2026考研英语一真题(详细解析版)

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2026考研英语一真题(详细解析版)

2026 考研英语(一)

真题超详解

—— 逐题精解 · 核心词汇 · 长难句剖析 · 解题技巧 · 高分范文模板 ——

适用对象:考研英语(一)备考人员

内容涵盖:完形填空 · 阅读理解 Part A / Part B / Part C · 写作

2026

前言

本文在 2026 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)真题的基础上重新编排而成,是一份面向备考人员的详解型资料。与市面上常见的"真题+答案"版本不同,本文对每一道题都给出了完整的解题过程,并在此基础上补充了核心词汇、长难句剖析、答题技巧与写作模板四大模块,力求做到"做一套题、吃透一类题"。

很多同学做完真题后最大的困惑是:答案看懂了,但换成新的文章仍然做不对。 出现这种情况,往往不是词汇量不够,而是缺少"从题干回到原文、从原文验证选项"的方法训练。本文的逐题精解,重点不在于告诉你"选 C",而在于还原为什么是 C、为什么不是 A/B/D,把命题人的思路翻译成你可以复用的解题动作。

备考总览

一、考研英语(一)试卷结构

题型

部分

题量

分值

建议用时

英语知识运用(完形填空)

Section I

20 题

10 分

15 分钟

阅读理解 Part A(传统阅读)

Section II

20 题

40 分

60 分钟

阅读理解 Part B(新题型)

Section II

5 题

10 分

20 分钟

阅读理解 Part C(翻译)

Section II

5 句

10 分

20 分钟

写作 Part A(应用文)

Section III

1 题

10 分

15 分钟

写作 Part B(短文写作)

Section III

1 题

20 分

35 分钟

说明:以上分值与用时为通行安排,实际作答顺序可根据个人习惯调整,但"阅读+新题型+翻译"合计 60 分,是决定成败的主战场。

二、本资料的编排体例

本文依照试卷顺序划分为五个主体部分,外加附录。每一个部分都采用统一的结构,方便你按需检索:

·真题原文与参考译文:完整呈现原文,逐段给出参考译文,便于对照理解。

·逐题精解:给出答案、考点定位、原文依据、选项正误分析与干扰项排除理由。

·核心词汇与固定搭配:按"词汇—音标—词性—释义—真题用法"的形式整理,只收录反复出现的高价值词。

·长难句精析:挑出结构复杂、容易读错的句子,做断句、主干提取与难点注释。

·解题技巧与命题规律:把本部分题目背后的通用方法提炼成可操作的动作清单。

三、通用备考与答题策略

·先题后文、带着问题读:阅读时先扫描题干,圈定专有名词、数字、态度词,再回到原文定位,能显著缩短时间。

·答案必有出处:每一个正确选项都应在原文中有对应依据句;找不到依据的选项,多半是干扰项。

·警惕"原文原词"陷阱:正确答案常用同义替换,而干扰项偏爱照抄原文却张冠李戴。

·完形填空看逻辑:先判断空前后是并列、转折、因果还是举例,再由语义定词,切忌一开始就逐词翻译。

·翻译要"先拆后合":先把长句拆成若干意群,理清主干与修饰关系,再按中文表达习惯重新组合。

·写作重结构、轻花哨:应用文讲清"写什么、给谁、为什么",短文写作做到"描述—分析—评论"三段清晰,比堆砌难词更得分。

建议使用方法:第一遍限时模拟,写出自己的答案;第二遍对照精解,标出"错因";第三遍只复习词汇、长难句和技巧,形成个人错题清单。反复三轮,效果最佳。

第一部分 英语知识运用(完形填空)

本部分共 20 小题,每小题 0.5 分,共 10 分。文章主题为"人工智能与美",讨论 AI 在审美与美容领域的积极作用及潜在伦理风险,属于典型的说明+议论文,逻辑线索清晰,是完形填空中最容易通过"逻辑+词汇"稳拿分数的一类。

一、真题原文

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly changing every aspect of human life. The world of AI is buzzing with an exciting potential to improve and enrich our lives. (1)____, AI also has the potential hazard of (2)____ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control. One such (3)____ is how we understand and experience beauty.

