中考英语词汇阅读93(词汇量约为2031)

Kind-hearted   parents have unknowingly left⁽¹⁾ their children defenseless   against failure . The generation born⁽²⁾ between 1980 and 2001 grew   up playing⁽³⁾sports⁽⁴⁾ where scores and   performance were played⁽³⁾ down because "   everyone's winner ." And their report cards sounded⁽⁵⁾more⁽⁶⁾ positive than ever before . As a result , Stanford   University professor Carol Dweck , PhD , calls them " the overpraised   generation ."

Dweck   has been studying⁽⁷⁾ how people⁽⁸⁾ deal with failure for 40 years . Her research has   led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect   on how we react to it . Here's how they work :

A fixed⁽⁹⁾ mind-set is⁽¹⁰⁾grounded⁽¹¹⁾ in   the belief that talent is⁽¹⁰⁾ genetic   -- you're a born artist , point guard , or numbers person . The fixed⁽⁹⁾ mind-set believes it's sure to succeed without much   effort and regards⁽¹²⁾ failure   as personal shame . When things get difficult , it's quick to blame , lie ,   and even stay away from future difficulties .

On   the other hand , a growth mind-set believes that no talent is⁽¹⁰⁾ entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning⁽¹³⁾ make everything possible . Because the ego isn't on   the line as much , the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than   shame . When faced⁽¹⁴⁾ with   a difficulty , it's quick to rethink , change and try again . In fact , it   enjoys this experience .

We   are all born with growth mind-sets . ( Otherwise , we wouldn't be able to   live in the world .) But parents , teachers , and instructors often push us   into fixed⁽⁹⁾ mind-sets by encouraging⁽¹⁵⁾ certain actions and misdirecting praise . Dweck's   book , Mind-set : The New Psychology of Success , and online instructional   program explain this in depth . But she says there are many little things you   can start doing today to make sure that your children , grandchildren⁽¹⁶⁾ and even you are never defeated⁽¹⁷⁾ by failure .

郑重提示：认真看完全文再看问题。

1.What does the author think   about the present generation ?
   A. A . They don't do well at school .
   B. B . They are often misunderstood⁽¹⁸⁾ .
   C. C . They are eager to win in sports⁽⁴⁾ .
   D. D . They are given⁽¹⁹⁾ too much praise .

2.A fixed⁽⁹⁾ mind-set person is⁽¹⁰⁾ probably one who ________.
   A. A . doesn't want to work hard
   B. B . cares a lot about personal safety
   C. C . cannot share his ideas with others
   D. D . can succeed with the help of teachers

3.What does the growth   mind-set believe ?
   A. A . Admitting failure is⁽¹⁰⁾ shameful .
   B. B . Talent comes with one's birth .
   C. C . Scores should be highly valued⁽²⁰⁾ .
   D. D . Getting over difficulties is⁽¹⁰⁾ enjoyable .

4.What should parents do for   their children based on Dweck's study⁽⁷⁾ ?
   A. A . Encourage⁽¹⁵⁾ them to learn⁽¹³⁾ from failures .
   B. B . Prevent them from making mistakes .
   C. C . Guide them in doing little things .
   D. D . Help them grow with praise .

1. left
   leave的过去式、过去分词
   leave 英 [li:v] 美 [li:v]
   v. 让......处于

2. born 英[bɔ:n] 美[bɔrn]
   v;adj. 出生

3. playing
   play的现在分词
   play 英 [pleɪ] 美 [pleɪ]
   v;v. 玩

4. sports 英[spɔ:ts] 美[spɔts]
体育运动

5. sounded
   sound的过去式、过去分词
   sound 英 [saʊnd] 美 [saʊnd]
   n;v;adj;v. 声音, 发声音

6. more [mɔ:(r)]
   adv;adj. 更, 更多

7. studying
   study的现在分词
   study 英 [ˈstʌdi] 美 [ˈstʌdi]
   n;v;n. 学习, 研究

8. people 英[ˈpi:pl] 美[ˈpipəl]
   n. 人, 人们

9. fixed [fɪkst]
   adj. 固定的, 不变的

10. is [ɪz]
是

11. grounded 英[ˈgraʊndɪd]
理智的

12. regards 英[rɪˈgɑ:dz] 美[rɪˈgɑdz]
关于, 至于

13. learning
   learn的现在分词
   learn 英 [lɜ:n] 美 [lɜrn]
   v;v. 得知, 获悉, 学习

14. faced
   face的过去式、过去分词
   face 英 [feɪs] 美 [fes]
   n;v. 面对, 面向

15. encouraging
   encourage的现在分词、形容词形式
   encourage 英 [ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ] 美 [ɪnˈkɜrɪdʒ]
   v;v. 鼓励, 促进

