一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、由who, whom, that,whose引导的从句这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略)，可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)(3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师(4) The man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。2.指物which/that which/that whose(主语）（宾语）（定语）The book which I bought yesterday was writen by Lu xun.(主语）The letter which I received yesterday was from my father.(宾语）This is a book whose cover is blue.(定语）二．只能用that的情况1.先行词前有最高级 This is the most beautiful dress that I have ever seen.2.先行词前有序数词 The first smartphone that I used was an iphone 4.3.先行词是人和物 I can remember the people and some animals that I saw in this picture.4.先行词为不定代词 There is nothing that is more important than this.5.先行词前有限定词修饰（the only,the very,the same,the last) The little prince is the only French novel that I have read.三．关系副词引导的宾语从句 关系副词先行词成分 when 时间时间状语 where 地点地点状语 Why 原因原因状语I want to know the time when The Titanic was filmed.Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?1.A magnetic field may be represented in ______ manner ______ an electric field. A. such …as B. the same … as C.such … that D. the same … which2.We’ve all heard of Thomas Edison, ______ invented the electric light and many other things. A.the man who B. that C. which D. a man who3.He talked about the classmates and the school ____ he had visited A.who B. that C. which D. about which 4.You have seen the girl ____ sister is a Chinese teacher. A.whom B. of whom C. whose D. of which 5.We should do all ____ is useful to people. A./ B. that C. it D. which 6.We came to a place ____ they had never paid a visit before. A.which B. in which C. on which D. to which 7.Those ____ finished doing it put up your hands.A. who have B. who has C. which have D. have 8.The man ____ was a friend of mine. A.that you just talked toB.whom you just talked to him C.who you just talked to himD.which you just talked to 9.I went to the school ____ my father once worked. A.that B. which C. where D. on which 10.I shall never forget those years ________ I lived in the country with the farmers, _________has a great effect on my life. A.that; which B. when; which C.which; that D. when; who【答案与解析】1.B 解析：such ...as结构, 或 the same ....as结构，such as 强调事物，the same as强调相似性。2.A解析：非限定性定语从句先行语，Thomas Edison, 放入从句为Thomas Edison invented the electric light and many other things, 先行词在从句中作主语，先行词指人，只能用who。 限定性定语从句，先行词为the man或a man, 放入从句时在从句中也作主语，先行词指人在从句中作主语，引导词可以用who/that. the man特指，强调只有他一个人，a man泛指，侧重于表示他只是其中之一。3.B解析：先行词为the classmates and the school，从句为he had visited, 二者构成的完整句为He had visited the classmates and the school. 所以不难发现先行词在限定性定语从句中作visited的宾语使用，先行词既指人又指物。 因此，答案为B4.C解析：此句先行词为the girl，定语从句为sister is a Chinese teacher，二者构成的完整句为The girl's sister is a Chinese teacher. 先行词的's所有格构成的所属关系结构在从句中作定语。5.B解析：此句中先行词all为不定代词，从句为isuseful to people，从句缺主语， 二者构成的完整句为All is useful to people.为了便于理解，All =All the things/ everything.所以从句的完整句还可以写成Everything is useful to people; 或All the things are useful to people.6.D解析：考查定语从句随意性关系引导词。此句先行词为a place, 从句为they had never paid a visit before, 二者构成的完整句为They had never paid a visit to the place before.7.A解析：此句中，those为定语从句的先行词，相当于those students/clerks, finished diong it为定语从句成分，从句缺主语以及谓语动词的完成时态助动词。主语指人，用一般引导词who, 引导词数量与先行词一致为复数。8.A解析：此句中先行词在从句中作介词宾语，先行词相同意思用引导词充当，先行词指人。9.C解析：此句先行词the school, 定语从句my father once worked,二者构成的完整句o为My father once worked in the school. in the school可以用固定关系引导词中的地点关系引导词where表示, 也可以用随意性关系引导词in which表示。10.B解析：前一定语从句的完整句为I lived in the country with the farmers those years. 先行词在从句中作非主宾表成分，先行词与时间相关。后一定语从句的完整句转为The experience has a great effect on my life. The experience= I lived in the country with the farmers those years。