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors (4)____ human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic (5)____ that are beautiful to the human eye. These collaborations are likely to become increasingly common. (6)____, as convenient and provocative, AI enables virtual try-on experiences where you can virtually (7)____ makeup, hairstyles, clothing, and even cosmetic procedures (8)____ making any physical changes. Individuals can now experiment with different looks and (9)____ their preferences, potentially expanding the range of beauty ideals.

AI algorithms can (10)____ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations. This (11)____ approach aims to cater to individual preferences and enhance the concept of beauty tailored to each person's unique characteristics. (12)____, AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical (13)____. There is a risk of deepening societal beauty (14)____ and perpetuating unattainable beauty standards. (15)____, AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception and (16)____ body dissatisfaction. As summarized in a recent post on "The Hidden Dangers of Online Beauty Filters", (17)____ on this technology for social presentation can cause harm — (18)____ body image issues, lower self-esteem, and social anxiety.

It's important to note that while AI can enhance our (19)____ of beauty, it should not (20)____ the genuine human experience and the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

二、参考译文

人工智能(AI)的进步正在迅速改变人类生活的方方面面。人工智能领域正充满着令人兴奋的潜力,有望改善和丰富我们的生活。然而,人工智能也有可能以我们难以控制的方式主宰我们的体验。其中一个领域就是我们如何理解和体验美。

人工智能可以成为各种创造性工作中的协作工具。在人类创造力与 AI 算法结合的场景下,可以创造出独特且赏心悦目的艺术成果。这种合作方式可能会变得越来越普遍。例如,人工智能既方便又具有启发性,它提供了虚拟试穿体验,让你在做出任何实际改变之前,可以虚拟地尝试不同的妆容、发型、服装,甚至美容程序。现在,个人可以尝试不同的外观,探索自己的喜好,从而可能拓宽审美理想的范围。

人工智能算法能够分析面部特征和皮肤状况,从而提供个性化的美容建议。这种定制化的方法旨在满足个人偏好,并增强根据每个人独特特征量身定制的美容理念。这样,人工智能就能成为自我探索的有趣工具。

尽管人工智能带来了令人振奋的可能性,但它也引发了伦理方面的担忧。AI 有可能加剧社会对美的压力,并使难以企及的审美标准永久化。此外,基于 AI 的美颜滤镜和编辑工具可能导致扭曲的自我认知,加剧对身体的不满。正如最近一篇关于"网络美颜滤镜的隐患"的文章所总结的那样,依赖这种技术进行社交展示可能会造成伤害,例如身体形象问题、自尊心降低和社交焦虑。

值得注意的是,虽然人工智能能够提升我们对美的欣赏,但它不应取代人与人之间真正的体验以及我们从彼此身上看到的美中所获得的情感联系。

三、逐题精解(1–20)

第 1 题

(1)____, AI also has the potential hazard of ...

答案:A(Still)

·考点: 逻辑衔接(句间转折)。

·解析: 前一句说 AI 有令人兴奋的潜力,本句用 also 引出"潜在的危害",语义由"利好"转向"风险",需要一个表转折/让步的连接词。"Still"在书面语中意为"尽管如此",恰当地承上转折,与后文 also 配合自然。

·干扰项排除: B. Therefore(因此)表因果,前后并非因果关系;C. Afterward(之后)只表时间先后;D. Instead(相反)表替代性转折,语气过强,与前句并不构成"非此即彼"的对立。

第 2 题

AI also has the potential hazard of (2)____ our experiences in ways we might find difficult to control.

答案:D(dominating)

·考点: 词义辨析(语境搭配)。

·解析: 空格后为 in ways we might find difficult to control(以我们难以控制的方式),强调 AI 对体验的掌控。"dominating(主导、支配)"与 difficult to control 语义呼应,最能体现"失控"风险。

·干扰项排除: A. reviewing(回顾)与 B. narrating(叙述)均与"控制体验"无关;C. ignoring(忽视)语义消极但与 control 无逻辑关联,且"忽视体验"并非风险所在。

第 3 题

One such (3)____ is how we understand and experience beauty.

