
问题7：为了消除服装行业造成的危害，首先应该采取什么措施？
Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
第5至第7题是基于你刚才听到的新闻报道。
5. A. It escapes regulation and misleads consumers.
B. It ignores economically feasible recycling options.
C. It creates waste and severely impacts the environment.
D. It produces clothes affordable only to a tiny minority.
5. A. 它逃避监管，误导消费者。
B. 它忽视了经济上可行的回收方案。
C. 它会产生废物，并对环境造成严重影响。
D. 它生产的服装价格昂贵，只有极少数人能买得起。
6. A. To cut consumers’ expenses in buying quality clothes.
B. To enable the whole fast-fashion industry to be sustainable.
C. To incentivize manufacturers to be more consumer-friendly.
D. To urge manufacturers and consumers to reduce waste.
6. A. 减少消费者购买优质服装的开支。
B. 使整个快时尚行业实现可持续发展。
C. 激励制造商更加以消费者为中心。
D. 敦促制造商和消费者减少浪费。
7. A. Recognizing the impact on consumers.
B. Identifying the source of the problem.
C. Abandoning the current business model.
D. Establishing powerful regulatory bodies.
7. A. 认识到对消费者的影响。
B. 确定问题的根源。
C. 放弃当前的商业模式。
D. 建立强有力的监管机构。
答案 | 5.C | 6.D | 7.B |
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
B部分
说明：在本节中，你将听到两段较长的对话。每段对话结束后，你将听到四个问题。对话和问题都只播放一遍。听完问题后，你必须从标有A、B、C和D的四个选项中选择最佳答案。然后在答题卡1上用单线划过中心，标出相应的字母。
Conversation One
对话一
M: Hey Mary, you seem to be very much annoyed. What happened?
W: [8] Rush hour in this city is killing me.
男：嘿，玛丽，你看起来很烦恼。发生什么事了？
女：[8] 这个城市的交通高峰期真是要了我的命。
M: Ah, yes. Rush hour is terrible, especially in the morning between 8 and 9. But what else can you expect in a city this big?
W: Well, I think the local government could help improve things. I mean, getting rid of rush hour may be impossible, but it could be made more tolerable, don't you think?
男：啊，确实如此。高峰期真的很糟糕，尤其是早上8点到9点这段时间。但在这座大城市里，还能指望什么呢？
女：嗯，我觉得当地政府可以帮忙改善一下。我是说，避开高峰期可能不太可能，但可以让情况变得更容易忍受，你不觉得吗？
M: Um... but I'm not sure how.
W: [9] Well, for example, the subway system could have air conditioning. I know many cities in the world have air conditioning in their subway, so why can't we? It gets so hot in the summer. I can hardly breathe down there. And add to that the rush-hour crowds with strangers packed close together in the subway carriages, the whole thing is just horrible.
男：嗯……但我不知道该怎么做。
女：嗯，比如说，地铁系统可以装空调。我知道世界上很多城市的地铁都装有空调，为什么我们不能呢？夏天这么热，我在地铁里几乎都喘不过气来。再加上高峰期车厢里陌生人挤在一起，整件事简直太可怕了。
M: Ah, yes, you are completely right. The trains here are too old. The government should definitely invest in new ones with air conditioning.[IO] I guess I'm fortunate I take the bus instead.
W: Oh, that's much better.
男：啊，是的，你说得完全对。这里的火车太旧了。政府确实应该投资购买新的有空调的火车。[IO] 我想我很幸运，选择坐公交车。
女：哦，那好多了。
M: Yeah, it's more convenient. [IO] Bus No. 36 goes straight from my house to the office. It's a 30-minute ride and I don't have to make any changes.
W: That sounds nice. I tell you, my current commute is killing me. Maybe I should move closer to the office.
男：是啊，这样更方便。[IO]36路公交车从我家直接开到办公室。车程30分钟，而且我不用换乘。
女：听起来不错。我跟你说，我现在的通勤路程简直要了我的命。也许我应该搬到离办公室更近的地方。
M: Well, I know a great housing agent. I found the flat I'm living in now through him. And I love it.
W: [11]Hmm, could you send me his number, please?
M: Sure thing. Just tell him exactly what you are looking for and I'm sure he will find something good.
男：嗯，我认识一个很棒的房产中介。我就是通过他找到现在住的这套公寓的。我很喜欢。
女：[11]嗯，你能把他的号码发给我吗？
男：当然可以。你只要告诉他你具体在找什么，我相信他一定能找到好东西。
Q8. Why is the woman complaining？
Q9. What does the woman suggest doing?
Q10. What do we learn about the man from the conversation？
Q11. What does the woman ask the man to do at the end of the conversation？
Q8.女士为什么在抱怨？
Q9.女士建议做什么？
Q10.从对话中我们了解到关于男士的什么信息？
Q11.在对话结尾，女士让男士做什么？
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
第8至11题是基于你刚才所听到的对话。
8. A. The city’s rush-hour traffic is intolerable.
B. She cannot avoid rush-hour traffic.
C. The local government is inefficient.
D. The city is too big to move around easily.
8. A. 这个城市的交通高峰期简直让人难以忍受。
B. 她无法避开高峰期交通。
C. 当地政府效率低下。
D. 这个城市太大了，不容易四处走动。
9. A. Upgrading subway carriages.
B. Increasing the number of bus routes.
C. Air conditioning the city’s subway.
D. Learning from other big cities.
9. A. 地铁车厢的升级。
B. 增加公交线路数量。
C. 为该市的地铁安装空调。
D. 向其他大城市学习。
10. A. He suffers from rush-hour crowding too.
B. He is fortunate to live very near to work.
C. He takes a half-hour bus ride to work.
D. He is going to move closer to his office.
10. A. 他也饱受高峰期拥挤之苦。
B. 他很幸运，住的地方离工作地点很近。
C. 他坐半小时的公交车去上班。
D. 他打算搬到离办公室更近的地方。
11. A. Recommend to her a good house near his office.
B. Send her his housing agent’s telephone number.
C. Tell her exactly what kind of property to look for.
D. Make sure the agent finds something good for her.
11. A. 向她推荐他办公室附近的一处好房子。
B. 把他的房屋中介的电话号码发给她。
C. 明确告诉她要找什么样的房子。
D. 确保代理人能帮她找到合适的东西。
答案 | 8.A | 9.C | 10.C | 11.B |
Conversation Two
对话二
M: Did you hear about Johnny?
W: No. Why? Is he okay?