16. grandchildren [ɡˈræntʃɪldrən]
孙子, 孙女

17. defeated
   defeat的过去式、过去分词
   defeat 英 [dɪˈfi:t] 美 [dɪˈfit]
   v;n. 击败, 战胜, 挫败

18. misunderstood 英[ˌmɪsʌndəˈstʊd] 美[ˌmɪsʌndɚˈstʊd]
被误解的

19. given 英[ˈgɪvn] 美[ˈɡɪvən]
假设的, 指定的, 鉴于

20. valued
   value的过去式、过去分词
   value 英 [ˈvælju:] 美 [ˈvælju]
   n;v;v. 价值, 珍视, 估价, 评价

The   color red often means danger --- and by paying attention , accidents can be   prevented . At railroad⁽²¹⁾ crossings   , flashing red fights warn cars to stay back . A red light at a traffic   crossing tells cars to stop , so they don't run into other cars .

In   the future , the color red also may help prevent danger at construction sites   . Thanks to new work by engineers , bridge supports --- or other kinds of   materials --- could one day contain a color-changing material . It will turn   red before a structure collapses or falls apart .

The   secret behind the color-changing material is a particular type of molecule⁽²²⁾ . Molecules⁽²²⁾ come   in all shapes and sizes , and make up everything you can see , touch or feel   . How a molecule⁽²²⁾behaves depends on what kinds of atoms⁽²³⁾ it contains , and how they're held together .

To   get a rough picture of one way atoms⁽²³⁾ are   held together in a molecule⁽²²⁾ ,   imagine you and your friends standing in a large circle⁽²⁴⁾ , holding hands . Each person represents one atom⁽²³⁾ , your clasped⁽²⁵⁾ hands   represent the bond , and the entire circle⁽²⁴⁾ represents   a molecule⁽²²⁾ .

The molecule⁽²²⁾ being used to turn the material red is called   mechanophore . When one chemical bond in the mechanophore molecule⁽²²⁾ breaks , the rest of the molecule⁽²²⁾ turns red .

There   is a way to get rid of~ the red color : light . When a bright light is  shone on the mechanophore , the broken bond is fixed and the   red color disappears . This " self-healing⁽²⁶⁾ "   may be a problem for engineers who want to use the color-changer in big   construction projects that will be outside , in the sunlight . And if   bright light keeps the red color from appearing , then the mechanophore's   warning system will be useless .

Scientists   still have a lot of work to do before the color-changing molecules⁽²²⁾ can be used outside the lab . If mechanophore can   be used in the real world , they are suggested to be employed⁽²⁷⁾ in a new kind of paint .

郑重提示：认真看完全文再看问题。

5.The first paragraph mainly   tells us __________.
   A. the color red is widely used in our life
   B. how to prevent car accidents
   C. the color is an important signal of warning
   D. how to use color red

6.The color red will be used   at construction sites to _________.
   A. tell different materials used in the building
   B. warn people that the building is dangerous
   C. make the building more beautiful
   D. tell people the building is under construction

7.The example given in the   fourth paragraph is to show _________.
   A. the way atoms⁽²³⁾ are held together in a molecule⁽²²⁾
   B. how a molecule⁽²²⁾behaves in   an object
   C. how to play an old game
   D. how people get along with each other

8.What can make the   mechanophore’s warning systemineffective⁽²⁸⁾ ?
   A. Paints
   B. Water
   C. Poor building materials
   D. The bright light

21. railroad 英[ˈreɪlrəʊd] 美[ˈreɪlroʊd]
   n. 铁路

22. molecule 英[ˈmɒlɪkju:l] 美[ˈmɑlɪkjul]
   n. 分子

23. atoms
   atom的复数
   atom 英 [ˈætəm] 美 [ˈætəm]
   n. 原子, 原子能

24. circle 英[ˈsɜ:kl] 美[ˈsɜrkl]
   n;v. 圆, 圈子

25. clasped
攥紧

26. self-healing 英[ˈselfhˈi:lɪŋ] 美[ˈselfhˈilɪŋ]
自复的

27. employed [ɪmˈplɔɪd]
使用, 利用

28. ineffective 英[ˌɪnɪˈfektɪv] 美[ˌɪnɪˈfɛktɪv]
不起作用的