答案:B(area)

·考点: 名词辨析(上下文回指)。

·解析: One such ____ 指的是上文所说的"人类生活的一个方面(aspect)",此处需一个表示"领域、方面"的词。"area(领域、方面)"与首句 every aspect 相呼应,衔接自然。

·干扰项排除: A. reason(原因)不表"领域";C. clue(线索)语义偏差;D. belief(信念)指的是观念而非"生活领域"。

第 4 题

AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors (4)____ human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic ...

答案:C(Combining)

·考点: 词义辨析(动名词逻辑主语)。

·解析: 后文 and AI algorithms 提示空格处应与 human creativity 并列,共同作"结合"的主体(即"把人类创造力与 AI 算法结合起来")。"Combining(结合)"直接对应下文 these collaborations(这些协作),是明显的同义复现线索。

·干扰项排除: A. Balancing(平衡)强调均衡而非结合;B. Distributing(分配)指向资源分配;D. Introducing(引入)与 collaborations 语义不搭。

第 5 题

... can lead to unique artistic (5)____ that are beautiful to the human eye.

答案:B(outcomes)

·考点: 名词辨析(搭配 lead to)。

·解析: lead to(导致、产生)后接结果性名词,"artistic outcomes(艺术成果)"最符合"产生独特且悦目的作品"之意。

·干扰项排除: A. prospects(前景)指未来可能性,与"已产生的结果"不符;C. ambitions(抱负)指主观愿望;D. sentiments(情感)与"艺术作品"无直接关系。

第 6 题

... are likely to become increasingly common. (6)____, as convenient and provocative, AI enables virtual try-on experiences ...

答案:C(For instance)

·考点: 逻辑衔接(举例)。

·解析: 前句说这种合作将越来越普遍,本句随即给出"虚拟试穿"这一具体例子,是典型的举例关系,用 For instance 衔接最贴切。

·干扰项排除: A. At first(起初)表时间;B. By comparison(相比之下)需对比对象;D. In general(总的来说)表概括,与后文具体举例相反。

第 7 题

... you can virtually (7)____ makeup, hairstyles, clothing, and even cosmetic procedures ...

答案:A(test)

·考点: 动词辨析(试穿语境)。

·解析: 本句描述"虚拟试穿体验",其核心动作就是"试用、尝试"各类妆容与服饰。"test(测试、尝试)"与 try-on(试穿)语义一致。

·干扰项排除: B. copy(复制)、C. link(连接)、D. save(保存)都不能表达"试用妆容衣物"的动作。

第 8 题

... virtually test makeup, ... even cosmetic procedures (8)____ making any physical changes.

答案:D(before)

·考点: 介词辨析(时间逻辑)。

·解析: 句意为"在做出任何实际改变之前先虚拟试用",强调先后顺序,用 before 最准确。

·干扰项排除: A. upon(一……就)、B. beyond(超出)、C. through(通过)都不表"在先"的时间关系。

第 9 题

Individuals can now experiment with different looks and (9)____ their preferences ...

答案:A(explore)

·考点: 动词辨析(与 preferences 搭配)。

·解析: experiment with different looks(尝试不同造型)之后,自然地"探索自己的偏好"。"explore(探索)"与前半句并列,语意连贯。

·干扰项排除: B. recall(回忆)强调找回过去;C. simplify(简化)与语境无关;D. cherish(珍惜)重在情感态度,不符合"尝试—发现"的过程逻辑。

第 10 题

AI algorithms can (10)____ facial features and skin conditions to provide personalized beauty recommendations.

