2026中考英语专题复习——动词(最全考点+必背清单+易错点),高分必备!

今天，王老师整理了2026中考英语专题复习——动词（最全考点+必背清单+易错点），高分必备！

一、动词的5大分类（中考基础，单选/完形高频考）1. 实义动词（有实际意义，能独立作谓语）【重中之重】- 及物动词(vt.)：后面必须接宾语，缺一不可例：say (说)、like (喜欢)、give (给)、tell (告诉)、teach (教)- 不及物动词(vi.)：后面不接宾语；要接宾语必须加介词例：run (跑)、swim (游泳)、come (来)、go (去)；arrive in/at (到达)、listen to (听)、look at (看)2. 连系动词（系动词，无实际动作，后接表语，构成“主系表”）高频必背系动词3类，中考必考！① be动词：am, is, are, was, were, been② 感官系动词：look(看起来) sound(听起来) smell(闻起来) taste(尝起来) feel(摸起来/感觉)③ 状态/变化系动词：get(变得) turn(变得，表颜色) become(成为) grow(渐渐变得) keep(保持) stay(保持)易错点：系动词后接形容词，不接副词！✔️ He looks happy. ❌ He looks happily.3. 助动词（无实际意义，帮助构成时态/语态/否定/疑问，不能独立作谓语）必考高频助动词：do/does/did；have/has/had；will/shall；be动词(am/is/are/was/were)4. 情态动词（表“情绪/语气/能力”，后接动词原形，中考核心考点）✅ 情态动词清单（全部必背，无例外）can (能/会)、could (能，过去式/委婉请求)、may (可以/可能)、might (可能，过去式)、must (必须/一定)、need (需要)、should (应该，表建议)、will (将要/愿意)、would (过去式/委婉请求)✅ 情态动词核心考点1. 后接动词原形，无人称/数的变化；2. must的否定：mustn't = 禁止、不许； 回答must的问句：否定用 needn't = 不必例：—Must I finish it now? —No, you needn't.3. could/would 表“委婉请求”，比can/will更礼貌，回答用can/will即可。5. 情态动词之外的「半情态动词」need：① 情态动词（否定 needn’t，后接原形，多用于否定/疑问）② 实义动词（need to do sth. 需要做某事，有人称变化）例：He needn't go. = He doesn't need to go.二、动词的4大核心形式（中考所有时态的基础，必须背熟）所有动词都有这4种形式，不规则动词是中考最大难点+必考点，单独整理在后面！1. 原形：do / go / eat2. 第三人称单数形式（三单）：does / goes / eats 【规则+不规则】3. 过去式：did / went / ate 【规则+不规则】4. 过去分词：done / gone / eaten 【规则+不规则】✅ 必考规则变化（99%动词适用，记规则，省时间）1. 动词三单变化规则（一般现在时，主语是：第三人称单数「he/she/it/人名/单数名词」时用）① 直接加 s：play → plays，work → works② 以 s/x/ch/sh/o 结尾，加 es：pass→passes，fix→fixes，watch→watches，wash→washes，do→does，go→goes③ 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es：study→studies，fly→flies；元音字母+y结尾，直接加s：play→plays，say→says2. 动词过去式/过去分词 规则变化（2种变法，通用）① 直接加 ed：walk → walked，help → helped② 以 e 结尾，加 d：live → lived，love → loved③ 辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+ed：study→studied，cry→cried④ 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅）结尾，双写末尾辅音+ed：stop→stopped，plan→planned，shop→shopped三、中考动词「高频不规则动词表」（必考！重中之重，背会=多拿10分）✅ 按中考出现频率排序，分3类，优先背熟前2类，全是高频考点，完形/单选/填空必考！第一类（必考★★★★★，必须默写过关）be (am/is/are) — was/were — beendo — did — donego — went — gonehave/has — had — hadeat — ate — eatenget — got — gotgive — gave — givenmake — made — madetake — took — takencome — came — comesay — said — saidsee — saw — seentell — told — toldthink — thought — thoughtknow — knew — knownfind — found — found第二类（高频★★★★，常考，必须背）drink — drank — drunkswim — swam — swumsing — sang — sungsit — sat — satstand — stood — stoodbuy — bought — boughtbring — brought — broughtforget — forgot — forgottenremember — remembered — rememberedwrite — wrote — writtenread — read — read (发音不同 /riːd/ → /red/)ride — rode — riddendrive — drove — driven第三类（常考★★★，易混，多看多记）begin — began — begunbreak — broke — brokenchoose — chose — chosenfly — flew — flownhurt — hurt — hurtlearn — learnt/learned — learnt/learnedleave — left — leftmeet — met — metsleep — slept — sleptspeak — spoke — spokenwear — wore — worn小技巧：不规则动词很多是原形/过去式/过去分词 同形，直接记：cut-cut-cut，put-put-put，let-let-let，cost-cost-cost四、动词的核心考点：时态（中考动词的重中之重，占分最高）✅ 中考必考的6种时态，按重要程度排序，所有考点+结构+标志词+例句，全部必背！核心公式：时态 = 动词形式变化； 所有时态的考点，都是「结构+标志词」的匹配，看到标志词，立刻定时态！1. 