男：你听说约翰尼的事了吗？
女：没有。怎么了？他还好吗？
M: [12] He had some plastic surgery done.
W: What? Why?
男：[12]他做过一些整形手术。
女：什么？为什么？
M: Do you remember he had a scar on his face?
W: Yes, of course. He always had that. I've known him since primary school, and I always remember him having that on his cheek.
男：你还记得他脸上有道疤吗？
女：当然有。他一直都有。我从小学就认识他了，我一直记得他脸上有那颗痣。
M: Well, he had it fixed.
W: [13] Fixed? What do you mean? You can't fix a scar.
男：嗯，他已经修好了。
女：[13] 修复？你什么意思？疤痕是修复不了的。
M: You know what I mean? He had an operation done on it, plastic surgery, in order to cover it and make it less noticeable.
W: Oh, well, that's ridiculous, isn't it? It was noticeable, sure. But it wasn't an ugly scar. It never occurred to me that he should have it taken care of like that.
男：你明白我的意思吗？他为了遮盖它，让它不那么显眼，做了整形手术。
女：哦，好吧，这太荒谬了，不是吗？虽然很明显，但那并不是一个难看的疤痕。我从未想过他应该那样处理它。
M: I agree. I can understand some scars and physical defects can be ugly and distracting, but not Johnny's. [14] In fact, I thought it added character... like it gave him a certain uniqueness.
W: He must have felt differently though. He must have felt self-conscious and insecure, perhaps.
男：我同意。我能理解有些疤痕和身体缺陷可能很丑陋，令人分心，但约翰尼的却不是这样。[14]事实上，我觉得这反而增添了他的个性……就像赋予了他某种独特性。
女：不过他肯定也有不同的感受。他可能感到不自在，缺乏安全感。
M: No, no, that's not the reason. He was totally fine with his scar. As you said, he had had it for most of his life.
W: Then why did he have the operation?
男：不，不，不是这个原因。他对自己的疤痕完全不在意。正如你所说，他这辈子大部分时间都有这个疤痕。
女：那他为什么做手术？
M: Because his girlfriend wanted him to.
W: What? [15] That's so superficial and selfish of her. If Johnny's girlfriend doesn't like him for who he is, then she does not deserve to be his girlfriend.
男：因为他女朋友想让他这么做。
女：什么？[15] 她真是太肤浅、太自私了。如果约翰尼的女朋友不喜欢真实的他，那她就不配做他的女朋友。
M: [15] You are right. So he is insane to give in to her like that. But when I told him, he said he loves her and would just do what she wants him to.
W: What a fool he is.
男：[15] 你说得对。所以他那样屈服于她真是疯了。但当我告诉他时，他说他爱她，只会做她想让他做的事。
女：他真是个傻瓜。
Q12. What does the man say about Johnny?
Q13. What does the woman find puzzling?
Q14. What did the man think of Johnny's scar?
Q15. How could we describe the speakers' attitude towards Johnny's girlfriend?
Q12.关于约翰尼，男士说了什么？
Q13.女士对什么感到困惑？
Q14.关于约翰尼的疤痕，男士是怎么看的？
Q15.我们该如何描述说话者对约翰尼女朋友的态度？
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
第12至15题是基于你刚才所听到的对话。
12. A. He was remembered for the scar on his cheek.
B. He received a heart operation a few days ago.
C. He used to wear a sad face in school.
D. He had some plastic surgery done.
12. A. 他因脸颊上的疤痕而被人们铭记。
B. 他几天前接受了心脏手术。
C. 他以前在学校总是面带愁容。
D. 他做过一些整形手术。
13. A. The man’s deep sympathy for Johnny.
B. The man’s use of the expression ‘fixed’.
C. The man’s covering up of what happened.
D. The man’s good memory of his childhood.
13. A. 男人对约翰尼的深切同情。
B. 男人使用“固定”这个表达。
C. 男子对发生的事情进行掩盖。
D. 这个人对童年的美好记忆。
14. A. It gave him a noticeable smartness.
B. It made him appear even more manly.
C. It seemed to give him a certain uniqueness.
D. It seemed to make up for his physical defects.
14. A. 这让他显得格外精神。
B. 这让他看起来更加有男子气概。
C. 这似乎让他具有某种独特性。
D. 这似乎弥补了他的身体缺陷。
15. A. Liberal.
B. Hostile.
C. Indifferent.
D. Critical.
15. A. 自由主义。
B. 敌对。
C. 漠不关心。
D. 关键。
答案 | 12.D | 13.B | 14.C | 15.D |
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
C节
说明：在本节中，你将听到三段短文。每段短文结束后，你将听到三到四个问题。短文和问题都只播放一遍。听完问题后，你必须从标记为A、B、C和D的四个选项中选择最佳答案。然后在答题卡1上用单线穿过中心标记相应的字母。
Passage One
第一段
Talking is unique to humans. An animal might make 10 different sounds, but an adult human knows more than 20,000 words. Additionally, we're the only animal that expresses thoughts in full sentences. [16] Researchers don't think language was invented; instead, they think it evolved. How did talking evolve? There are two main theories.
人类具有独特的语言能力。动物或许能发出10种不同的声音，但一个成年人却能掌握超过20,000个词汇。此外，我们是唯一能用完整句子表达思想的动物。[16]研究人员并不认为语言是被发明的；相反，他们认为语言是进化而来的。语言是如何进化的？主要有两种理论。
[17] The first theory is that language started with people making different sounds, mostly imitating the things around them, like animal calls, nature sounds, and the sounds of tools. Perhaps they made the sound of wind to comment on the weather or imitated the sound of a bird to tell a friend that there was a bird nearby. Then over hundreds of thousands of years, those sounds turned into words that people began to learn as part of their language. At some point, people started stringing the words together to form sentences.
[17] 第一种理论认为，语言起源于人们发出不同的声音，主要是模仿周围的事物，如动物的叫声、自然的声音和工具的声音。也许他们发出风的声音来评论天气，或者模仿鸟的声音来告诉朋友附近有鸟。然后，经过数十万年的时间，这些声音变成了人们开始学习的语言的一部分。在某个时候，人们开始把这些词串在一起形成句子。
The other main theory, which is more recent, is that people started off by gesturing—pointing at things with their hands and imitating actions using their bodies. Eventually these gestures turned into a full sign language. This theory guesses that after developing sign languages, people eventually started making sounds along with their gestures. At some point, they switched to mostly making sounds that became words instead of just using their bodies. [18] The reason they switched to making sounds, the theory goes, is that talking out loud lets you communicate with someone even when you can't see them.