答案:D(analyze)

·考点: 动词辨析(技术动作)。

·解析: AI 算法为了给出个性化建议,必须先"分析"面部特征与皮肤状况。"analyze(分析)"符合 AI 算法的技术属性,也与下文 personalized(个性化)形成因果链。

·干扰项排除: A. recover(恢复)、B. arrange(安排)、C. reserve(预订)都无法与 facial features 构成合理搭配。

第 11 题

This (11)____ approach aims to cater to individual preferences ...

答案:D(customized)

·考点: 形容词辨析(同义复现)。

·解析: 上句已出现 personalized(个性化的),本句 This ____ approach 指代该做法,需一个同义形容词,"customized(定制的)"与 personalized 构成同义复现,且与后文 tailored to each person(为每个人量身定制)一致。

·干扰项排除: A. localized(本地化的)、B. normalized(标准化的)、C. randomized(随机化的)均与"个性化定制"语义不符。

第 12 题

(12)____, AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

答案:D(In this way)

·考点: 逻辑衔接(结果/方式)。

·解析: 本句是对上文"个性化建议帮助发现自我"的总结,用 In this way(通过这种方式)承接顺理成章的结论最合适。

·干扰项排除: A. At best(充其量)含贬义;B. To the contrary(相反)表转折,与积极语境不符;C. By definition(根据定义)用于给概念下定义。

第 13 题

While AI offers exciting possibilities, it also raises ethical (13)____.

答案:C(concerns)

·考点: 名词辨析(搭配 raises)。

·解析: raise 后常接表示"问题、担忧"的名词,且本段后文列举的都是风险,"ethical concerns(伦理担忧)"最贴切。

·干扰项排除: A. divisions(分歧)、B. expectations(期望)、D. values(价值观)都不能与 raises ethical 构成"引发忧虑"的搭配。

第 14 题

There is a risk of deepening societal beauty (14)____ ...

答案:A(pressures)

·考点: 名词辨析(社会语境)。

·解析: deepening societal beauty pressures 指"加深社会对美的压力",与后文 perpetuating unattainable beauty standards(使难以企及的审美标准永久化)语义一致。

·干扰项排除: B. mysteries(奥秘)、C. understandings(理解)、D. suspicions(怀疑)都无法与 deepening 和"审美标准"搭配。

第 15 题

(15)____, AI-powered beauty filters and editing tools can lead to distorted self-perception ...

答案:B(Additionally)

·考点: 逻辑衔接(递进/补充)。

·解析: 本句在上一句"风险"的基础上再补充一项危害,属于并列递进关系,用 Additionally(此外)承接。

·干扰项排除: A. Approximately(大约)表约数;C. Alternatively(或者)表选择;D. Accidentally(意外地)表方式,均不符合补充说明的语气。

第 16 题

... can lead to distorted self-perception and (16)____ body dissatisfaction.

答案:C(contribute to)

·考点: 动词短语(与 lead to 并列)。

·解析: 空格处与 lead to(导致)并列,共同描述美颜工具的负面后果,"contribute to(促成、导致)"语义一致。

·干扰项排除: A. deal with(处理)语义相反;B. result from(由……引起)因果颠倒;D. focus on(专注于)与"造成不满"无关。

第 17 题

... (17)____ on this technology for social presentation can cause harm ...

答案:C(relying)

·考点: 动词辨析(rely on 搭配)。

·解析: rely on 与 on 构成固定搭配,意为"依赖"。"relying on this technology(依赖这一技术)"作句子主语,与后文 cause harm 构成"依赖—危害"的因果逻辑。

·干扰项排除: A. starting on、B. checking on、D. working on 均不能表达"依赖"之意,且与后文伤害逻辑不顺。

第 18 题

... can cause harm — (18)____ body image issues, lower self-esteem, and social anxiety.

答案:B(such as)

·考点: 逻辑衔接(举例)。

·解析: 破折号后列举 harm 的三种具体表现,是举例关系,故用 such as。

·干扰项排除: A. apart from(除……之外)表排除;C. regardless of(不管)表让步;D. prior to(在……之前)表时间。

第 19 题

... while AI can enhance our (19)____ of beauty ...