一般现在时（最基础，必考）▷ 结构：① 主语+动词原形 ② 主语三单+动词三单形式▷ 标志词：always (总是)、usually (通常)、often (经常)、sometimes (有时)、never (从不)、every day/week/month (每天/周/月)▷ 用法：表经常性、习惯性的动作/状态，或客观真理（如：地球绕太阳转）2. 一般过去时（中考分值最高，必考）▷ 结构：主语+动词过去式 (be动词用was/were)▷ 标志词：yesterday (昨天)、last week/month (上周/月)、just now (刚才)、...ago (多久前)、in 2020 (过去的年份)▷ 易错点：看到过去的标志词，动词必须用过去式，不管主语是谁！3. 一般将来时（必考，2种结构，无例外）▷ 结构①：主语+ will + 动词原形 （所有人称通用，最常用）▷ 结构②：主语+ be going to + 动词原形 （表“计划、打算、有迹象要发生”）▷ 标志词：tomorrow (明天)、next week/month (下周/月)、in the future (将来)、in + 一段时间（多久后）4. 现在进行时（必考，易和一般现在时混淆）▷ 结构：主语+ am/is/are + doing (动词现在分词)▷ 标志词：now (现在)、look! (看！)、listen! (听！)、at the moment (此刻)▷ 用法：表此时此刻正在进行的动作，或现阶段正在做的事5. 现在完成时（中考难点+重点，完形/单选必考，易错题最多）▷ 结构：主语+ have/has + 过去分词 (三单用has，其余用have)▷ 核心标志词（看到就用这个时态，必考！）：already (已经)、yet (还，用于否定/疑问)、ever (曾经)、never (从不)、just (刚刚)、since (自从)、for + 时间段、so far (到目前为止)▷ 黄金规则：现在完成时，绝对不能和过去的具体时间连用（如yesterday, last week）！6. 过去进行时（中频考点，单选常考）▷ 结构：主语+ was/were + doing▷ 标志词：at 8 o'clock yesterday (昨天八点)、this time yesterday (昨天这个时候)▷ 用法：表过去某个时间点/时间段，正在进行的动作五、动词的2大重要用法（中考单选/完形/写作高频考点，必背）✅ 考点1：动词的固定搭配（非谓语动词，中考占分极高，易混易错）核心：英语中，一个句子只能有1个谓语动词，剩下的动词都要变成「非谓语形式」：to do / doing / done🔴 必考「接 to do 原形」的动词（只接to do，不接doing，背熟）want to do sth. 想要做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事try to do sth. 尽力做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事🔴 必考「接 doing 形式」的动词（只接doing，不接to do，背熟）enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事finish doing sth. 完成做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事keep doing sth. 一直做某事avoid doing sth. 避免做某事🔴 必考「既可接to do，也可接doing」的动词（易混点，中考高频考）① like/love doing sth. (习惯性喜欢) / like/love to do sth. (具体某次喜欢)② stop doing sth. (停止正在做的事) / stop to do sth. (停下来去做另一件事)③ forget doing sth. (忘记做过某事，已做) / forget to do sth. (忘记要做某事，未做)④ remember doing sth. (记得做过某事) / remember to do sth. (记得要做某事)✅ 考点2：使役动词 & 感官动词（中考单选必考，1分必拿）1. 使役动词：make / let / have (让、使)▷ 固定结构：make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事（后接动词原形，不加to）▷ 被动语态：sb. be made to do sth. (被动要加to)例：The teacher made him clean the classroom. → He was made to clean the classroom.2. 感官动词：see / watch / hear / notice / feel (看见/看/听见/注意到/感觉)▷ 结构①：see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事（看到动作的全过程/经常性）▷ 结构②：see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事（看到动作正在进行）例：I saw her dance in the park. (我看到她在公园跳舞了，全过程)I saw her dancing in the park. (我看到她正在公园跳舞)六、动词易错点汇总（中考高频错题，避开=提分！）1. 主谓一致：主语是三单，一般现在时的动词必须变三单（加s/es）；2. 系动词后接形容词，副词修饰实义动词（例：run quickly 跑得快）；3. 情态动词后永远接动词原形，无人称变化；4. 不及物动词接宾语，必须加介词（例：look at me，不是look me）；5. 现在完成时不能和“具体过去时间”连用（如yesterday）；6. make/let/have 后接动词原形，被动语态要加to；7. 不规则动词的过去式/过去分词，一定要默写过关，不能凭感觉写！七、动词专项小练习（中考真题改编，检测考点掌握情况，附答案）单选（每题都是中考高频考点）1. My mother often ___ (cook) dinner for us. (cooks)2. He ___ (arrive) in Beijing yesterday morning. (arrived)3. Look! The boys ___ (play) basketball on the playground. (are playing)4. I ___ (learn) English for 5 years. (have learned)5. The teacher told us ___ (not talk) in class. (not to talk)6. She enjoys ___ (read) books in her free time. (reading)7. —Must I clean the room now? —No, you ___. (needn't)8. I saw him ___ (swim) in the river just now. (swim)答案：1.cooks 2.arrived 3.are playing 4.have learned 5.not to talk 6.reading 7.needn't 8.swim