另一种主要理论，也是较新的理论，认为人们最初是通过手势——用手指物和使用身体模仿动作来交流的。最终，这些手势演变成了一套完整的手语。该理论推测，在发展出手语之后，人们开始在做出手势的同时发出声音。在某个时候，他们开始主要发出声音，这些声音变成了单词，而不再仅仅使用身体动作。[18]该理论认为，他们转向发声的原因是，大声说话可以让人们在看不见对方的情况下与对方交流。
Q16. How did language come into being according to researchers?
Q17. How did language start according to the first theory？
Q18. Why did people switch from gesturing to making sounds according to the more recent theory?
Q16. 根据研究人员的说法，语言是如何产生的？
Q17. 根据第一种理论，语言是如何起源的？
Q18. 根据新近的理论，人们为什么从使用手势交流转变为发出声音交流？
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
第16至18题是基于你刚才所听到的段落。
16. A. Through deliberation.
B. Through evolution.
C. Through invention.
D. Through collaboration.
16. A. 通过审议。
B. 通过进化。
C. 通过发明。
D. 通过合作。
17. A. With people imitating sounds around them.
B. With people interacting with animals close by.
C. With people showing each other things nearby.
D. With people trying to string sounds together.
17. A. 人们模仿周围的声音。
B. 人们与附近的动物互动。
C. 人们互相展示附近的事物。
D. 人们试图将声音串连起来。
18. A. Making sounds can free one’s hands for doing other things.
B. Making sounds proves markedly easier than sign languages.
C. Making sounds enables one to express their ideas more explicitly.
D. Making sounds helps one communicate with people they can’t see.
18. A. 发出声音可以让双手解放出来去做其他事情。
B. 发出声音明显比手语容易。
C. 发出声音能让人更明确地表达自己的想法。
D. 发出声音有助于与看不见的人进行交流。
答案 | 16.B | 17.A | 18.D |
Passage Two
第二段
Is it a good idea to display luxury brands and other signals of status? It depends on the situation. Studies have shown that people who appear to be wealthy tend to be considered more intelligent, disciplined, and competent than those who do not.[19] But new research found that people believe someone who shows off their social status cares more about benefiting themselves than helping others. This means people are less willing to collaborate with them. Modesty may be key when cooperation is essential, but the researchers also found that in some cases, status signaling has advantages.
展示奢侈品牌和其他彰显身份地位的标志是个好主意吗？这取决于具体情况。研究表明，那些看起来富有的人往往被认为比那些看起来不富有的人更聪明、更有纪律、更有能力。[19]但新的研究发现，人们认为炫耀自己社会地位的人更关心自身利益，而非帮助他人。这意味着人们不太愿意与他们合作。在合作至关重要的情境下，谦虚可能是关键，但研究人员还发现，在某些情况下，彰显身份地位也有其优势。
Experiments showed that participants were less likely to choose someone who signals their wealth or status to join a group seeking cooperative members. [20] But participants were more likely to choose that person when they're looking for a competitive team member. These findings suggest that people should change how they present themselves depending on their social goal.
实验表明，在寻找合作成员时，参与者不太可能选择那些炫耀财富或地位的人加入团队。[20]但在寻找竞争性团队成员时，参与者则更倾向于选择这样的人。这些发现表明，人们应根据自己的社交目标来调整自己的表现方式。
This is the era of social media. [21] People can easily share their wealth and status to large audiences, but they need to consider the consequences. Posting about luxury purchases and expensive vacations online may help you to persuade others and frighten competitors, but it could also signal to potential friends or future employers that you are unlikely to think about the needs of others. This makes things tricky for people who may want to impress others while also demonstrating that they are a team player.
这是社交媒体的时代。[21]人们可以轻松地向大众展示自己的财富和地位，但他们需要考虑其后果。在网上发布奢侈品购买和昂贵度假的照片或许能帮助你说服他人、震慑竞争对手，但也可能向潜在的朋友或未来的雇主传递出一种信号，即你不太可能考虑他人的需求。这让那些既想给他人留下深刻印象，又想展示自己具有团队精神的人感到棘手。
Q19. How would people describe someone who shows off their social status according to new research?
Q20. When were participants more likely to choose someone who signaled their wealth or status?
Q21. What should people do when sharing their wealth and status online?
Q19. 根据新研究，人们会如何描述那些炫耀自己社会地位的人？
Q20. 在什么情况下，参与者更有可能选择那些炫耀自己财富或地位的人？
Q21. 人们在网上分享自己的财富和地位时应该怎么做？
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
第19至21题是基于你刚才所听到的段落。
19. A. Well disciplined.
B. Quite confident.
C. Somewhat selfish.
D. Highly intelligent.
19. A. 纪律严明。
B. 非常自信。
C. 有点自私。
D. 高度智能。
20. A. When they wanted to have a competitive team member.
B. When they were looking for a cooperative workmate.
C. When they found collaboration essential to them.
D. When they were seeking someone to help them.
20. A. 当他们想要一个有竞争力的团队成员时。
B. 当他们在寻找一个合作共事的伙伴时。
C. 当他们发现合作对他们至关重要时。
D. 当他们正在寻找某人来帮助他们时。
21. A. Avoid frightening competitors.
B. Make clear their social goal.
C. Adopt persuasive strategies.
D. Consider the consequences.
21. A. 避免让竞争对手感到恐惧。
B. 明确他们的社交目标。
C. 采用说服策略。
D. 考虑后果。
答案 | 19.C | 20.A | 21.D |
Passage Three
第三段
Human fascination with animals goes back as far as humans do. [22] Of the oldest cave paintings discovered, some are up to 40,000 years old, and there are more images of animals than humans. At some point, humans began to capture and hold animals.
人类对动物的迷恋与人类的历史一样悠久。[22]在已发现的最古老的洞穴壁画中，有些已有4万年的历史，而且动物的形象比人类的要多。在某个时候，人类开始捕捉并驯养动物。
[23] The first-known collections were held by royalty and were not open to the public. In Egypt, researchers have found buildings from around 3500 B.C., containing the remains of animals, including elephants, which were not native to Egypt. But life wasn't easy for these animals. They probably had short lives, and their remains show evidence of severe injuries.