答案:B(appreciation)

·考点: 名词辨析(enhance 搭配)。

·解析: enhance 意为"提升、增强",与抽象名词"appreciation(欣赏)"搭配自然,构成"提升我们对美的欣赏"。

·干扰项排除: A. imitation(模仿)、C. preservation(保存)、D. consumption(消费)均不符合"对美的欣赏"这一语境。

第 20 题

... it should not (20)____ the genuine human experience and the emotional connections ...

答案:A(replace)

·考点: 动词辨析(否定语境)。

·解析: 本句强调 AI 不应"取代"人与人之间真实的体验与情感联系。"replace(替代)"与前半句 enhance(提升)形成"增添而非取代"的对比。

·干扰项排除: B. seize(抓住)、C. share(分享)、D. reflect(反映)都不能表达"取代真实体验"之意。

参考答案速记:1–5 ADBCB 6–10 CADAD 11–15 DDCAB 16–20 CCBBA

四、核心词汇与固定搭配

词汇

音标

词性

释义与真题用法

advance

/ədˈvɑːns/

n./v.

进步;推进。advances in AI 人工智能的进步

artificial intelligence

/ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/

n.

人工智能(AI)

aspect

/ˈæspekt/

n.

方面。every aspect of human life 人类生活的方方面面

potential

/pəˈtenʃl/

n./adj.

潜力;潜在的。an exciting potential 令人兴奋的潜力

hazard

/ˈhæzəd/

n.

危险、隐患。the potential hazard of ...

dominate

/ˈdɒmɪneɪt/

v.

主导、支配。dominate our experiences

collaborative

/kəˈlæbərətɪv/

adj.

协作的。a collaborative tool

endeavor

/ɪnˈdevə/

n.

努力、事业。creative endeavors 创造性的尝试

algorithm

/ˈælɡərɪðəm/

n.

算法

try-on

/ˈtraɪ ɒn/

n.

试穿。virtual try-on experiences 虚拟试穿体验

provocative

/prəˈvɒkətɪv/

adj.

有启发性、挑动人的

analyze

/ˈænəlaɪz/

v.

分析。analyze facial features

personalized

/ˈpɜːsənəlaɪzd/

adj.

个性化的

customized

/ˈkʌstəmaɪzd/

adj.

定制的、量身定做的

cater to

/ˈkeɪtə tuː/

phr.

迎合、满足。cater to individual preferences

perpetuate

/pəˈpetʃueɪt/

v.

使永存、使持久。perpetuate beauty standards

unattainable

/ˌʌnəˈteɪnəbl/

adj.

难以企及的

distorted

/dɪˈstɔːtɪd/

adj.

扭曲的。distorted self-perception

self-esteem

/ˌself ɪˈstiːm/

n.

自尊。lower self-esteem 自尊心降低

appreciation

/əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃn/

n.

欣赏、感激

genuine

/ˈdʒenjuɪn/

adj.

真正的、真实的

五、长难句精析

① AI can be a collaborative tool in a wide range of creative endeavors, combining human creativity and AI algorithms can lead to unique artistic outcomes that are beautiful to the human eye.

·结构切分:in a wide range of creative endeavors 为介词短语作 tool 的后置定语;combining... 为动名词短语,与 human creativity 并列作"结合"的两项;that are beautiful to the human eye 为定语从句修饰 outcomes。

·难点:此处 combining 是动名词,不是现在分词作伴随状语,判断依据是它与前面的 human creativity 通过 and 并列,共同作"结合"的对象。

·参考译文:AI 可以成为各类创造活动中的协作工具;将人类创造力与 AI 算法结合起来,便能产出赏心悦目的独特艺术成果。

② (12)____, AI can be a fun vehicle for self-discovery.

·结构切分:AI 为主语,can be 为谓语,a fun vehicle for self-discovery 为表语。

·难点:vehicle 此处是比喻用法,意为"载体、工具、手段",不可直译为"车辆"。

·参考译文:通过这种方式,AI 可以成为自我探索的有趣载体。

③ It's important to note that while AI can enhance our appreciation of beauty, it should not replace the genuine human experience and the emotional connections we derive from seeing the beauty in each other.

