
在现代农业转型的背景下,一个复杂的英语句子犹如一面多棱镜,既折射出技术赋能的时代图景,也凝聚了英语语法中从句嵌套的精华。今天我们将聚焦2025年山东考题中的这一长句,它生动描述了山东农民应对气候挑战、引入智能系统的过程。句子在结构上精巧融合了时间、定语、宾语及结果状语等多类从句,并使用了过去完成进行时(had been using)这一高阶时态来强调传统的长期延续性。理解这个句子,不仅能让我们把握“科技兴农”的叙事逻辑,更是攻克长难句分析、掌握从句综合运用的一次绝佳实战演练。
原句:
When farmers in Shandong who had been using traditional planting methods forgener ations found that crop yields were decreasing due to climate change, they introduced a smart farming system that combines LOT sensors with AI algorithms, which has not only increased production by 40% but also reduced water consumptionin the province's major agricultural areas.(2025山东)
一、句子成分与结构填空题
1.句首"When farmers in Shandong who had been using traditional methods
found that..."是______从句,引导词是______,表示______关系,从句中"had been
using"使用______时态。
2."who had been using traditional planting methods for generations"是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______,引导词在从句中作______成分。
3."that crop yields were decreasing due to climate change"是______从句,由______引导,在主句中作______成分。
4."that combines IoT sensors with AI algorithms"是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______。
5."which has not only increased production by 40% but also reduced water consumption"是______从句,引导词是______,修饰的先行词是______(填整个句子或具体名词)。
6.并列结构"not only...but also..."连接的两个谓语动词是______和______。
二、答案与解析
1.答案:时间状语;When;时间;过去完成进行时
解析:
When引导时间状语从句,表“当山东农民发现产量下降时”,"hadbeenusing"是过去完成进行时,强调“世代沿用传统方法”的动作在“发现问题”前持续进行。
2.答案:定语;who;farmers;主语
解析:
who指代先行词"farmers",在从句中作主语,修饰“山东世代使用传统方法的农民”,引导词不可省略。
3.答案:宾语;that;宾语
解析:
that引导宾语从句,作主句谓语"found"的宾语,说明农民“发现的内容”,从句用过去进行时"were decreasing"呼应主句时态。
4.答案:定语;that;smart farming system
解析:
that指代先行词"system",在从句中作主语,修饰“融合物联网传感器与AI算法的智能农业系统”。
5.答案:非限制性定语;which;
整个主句(they introduced a smart farming system...)
解析:
which指代主句“引入智能系统”这一行为,在从句中作主语,用逗号隔开,强调该系统对农业的影响。
6.答案:increased;reduced
解析:
not only...but also...连接并列谓语,均用现在完成时,与主语which(指代行为)的单数形式一致。
三、句子结构成分详细分析
1.主句
→主语:they(山东农民)
→谓语:introduced
→宾语:a smart farming system
→定语从句:that combines...algorithms(修饰system)
→非限制性定语从句:which has increased...(修饰主句整体)
2.时间状语从句
→引导词:When
→主语:farmers in Shandong
→定语从句:who had been using...(修饰farmers)
→谓语:found
→宾语:that引导的宾语从句(crop yields were decreasing...)
3.宾语从句
→主语:crop yields
→谓语:were decreasing
→原因状语:due to climate change
4.定语从句(修饰system)
→谓语:combines
→宾语1:IoT sensors
→宾语2:AI algorithms
5.非限制性定语从句
→并列谓语1:has increased production by 40%
→并列谓语2:has reduced water consumption
→地点状语:in the province's major agricultural areas
四、翻译训练
●逐部分翻译:
·When farmers in Shandong who had been using traditional planting methods
forgenerationsfoundthatcropyieldsweredecreasingduetoclimatechange:当山东世代使用传统种植方法的农民发现由于气候变化导致作物产量下降时
·they introduced a smart farming system:他们引入了一种智能农业系统
·that combines IoT sensors with AI algorithms:该系统将物联网传感器与人工智能算法相结合
·which has not only increased production by 40% but also reduced water consumption in the province's major agricultural areas:这不仅使产量提高了40%,还减少了该省主要农业区的用水量
●整句翻译:
When farmers in Shandong who had been using traditional planting methods forgener ations found that crop yields were decreasing due to climate change, they introduced a smart farming system that combines LOT sensors with AI algorithms, which has not only increased production by 40% but also reduced water consumptionin the province's major agricultural areas.(2025山东)
当山东世代使用传统种植方法的农民发现由于气候变化导致作物产量下降时,他们引
入了一种将物联网传感器与人工智能算法相结合的智能农业系统,这不仅使产量提高
了40%,还减少了该省主要农业区的用水量。
五、语法知识总结
1.过去完成进行时:
表示“过去某时前持续进行的动作”,如"had been using"强调“长期沿用传统方法”。
2.非限制性定语从句:
which指代整个主句,不可用that,如"Theproject succeeded, which inspired others."
3.due to与becauseof:
均表原因,后接名词/短语,如"due to climate change"。
4.固定搭配:
→traditional planting methods传统种植方法;
→combine...with...将……与……结合;
→crop yields作物产量;
→water consumption水消耗量。
通过以上细致的拆解,我们可以清晰地看到,这个句子以When引导的时间状语从句为起点,逐步展开一个包含多重修饰的完整叙事链。其核心语法亮点在于:第一,who引导的定语从句中,使用过去完成进行时(had been using),精准表达了“世代沿用”这一在“发现问题”之前一直持续的状态;第二,句末由which引导的非限制性定语从句,概括了主句“引入智能系统”这一行为所带来的双重积极成果;第三,not only...but also... 结构并列两个现在完成时的谓语动词(has increased, has reduced),清晰地展现了成效。建议学习者在掌握结构的基础上,进一步体会due to、combine...with... 等实用表达的运用。掌握此类句式的分析方法,将有效提升我们在学术和实用场景下理解复杂信息、构建严谨论述的能力。