[23] 已知最早的动物标本收藏由皇室持有，并不向公众开放。在埃及，研究人员发现了大约公元前3500年的建筑，其中包含非埃及本土动物（如大象）的遗骸。但这些动物的生活并不容易。它们可能寿命短暂，且遗骸上留有严重受伤的痕迹。
The first public exhibit of animals may have been created by Egypt's Queen Hatshepsut around 1480 B.C. Researchers think the zoo was started with animals brought home from a far-off land known as Punt.[24] It's unclear why the Queen built the zoo, but it might have been to show off her wealth and power.
公元前1480年左右，埃及女王哈特谢普苏特可能创建了首个动物公共展览。研究人员认为，这个动物园的动物最初是从一个名为朋特的遥远国度带回来的。[24]目前尚不清楚女王为何建造这个动物园，但可能是为了炫耀她的财富和权力。
Early zoos are found all over the world. In China, Emperor Wenwang is said to have built a "Garden of Intelligence" around I 060 B.C. It included deer, birds, and many fish. [25] In England, King Henry I setup a collection of animals in about 1110 as part of the royal estate. His collection included tigers and lions. This collection eventually moved to the Tower of London in 1235. The collection stayed at that location for 600 years.
早期的动物园遍布世界各地。在中国，据说文王在公元前1060年左右建造了一个“智慧园”。园内饲养着鹿、鸟和许多鱼类。[25]在英国，亨利一世国王于1110年左右设立了一个动物收藏园，作为皇家财产的一部分。他的收藏品包括老虎和狮子。这个收藏园最终于1235年迁至伦敦塔。这些收藏品在那里存放了600年。
Q22. What can we see in the oldest cave paintings?
Q23. What do we learn about the first-known collections of animals?
Q24. What might be the reason the Egyptian Queen created the zoo?
Q25. What do we learn about King Henry l's collection of animals in England?
Q22. 在最古老的洞穴壁画中我们能看到什么？
Q23. 关于已知最早的动物收藏，我们了解到了什么？
Q24. 埃及女王建造动物园的原因可能是什么？
Q25. 关于国王亨利一世在英国的动物收藏，我们了解到了什么？
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
第22至25题是基于你刚才所听到的段落。
22. A. Much evidence of humans capturing animals.
B. More images of animals than humans.
C. Fewer images of buildings than animals.
D. Little proof of human fascination with animals.
22. A. 大量证据表明人类曾捕猎动物。
B. 动物图片比人物图片多。
C. 建筑物的图片比动物图片少。
D. 人类对动物着迷的证据不多。
23. A. They were open to the public.
B. They were primarily native.
C. They were kept by royalty.
D. They were hardly injured.
23. A. 它们对公众开放。
B. 他们主要是本地人。
C. 它们被皇室所珍藏。
D. 他们几乎没有受伤。
24. A. To enable the public to watch animals close by.
B. To introduce to Egyptians animals from Punt.
C. To protect the endangered animals.
D. To show off her riches and power.
24. A. 让公众能够近距离观察动物。
B. 向埃及人介绍来自蓬特的动物。
C. 保护濒危动物。
D. 炫耀她的财富和权力。
25. A. It was part of the royal estate.
B. It was a shelter for wild animals.
C. It was the kingdom’s best-equipped zoo.
D. It was the first public exhibit of animals.
25. A. 它是王室财产的一部分。
B. 这是一个野生动物的庇护所。
C. 这是王国里设备最齐全的动物园。
D. 这是首次公开展出动物。
答案 | 22.B | 23.C | 24.D | 25.A |
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
第三部分 阅读理解（40分钟）
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
A部分
说明：本节包含一篇有十个空白的文章。您需要在文章后给出的单词库中选择每个空白处对应的单词。请仔细阅读文章后再做选择。单词库中的每个选项都用一个字母表示。请在答题卡2上，用单线穿过中心，标出每个选项对应的字母。单词库中的单词不得重复使用。
Psychologists have long been interested in how we construct our identities and the sorts of strategies that we use to present ourselves in society. New findings suggest that the kinds of 26 and strategic self-presentation behaviour we see in adults appear at a much younger age than 27 known.
心理学家长期以来一直对我们如何构建自我身份以及我们在社会中展现自己的策略类型感兴趣。新研究发现，我们在成年人身上观察到的那种复杂且具有策略性的自我展现行为，其出现的时间远早于以往所知。
Research shows that a child’s awareness of social standing comes from adults. Like grown-ups, kids want to be 28 by those they admire. Interactive experiences may provide opportunities for children to learn about what 29 a desirable reputation and the kinds of strategies that are effective for 30 a good reputation in their social environment.
研究表明，孩子对社会地位的认识来源于成年人。和成年人一样，孩子们也希望得到他们所钦佩之人的认可。互动体验可能为孩子们提供机会，让他们了解什么是良好的声誉，以及在社交环境中建立良好声誉的有效策略。
Five-year-olds aren’t just aware of their reputations, they also behave strategically to alter their outward image. They will 31 their behaviour in order to appear moral or socially good in the eyes of key observers. While we know that adults use a large variety of attributes to manage and create impressions, we don’t yet know whether children 32 and use the fact that different attributes are valuable at different times to different 33 . It’s important for us to further consider where in this process children succeed in controlling their reputation and where they 34 .
五岁的孩子不仅意识到自己的声誉，还会策略性地调整自己的外在形象。他们会改变自己的行为，以便在关键观察者的眼中显得有道德或社交良好。虽然我们知道成年人会利用各种各样的属性来管理和创造印象，但我们尚不清楚孩子们是否理解并利用了这样一个事实：不同的属性在不同时间对不同的观众具有不同的价值。对我们来说，重要的是要进一步考虑在这个过程中，孩子们在哪些方面成功地控制了自己的声誉，以及在哪些方面遇到了困难。
A question to think about is, “What happens even earlier than age five?” Children don’t just show up to the first day of kindergarten and have the idea of reputation pop 35 into existence. The logical question to ask is, “What happens even earlier?”
一个值得思考的问题是，“在五岁之前会发生什么？”孩子们并不是在幼儿园第一天上学时，就突然有了名声的概念。一个合乎逻辑的问题是，“更早之前会发生什么？”
A. accepted接受
B. audiences观众
C. building建筑
D. complex复杂
E. constitutes构成
F. deputies代表
G. previously以前
H. revolving循环
I. samples样本
J. selected选定
K. solemn庄严
L. struggle斗争
M. suddenly突然
N. understand理解
O. vary变化
【答案】
【26-30】DGAEC
【31-35】ONBLM
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
B部分
说明：在本节中，你将阅读一篇文章，并附有十个陈述。每个陈述都包含文章中某一段落提供的信息。请确定信息来源于哪个段落。你可以多次选择同一段落。每个段落都标有一个字母。在答题卡2上标记相应字母以回答问题。
Getting young minds into design
激发年轻心灵投入设计
A. Recently, a leading design federation in the UK warned that the UK could face a creative skills shortage, after the latest figures revealed a drop of almost 10 percent in students studying Design and Technology. These figures showed that the number of pupils that sat exams in Design and Technology fell 10 percent from 204,788 to 185,279 last year.