·结构切分:It 为形式主语,that 从句是真正主语;从句内部 while 引导让步状语从句;主句为 it should not replace ...;we derive from seeing the beauty in each other 为省略关系词的定语从句修饰 connections。

·难点:derive ... from ...(从……中获得)是被动含义的主动表达,翻译时需"化被动为主动"。

·参考译文:值得注意的是,虽然 AI 能提升我们对美的欣赏,但它不应取代人与人之间真实的体验,以及我们从彼此身上发现的美中所获得的情感联结。

六、题型解题技巧与命题规律

·先读首句定主题:完形填空第一句通常不给空,是全文的"总纲"。本文首句即点明"AI 正在改变人类生活",由此可预判全文是"机遇+风险"的说明议论结构。

·抓逻辑词定方向:still、additionally、for instance、such as、in this way 等逻辑标记词几乎是每年必考的"送分点",先判断逻辑关系,再从四个选项里挑最匹配的。

·善用同义复现:本文第 4 题 collaborations、第 11 题 personalized→customized 都是典型的同义复现,前后文往往已给出答案的"近义词"。

·注意固定搭配:rely on、cater to、lead to、contribute to 属于高频动词短语,平时按"动词+介词"成组记忆,考场上可直接锁定。

·选项排除优于正面硬选:遇到生僻词时,先排除明显语义、搭配不通的选项,再在剩余项中比较,正确率会显著提高。

·命题规律小结:本题的考点分布为——逻辑衔接 6 题(1、6、12、15、18 等)、实词辨析 14 题(动词、名词、形容词为主),解题时"逻辑优先、词义兜底"。

第二部分 阅读理解

阅读理解共 40 分,是全程分值最高的板块,包含三节:Part A 多项选择(20 题,40 分)、Part B 新题型(5 题,10 分)、Part C 翻译(5 题,10 分)。本部分先逐篇精解 Part A 的四篇文章,再分别讲解新题型与翻译。

Part A 第一节 多项选择

Text 1(文章一)

文章来源:2025 年 5 月《Science(科学)》杂志。主题为"驴的驯化史",属科学研究报道类文章。

真题原文与参考译文

For thousands of years, donkeys have been critical for propelling human civilizations forward. They've helped pull wheeled vehicles, carry travelers and move goods across the world. But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery. Now, researchers have used the genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa — about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses. The team published their findings in the journal Science this month.

数千年来,驴一直是推动人类文明前进的关键力量。它们曾助力拉动带轮车辆,搭载旅行者,并将货物运往世界各地。然而,这些动物最初是在何时何地与人类结缘的,一直是个谜。如今,研究人员利用 200 多头驴的基因组,将它们的驯化历史追溯到大约 7000 年前东非发生的一起单一事件——这比人类驯服马匹早了约 3000 年。该研究团队于本月将研究成果发表在《科学》杂志上。

"Through their DNA, the animals are telling their history themselves," co-author Samantha Brooks, an equine researcher at the University of Florida, says in a statement. "We usually only get the human's side of history through written accounts, but of course written history does not always record exactly how something happened. Looking at these DNA sequences, we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in and the experiences they survived."

"通过它们的 DNA,这些动物自己在讲述它们的历史,"合著者、佛罗里达大学马类动物研究员萨曼莎·布鲁克斯在一份声明中表示。"我们通常只能通过文字记录了解人类的历史,但当然,书面历史并不总是能准确记录事情的经过。通过研究这些 DNA 序列,我们获得了这些动物所处环境以及它们所经历的生物证据。"

The researchers examined 207 genomes from modern donkeys living in 31 countries across the globe. They also looked at genomes from 15 wild equids and 31 earlier donkeys that lived between about 4,000 and 100 years ago. The team reconstructed the animals' evolutionary tree and used computer models to pinpoint the domestication event, when herders in Kenya and the Horn of Africa tamed wild asses. They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent and into Europe and Asia about 2,500 years later.

