中考英语词形变化(梳理背诵版)

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中考英语词形变化(梳理背诵版)
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中考英语词形变化(按词性转化方向梳理)

一、名词变形(中考高频)
名→形(最常考,2类后缀)
1. +y:wind→windy,rain→rainy,health→healthy,luck→lucky
2.+ful:care→careful,help→helpful,wonder→wonderful
3. +less(否定):care→careless,hope→hopeless,use→useless
4.+al:nation→national,nature→natural,person→personal

music→musical   education→educational 
5. +ous:danger→dangerous,fame→famous
6. 特殊:pride→proud,pleasure→pleased/pleasant
名→副(先变形容词,再加ly)
health→healthy→healthily,luck→lucky→luckily,care→careful→carefully

二、动词变形
动→名(中考最高频,6类后缀)
1. +tion/sion:act→action,decide→decision,discuss→discussion,express→expression
2. +ment:develop→development,move→movement,improve→improvement
3. +er/or(表人):work→worker,teach→teacher,act→actor,invent→inventor
4. +ist(表职业):art→artist,science→scientist,piano→pianist
5. +ing(表动作/结果):meet→meeting,build→building,paint→painting
6. 特殊:die→death,know→knowledge,fly→flight,see→sight,lose→loss

动→形(2类核心)
1. +ing(主动/事物属性):surprise→surprising,interest→interesting,excite→exciting
2. +ed(被动/人的感受):surprise→surprised,interest→interested,excite→excited
3. 其他:help→helpful,care→careful/careless

动→副(先变形容词,再加ly)
act→active→actively,succeed→successful→successfully
三、形容词变形
形→名
1.+ness:kind→kindness,happy→happiness,ill→illness,dark→darkness
2.+ity: active→activity,possible→possibility,

3.把t 改为ce 

important→importance(重要)

different→difference(差异)

silent→silence(沉默)

patient→patience(耐心)

confident→confidence(信心)

convenient→convenience(便利)
4. 特殊:long→length(长度)
wide→width(宽度)
deep→depth(深度)
high→height(高度)
warm→warmth(温暖)
young→youth(青春)
proud→pride(骄傲)
true→truth(真相)
wise→wisdom(智慧)
brave→bravery(勇敢)
loyal→loyalty(忠诚)
royal→royalty(皇室)

形→副(必考)
1. 一般+ly:careful→carefully,slow→slowly,quick→quickly
2. 辅音+y结尾→变y为i+ly:happy→happily,angry→angrily,lucky→luckily
3. 以le结尾→去e+y:terrible→terribly  simple→simply,comfortable→comfortably,possible→possibly
4. 特殊:true→truly,

5.形副同形:fast/hard/late/early
形→动(少量高频)
1. +en:wide→widen,short→shorten,bright→brighten,dark→darken
2. +ize:real→realize,modern→modernize(可兼作名变动)
形→反义形(否定前缀)
1.un-:happy→unhappy,lucky→unlucky,comfortable→uncomfortable
2. im-(m/p/b前):possible→impossible,polite→impolite,perfect→imperfect
3. in-:formal→informal,active→inactive
4. dis-:honest→dishonest
5. ir-(r前):regular→irregular,responsible→irresponsible
四、副词变形(低频,仅考2类)
副→形(去掉ly,特殊还原)
carefully→careful,happily→happy,terribly→terrible;

特殊:hardly(副)→hard(形),truly→true
副→反义副(加否定前缀,多为un-/in-)
usually→unusually,fortunately→unfortunately,directly→indirectly
五、代词变形
人称代词:(必背)
主格→宾格→形容词性物主代词→名词性物主代词
I→me→my→mine;you→you→your→yours;he→him→his→his;she→her→her→hers;it→it→its→its;

we→us→our→ours;they→them→their→theirs
反身代词(主格+self/selves)

I→myself;;

he→himself;

she→herself;

it→itself;

you→yourself/yourselves

we→ourselves;

they→themselves

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