A. 最近，英国一家领先的设计联合会警告称，英国可能面临创意技能短缺的问题，因为最新数据显示，学习设计与技术专业的学生人数下降了近10%。这些数据显示，去年参加设计与技术考试的学生人数从204,788人下降到185,279人，降幅达10%。
B. Chief executive John Kampfner of the Creative Industries Federation thinks that this drop in figures has worrying implications for the skills pipeline in Britain’s hugely successful arts and creative industries. He said, “We already have skills shortages in many jobs such as animation (动画制作) and special effects.” He added: “Engineering, which requires a similar mix of creative and technical skills, also has recruitment problems.”
B. 创意产业联合会首席执行官约翰·坎普夫纳认为，这一数字的下降对英国大获成功的艺术和创意产业的技能输送产生了令人担忧的影响。他表示：“在动画制作和特效等许多工作领域，我们已经出现了技能短缺。”他补充道：“同样需要创意和技术技能相结合的工程领域，也存在招聘问题。”
C. Many other designers and architects have expressed concern over the future supply of home-grown talent for UK firms, and industry bodies have pointed out that there has been a lack of roots-level support. However, if these designers had visited the Design Museum shop in London earlier this year their fears may have been eased. With £10 to spend, they could have bought a fascinating children’s toy called “Dazzle Racer”. An automotive cylinder (圆柱体), it included a wind-up, elastic (有弹性的)-band-powered mechanism, minimal parts, all 100 percent recycled, and lots of stickers. It was good fun, simple, eye-catching and very original.
C. 许多其他设计师和建筑师对英国公司未来本土人才的供应表示担忧，行业机构也指出，一直缺乏基层支持。然而，如果这些设计师今年早些时候参观过伦敦设计博物馆的商店，他们的担忧或许会得到缓解。他们本可以用10英镑购买一个名为“炫酷赛车手”的有趣儿童玩具。这是一个汽车形状的圆柱体，包含一个上发条的弹性带驱动机制，零件极少，全部100%可回收，还贴满了各种贴纸。它很有趣、简单、引人注目，而且非常新颖。
D. Well, you’d expect the Design Museum to commission and make some interesting items, but this one was different. Designed by a group of six Year 9 and Year 10 boys from Finchley Catholic High School, the toy was the winning entry in the museum’s 2015 Design Ventura competition, which brings the business of design to life for students aged 13 to 16 by challenging them to develop a new creative, sustainable and commercially feasible product for the Design Museum shop and attracts hundreds of entries nationwide.
D. 嗯，你可能会认为设计博物馆会委托制作一些有趣的物品，但这个却与众不同。这款玩具由芬奇利天主教高中的六名九年级和十年级男生设计，是该博物馆2015年设计文图拉竞赛的获奖作品。该竞赛旨在为13至16岁的学生带来设计方面的体验，挑战他们为设计博物馆商店开发一款具有创意、可持续且商业可行的产品，并吸引了全国数百件参赛作品。
E. “We did Design Ventura in my previous school,” says Liam Hourican, Finchley Catholic High School’s design technology curriculum leader. “Then when I changed schools four years ago, I introduced it here because it helps to develop so many skills.”
E. “我在之前的学校就教过‘设计文图拉’这门课，”芬奇利天主教高中的设计技术课程负责人利亚姆·霍瑞肯说道，“四年前我换了学校，就把这门课也带到了这里，因为它有助于培养很多技能。”
F. The theme for last year’s competition was “Move”, and Hourican began with three groups working in lunch breaks and after school before selecting the group with the most innovative idea. Each participating school may submit just one proposal. “It’s the taking part and doing the work which is important,” he says. “And I never dreamt we’d win.”
F. 去年比赛的主题是“行动”，Hourican首先让三个小组在午休和放学后进行合作，然后选出最具创新想法的小组。每所参与学校只能提交一份提案。“重要的是参与并付出努力，”他说，“我从未想过我们会赢。”
G. Catherine Ritman Smith, head of learning at the Design Museum, is expecting around 10,000 participants aged 13 to 16 to take part this year and says that the project — funded by Deutsche Bank as part of its youth engagement programme Born To Be — is the biggest event in the museum’s calendar. “We started Design Ventura with around 800 young people in 2010 and it has grown steadily since,” she says. “Teachers like it because the skills are all transferable and it helps to validate the value of design as a subject,” she explains, telling me that nearly 600 schools have taken part so far.
G. 设计博物馆学习部负责人凯瑟琳·里特曼·史密斯预计，今年将有约1万名13至16岁的参与者参加该项目，并表示该项目是博物馆日程中最大的活动，由德意志银行资助，是其青年参与项目“天生如此”的一部分。“2010年，我们与约800名年轻人一起启动了文图拉设计项目，自那以来，该项目稳步发展，”她说。“老师们喜欢它，因为这些技能都是可迁移的，它有助于验证设计作为一门学科的价值，”她解释道，并告诉我迄今已有近600所学校参与其中。
H. So how does the competition work? A single-word theme is announced in the summer. This year it is “Change”. Schools work with groups to produce imaginative design ideas for a product in simple materials that could sell for £10 in the Design Museum shop. Participating schools then register by November and eventually submit their design idea. Along the way there is training and support for teachers and tutoring for students from designers. An additional bonus is when the winners see their design on sale in the spring of the following year.
H. 那么比赛是如何进行的呢？夏季会公布一个单词主题。今年的主题是“改变”。学校与小组一起合作，用简单的材料设计出富有想象力的产品创意，这些产品在设计博物馆商店里可以卖到10英镑。参赛学校需在11月前注册，并最终提交他们的设计创意。在此过程中，教师会得到培训和支持，学生也会得到设计师的辅导。另一个额外的好处是，获胜者可以在第二年春季看到自己的设计产品上市销售。
I. Hourican and his pupils have happy memories of spending a whole day at the museum, having been selected as one of 10 shortlisted schools to present their idea to a panel of judges, including designer Jasper Conran. Then they worked with the Kin Design Studio in Shoreditch, met designers at their school and attended a lunch with Deutsche Bank employees. The students helped to make decisions and there were plenty of discussions — they changed the product’s name, for example.
I. Hourican和他的学生们在博物馆度过了一整天，留下了美好的回忆。他们所在的学校被选为10所入围学校之一，向包括设计师贾斯珀·康兰在内的评委小组展示他们的想法。随后，他们与肖迪奇的金设计工作室合作，在学校会见设计师，并与德意志银行员工共进午餐。学生们参与了决策，并进行了大量讨论——例如，他们更改了产品的名称。
J. “One of the really useful things about this competition,” says Hourican, “is that there’s a commercial element because the product is going on sale for real and the boys had to learn about budgeting and marketing, as well as designing their game.” Profits go to charity. “The winning team chooses where it wants the profits to go,” says Ritman Smith. “The Finchley Catholic High School product raised about £1,000 for Great Ormond Street Hospital.” Winning entries in past years have included a make-your-own cloth kit called Dove Bunting and a threefold, wallet-sized travel game with goals at each end, called Badoiiing.
J. “这场比赛真正有用的地方之一，”霍瑞肯说，“就是它包含了一个商业元素，因为产品真的要上市销售，男孩们不得不学习预算和营销，以及设计他们的游戏。”利润将捐给慈善机构。“获胜团队可以选择利润的去向，”里特曼·史密斯说。“芬奇利天主教高中的产品为大奥蒙德街医院筹集了大约1000英镑。”往年的获奖作品包括一个名为“鸽子布丁”的自制布包套件，以及一个名为“巴多伊因”的三折钱包大小的旅行游戏，两端都有目标。
K. It costs the schools nothing to participate in Design Ventura; the professional designers provide their services for free. Among them is architect Asif Khan, a Design Museum trustee who has worked as designer-in-residence at the museum, helping emerging architects. He has recently been commissioned to design the new Museum of London building in Smithfield.
K. 学校参与“设计文图拉”项目无需任何费用；专业设计师们会免费提供服务。其中就包括建筑师阿西夫·汗，他是设计博物馆的受托人，曾作为驻馆设计师为博物馆工作，帮助新兴建筑师。他最近受委托设计位于史密斯菲尔德的伦敦博物馆新馆。
L. Another is television presenter and interior designer Naomi Cleaver, who is one of the competition’s judges. “I’m very keen to encourage young people,” she says, observing that design brings together other subjects such as literature, art, history, geography and science. “Now that design education is limited in the curriculum, I’m all in favour of competitions such as Design Ventura, which helps to bring the standard curriculum to life,” says Cleaver. “And the judging day is terrific fun. Some of these students are very imaginative. One group presented their idea in the form of a puppet show and we see some marvelous demonstration models. I’m always impressed by the levels of confidence and the support the students get from their teachers.”
L. 另一位是电视节目主持人兼室内设计师内奥米·克利弗，她是本次比赛的评委之一。“我非常热衷于鼓励年轻人，”她说，并指出设计将文学、艺术、历史、地理和科学等其他学科结合在一起。“现在设计教育在课程中受到限制，我完全赞成像文图拉设计大赛这样的比赛，它有助于让标准课程变得生动有趣，”克利弗说。“而且评审日非常有趣。其中一些学生非常有想象力。一组学生以木偶表演的形式展示了他们的想法，我们看到了令人惊叹的演示模型。学生们的自信程度以及他们从老师那里得到的支持总是让我印象深刻。”
M. Ritman Smith adds: “Design technology has become a tricky subject to make a case for, and we’ve heard of departments closing in some schools. We find that if pupils take part in Design Ventura in Year Nine it can be the trigger which leads them to opt for it at General Certificate of Secondary Education, so we are helping to keep alive something which is crucial to industry and entrepreneurship.”
M. Ritman Smith补充道：“设计技术已成为一个难以证明其价值的学科，我们听说有些学校的部门已经将其关闭。我们发现，如果学生在九年级参加设计课程，这可能会成为他们选择在普通中等教育证书考试中选修该课程的契机，因此我们正在帮助保持对工业和创业至关重要的东西的活力。”
36. During the course of preparing for Design Ventura, teachers receive training and support while students get tutoring from designers.
36.在为“设计文图拉”做准备的过程中，教师们会接受培训和支持，而学生们则会从设计师那里获得辅导。
37. A visit to the Design Museum shop in London can reduce the designers’ fears about the future supply of talents educated in Britain.
37.参观伦敦设计博物馆的商店，可以减轻设计师们对未来英国培养的人才供应的担忧。
38. One of Design Ventura’s judges says the competition adds vigour to the standard curriculum in schools.
38.Design Ventura的一位评委表示，该比赛为学校的标准课程增添了活力。
39. Enrollment in Design and Technology decreased by nearly ten percent last year in the UK.
39.去年英国设计与技术专业的入学人数下降了近10%。
40. Participation of ninth graders in Design Ventura can motivate them to choose design technology as their subject.
40.九年级学生参与“设计文图拉”（Design Ventura）项目可以激励他们选择设计技术作为自己的学科。
41. Design Ventura is welcomed by teachers because it helps to prove the worth of design as a school subject.
41.Design Ventura受到教师的欢迎，因为它有助于证明设计作为一门学校课程的价值。
42. The schools don’t have to pay anything to take part in the Design Ventura competition.
42.学校参加设计文图拉竞赛无需支付任何费用。
43. Participants in Design Ventura are challenged to create sustainable and marketable products.
43.Design Ventura的参赛者们面临着创造可持续且具有市场潜力的产品的挑战。
44. Students benefit from Design Ventura because they can learn about budgeting and marketing in addition to game design.
44.学生从文图拉设计（Design Ventura）中受益，因为除了游戏设计，他们还能学习预算和营销知识。
45. According to an officer of the Creative Industries Federation, there is difficulty now in recruiting engineers in the UK.
45.据创意产业联合会的一名官员表示，目前英国在招聘工程师方面存在困难。
【答案】
【36-40】HCLAM【41-45】GKDJB
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
C节
说明：本节包含两篇短文。每篇短文后附有一些问题或未完成的陈述。对于每道题目，都有四个选项，分别标记为A、B、C和D。请选出最佳选项，并在答题卡2上相应字母处划线。
Passage One
第一段
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
第46至50题是基于以下段落。
New research suggests that pandas may be at risk of dying out because they are too comfortable. Experts say too much happiness can stop the bears from searching for new mates.
最新研究表明，大熊猫可能因生活太舒适而面临灭绝的风险。专家表示，过度的幸福感会阻止大熊猫寻找新的伴侣。
Environmentalists have long believed that building roads or homes near the bears may threaten their survival by “reducing or fragmenting their natural habitats”, The Times reported. But the new research suggests that a “modest degree of discomfort and fragmentation” may actually help preserve panda populations.
据《泰晤士报》报道，环保主义者长期以来一直认为，在熊的栖息地附近修建道路或房屋可能会“减少或破坏它们的自然栖息地”，从而威胁到它们的生存。但最新研究表明，“适度的不适和栖息地碎片化”实际上可能有助于保护大熊猫种群。
The research was conducted by scientists from Michigan State University. It concluded that pandas fail to wander off in search of new mates if they find their habitat too comfortable, resulting in a lack of vital genetic diversity.
这项研究由密歇根州立大学的科学家进行。研究得出结论，如果大熊猫发现自己的栖息地过于舒适，它们就不会四处游荡寻找新的伴侣，从而导致重要的遗传多样性缺失。
For their study — outlined in a paper in the journal Conservation Biology — the team looked at genetic diversity and spread among a Chinese panda population. The ideal level of perfectly livable habitat was found to be only 80% of an area, with the remainder either too harsh or too affected by human activity.
在《保护生物学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中概述了他们的研究，该团队研究了中华大熊猫种群的遗传多样性和分布情况。研究发现，理想且完全适宜栖息的栖息地仅占一个区域的80%，其余区域要么环境过于恶劣，要么受人类活动影响过大。
The experts concluded that pandas should ideally “be happy enough to thrive, but not so content that they don’t want to move around and find new mates”.
专家们得出结论，理想情况下，大熊猫应该“足够快乐以茁壮成长，但又不至于满足到不想四处走动和寻找新的伴侣”。
Their conclusions about what The Guardian described as this “sweet spot” are in line with the so-called Goldilocks principle: that there can be just the right amount of something. The concept has been applied to a wide range of disciplines, from developmental psychology to economics and engineering.
他们对《卫报》所称的这一“最佳点”的结论，与所谓的“金凤花原则”相一致：即某种事物的量要恰到好处。这一概念已被广泛应用于从发展心理学到经济学和工程学等多个学科。
Claudio Sillero, a professor of conservation biology at Oxford University, told the newspaper that the new findings could have implications beyond panda conservation.
牛津大学保护生物学教授克劳迪奥·西莱罗告诉该报，新发现的影响可能不仅限于大熊猫保护。
“Most large animals that eat meat live in increasingly fragmented landscapes,” said Sillero, who was not involved in the research. “It may well be that the messy nature of their relationship with human efforts induces more animals to scatter or travel further, and might result in greater genetic connectivity and enhanced population persistence.”
“大多数食肉的大型动物都生活在日益破碎的栖息地，”未参与此项研究的西莱罗说道，“它们与人类活动之间混乱的关系很可能会导致更多动物分散或迁徙到更远的地方，从而增强基因的连通性和种群的持久性。”
The most recent count of pandas found that there were more than 1,800 left in the wild, putting them on the list of vulnerable, but not endangered, species.
最新统计显示，野生大熊猫数量超过1800只，被列入易危物种名单，但尚未濒危。
46. What do we learn from new research about pandas?
A. They are losing habitat due to the building of roads and houses.
B. They have stopped seeking new mates for reproduction.
C. They may not adapt to the fragmentation of their habitat.
D. They may cease to exist as a result of enjoying too good a life.
46. 我们从关于大熊猫的新研究中能了解到什么？
A. 由于道路和房屋的建设，它们的栖息地正在减少。
B. 他们已经停止寻找新的伴侣进行繁殖。
C. 它们可能无法适应栖息地的碎片化。
D. 他们可能会因为生活得太舒适而不再存在。
47. What can we conclude from the new research by scientists at Michigan State University?
A. Environmentalists’ long-time belief regarding panda conservation may be misleading.
B. Housing development near pandas’ homes may threaten their survival.
C. Pandas’ natural habitats are becoming less suitable for reproduction.
D. The increased panda population is attributed to the fragmentation of their habitat.
47. 我们能从密歇根州立大学科学家们的新研究中得出什么结论？
A. 环保主义者长期以来关于大熊猫保护的观念可能具有误导性。
B. 大熊猫栖息地附近的住房开发可能会威胁到它们的生存。
C. 大熊猫的自然栖息地越来越不适合繁殖。
D. 大熊猫数量的增加归因于其栖息地的碎片化。
48. What is the experts’ conclusion regarding pandas?
A. It is urgent to provide an ideal habitat for them to thrive.
B. It is very important to preserve their genetic diversity.
C. Their chances of finding new mates have a lot to do with their habitat.
D. Their environment for survival has been continuously worsening.
48. 专家们对大熊猫的结论是什么？
A. 为它们提供一个理想的栖息地以使其茁壮成长，迫在眉睫。
B. 保护它们的遗传多样性非常重要。
C. 它们找到新伴侣的机会与它们的栖息地有很大关系。
D. 它们的生存环境一直在持续恶化。
49. What can we infer from the passage about the Goldilocks principle?
A. It needs to be confirmed by more studies on pandas.
B. It applies to the preservation of pandas too.
C. It has implications for future panda research.
D. It can be used to locate the right spot for pandas.
49. 从文中我们可以推断出关于“金发女孩原则”的什么信息？
A. 这需要通过对大熊猫进行更多研究来确认。
B. 它同样适用于保护大熊猫。
C. 它对未来的大熊猫研究具有启示意义。
D. 它可用于为大熊猫确定合适的栖息地。
50. What can the new findings do according to Professor Sillero?
A. Help discover new ways for the conservation of pandas.
B. Help remove pandas from the list of endangered species.
C. Shed light on the conservation of most large meat-eating animals.
D. Show the complexity of interactions between humans and animals.
50. 根据西莱罗教授的说法，这些新发现能做什么？
A. 帮助探索保护大熊猫的新方法。
B. 帮助将大熊猫从濒危物种名单中移除。
C. 揭示大多数大型食肉动物的保护情况。
D. 展示人与动物之间互动的复杂性。
【答案】
【46-50】DACBC
Passage Two
第二段
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
第51至55题基于以下段落。
With those born with natural talents, it feels as if they excel without really trying. But what about those of us who don’t have a natural talent? We’ve been told all our lives that if you work hard, you too can succeed. But with the release of Angela Duckworth’s Grit, we are given a new key to success.
对于那些天生具有天赋的人来说，他们似乎不费吹灰之力就能脱颖而出。但我们这些没有天赋的人呢？我们从小到大都被灌输这样的观念：只要你努力，你也能成功。但随着安吉拉·达克沃斯《毅力》一书的出版，我们找到了通往成功的新钥匙。
“As much as talent counts, effort counts twice,” says Duckworth in Grit. She introduces a new concept that talent may be overrated, and if you want real success, what you need is grit, the perfect combination of passion and persistence. Even if you have natural talent, it’s nothing without grit.
“天赋固然重要，但努力更重要，”达克沃斯在《毅力》一书中说道。她提出了一个新概念：天赋可能被高估了，如果你想要真正的成功，你需要的是毅力，即激情与毅力的完美结合。即使你拥有天赋，没有毅力，那也毫无意义。
Duckworth says grit is the difference between success and failure. A person who has grit is more likely to succeed than a person who does not. When we think about attaining success — whether it’s landing that job or learning that new skill — our thoughts are immediately burdened by all the things we must first learn. If you want that new job, you have to learn the job skills, then the interview skills, then the dress part — and you must be perfect at all of them. Grit is different because it tells us that perfection isn’t the goal.
达克沃斯说，毅力是成功与失败之间的区别。有毅力的人比没有毅力的人更有可能成功。当我们考虑取得成功时——无论是获得那份工作还是学习新技能——我们的思绪立刻就会被我们必须首先学习的所有事情所困扰。如果你想要那份新工作，你必须先学习工作技能，然后是面试技巧，接着是着装部分——而且你必须在所有这些方面都做到完美。毅力则不同，因为它告诉我们，完美并不是目标。
Grit lifts the unreasonable expectations off our shoulders. Grit tells us that the door is open wider than we first thought possible. Grit allows us to redefine our goals. Think about it: what’s something you’ve always wanted to do, but gave up because you “don’t have the skills for it”? What’s something you love but aren’t good at?
毅力卸下了我们肩上那些不切实际的期望。毅力告诉我们，机会之门比我们最初想象的要敞开得更大。毅力让我们能够重新定义自己的目标。想想看：你一直想做但因为“没有那方面的技能”而放弃的事情是什么？你喜欢但并不擅长的事情是什么？
The real workings of grit are to have sustainable passion and continue to try. Effort means more than your natural ability. Even if you haven’t mastered a skill, grit tells you that you can still succeed if you can transform your passion into action. In a way, Duckworth is giving new hope to people who have shut the doors on their dreams. She is saying it is possible that you can accomplish anything. If at first you fail, then try one more time with grit.
坚韧的真正作用在于保持持久的激情并不断尝试。努力不仅仅取决于你的天赋能力。即使你尚未掌握某项技能，坚韧告诉你，只要你将激情转化为行动，你仍然可以取得成功。在某种程度上，达克沃斯为那些关闭梦想之门的人带来了新的希望。她告诉我们，任何事情都是有可能实现的。如果一开始失败了，那就用坚韧再试一次。
51. What does the passage say about people born with natural talents?
A. They seem to outdo others without hard work.
B. They appear to know all the secrets to success.
C. They feel it only too logical to succeed.
D. They are bound to excel effortlessly.
51. 这段话对天生具有天赋的人有什么看法？
A. 他们似乎不用努力就能超越他人。
B. 他们似乎掌握了所有成功的秘诀。
C. 他们觉得成功是再自然不过的事。
D. 他们注定会毫不费力地脱颖而出。
52. What does Duckworth say about talent?
A. It is a new concept much too overrated.
B. It proves necessary for big achievements.
C. It plays a lesser role in one’s success.
D. It is a guarantee for real success in life.
52. 达克沃斯对天赋有何看法？
A. 这是一个被过度吹捧的新概念。
B. 它证明了大成就的必要性。
C. 它在人的成功中扮演着次要角色。
D. 它是人生真正成功的保证。
53. What does the passage say about people thinking of attaining success?
A. They are puzzled how to present their best to the employer.
B. They are burdened by their expectation of perfection.
C. They will try hard to land a job that fits their skills best.
D. They will find themselves lacking in all the skills they need.
53. 关于人们追求成功，这篇文章说了什么？
A. 他们对于如何向雇主展现自己的最佳一面感到困惑。
B. 他们背负着对完美的期望所带来的重担。
C. 他们会努力找到一份最符合自己技能的工作。
D. 他们将发现自己缺乏所有需要的技能。
54. How does the author think grit can be helpful to us?
A. It allows us to know what we are good at.
B. It opens our eyes to new opportunities.
C. It focuses our attention on what we do.
D. It lets us reconsider the goals to achieve.
54. 作者认为毅力对我们有何帮助？
A. 它让我们了解自己的长处。
B. 它让我们看到了新的机遇。
C. 它让我们专注于自己的工作。
D. 它让我们重新思考要实现的目标。
55. What message does Duckworth try to convey in her book Grit?
A. We should perfect ourselves to ensure success.
B. We should stay persistent even in face of failures.
C. We can never master a skill without constant practice.
D. We can never expect to reach our goals without passion.
55. 达克沃斯在她的书《毅力》中试图传达什么信息？
A. 我们应该完善自己，以确保成功。
B. 即使面对失败，我们也应该坚持不懈。
C. 任何技能都需要不断练习才能掌握。
D. 没有激情，我们永远无法实现目标。
【答案】
【51-55】ACBDB
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
第四部分 翻译（30分钟）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
说明：本部分，你有30分钟的时间将一段中文翻译成英文。请将答案写在答题纸2上。
被誉为“杂交水稻 ( hybrid rice ) 之父”的袁隆平和他的科研团队克服重重困难，研发出了一种超级杂交水稻。这项技术获得了举世公认的巨大成功。通过这项技术的应用，水稻抗旱抗病能力更强，能适应不同的气候和土壤条件，产量可提高 20% ~ 30%。超级杂交水稻营养丰富，口感更佳。目前，这项技术已经在许多国家得到广泛应用，为全球粮食安全做出了重大贡献。
【答案】
Yuan Longping, known globally as the "Father of Hybrid Rice", and his research team overcame numerous challenges to successfully develop a super hybrid rice variety. This technology has been universally recognized as a tremendous success. Through the application of this technology, the rice exhibits stronger drought and disease resistance, adapts to diverse climatic and soil conditions, and achieves a 20-30% increase in yield. The super hybrid rice is also more nutritious and has a superior taste. Currently, the technology has been widely applied in many countries, making significant contributions to global food security.