研究人员检查了来自全球 31 个国家的 207 个现代驴的基因组。他们还研究了 15 个野生马科动物和 31 个生活在大约 4000 年至 100 年前的早期驴的基因组。研究小组重建了这些动物的进化树,并使用计算机模型确定了驯化事件,即肯尼亚和非洲之角的牧民驯化了野驴。然后,他们追踪了这些动物在大约 2500 年后如何扩散到非洲大陆其他地区以及欧洲和亚洲。

Though it's still unclear why the original domestication happened, Science News' Freda Kreier reports that the event coincided with the Sahara growing larger and drier. "Donkeys are champions when it comes to carrying stuff and are good at going through deserts," co-author Ludovic Orlando, an evolutionary biologist at Paul Sabatier University in France, tells the publication. Prehistoric humans may have enlisted donkeys' help in navigating the expanding Sahara.

尽管目前尚不清楚最初的驯化为何发生,但《科学新闻》的弗雷达·克莱尔报道称,这一事件恰逢撒哈拉沙漠面积扩大且日益干旱。"驴子在搬运东西方面堪称冠军,而且擅长穿越沙漠,"合著者、法国保罗·萨巴蒂埃大学的进化生物学家卢多维克·奥尔兰多告诉该出版物。史前人类可能曾借助驴子的帮助穿越不断扩大的撒哈拉沙漠。

Researchers say these findings could help put donkeys in the spotlight. The animals could benefit from more research: Currently, there are no published genomes from donkeys located south of the equator in Africa. But understanding where the animals were first domesticated could guide archaeologists to a narrow region to search for insights about the original tamed donkeys.

研究人员表示,这些发现有助于让驴成为人们关注的焦点。这些动物可以从更多的研究中受益:目前,尚未有关于非洲赤道以南地区驴的基因组数据发表。但是,了解这些动物最初是在哪里被驯化的,可以帮助考古学家缩小搜索范围,以探寻有关原始驯养驴的更多信息。

Not only does understanding the equines' genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet's environment, write the authors.

作者写道,了解马类动物的基因组成不仅有助于揭示它们在人类历史上的贡献,而且随着气候变化改变地球环境,这还有可能改善未来对它们的管理。

逐题精解(21–25)

第 21 题

答案:C(They were tamed at an earlier time than horses)

·题干定位: What can be learned about donkeys from paragraph 1? —— 回第 1 段找"关于驴的事实"。

·原文依据: 第 1 段末句"...trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa — about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses.",明确指出驴的驯化比马早约 3000 年。

·干扰项排除: A 曲解原文,"a mystery"指驯化的时间地点是谜,而非"驴本身神秘";B 与原文"a single event(单一事件)"矛盾,原文恰好强调只驯化了一次;D"古代旅行者生动描绘"在原文无对应信息。

第 22 题

答案:D(Genetic analysis offers insight into history of donkeys)

·题干定位: What message is conveyed in Brooks' statement? —— 定位第 2 段引语。

·原文依据: Brooks 说"the animals are telling their history themselves... we get a biological testimony to the environment these animals lived in",强调基因(DNA)分析能揭示驴的历史。

·干扰项排除: A"栖息地无法追溯"与全文结论相反;B"解读 DNA 越来越容易"属无中生有;C 断章取义,Brooks 恰指出"written history does not always record exactly",即文字记载有局限。

第 23 题

答案:A(dispersed widely in the world)

·题干定位: researchers investigated how donkeys ____ —— 问研究"调查了驴的什么"。

·原文依据: 第 3 段末"They then traced how the animals spread across the rest of the continent and into Europe and Asia",与选项中 dispersed widely(广泛扩散)构成同义替换。

·干扰项排除: B"在牧民帮助下存活"、C"形成行为特征"、D"适应环境变化"均非该研究追踪的内容,属张冠李戴。

第 24 题

答案:B(provides a possible explanation)

·题干定位: As to why the original domestication of donkeys happened, Orlando ____ —— 定位第 4 段 Orlando 的说法。

·原文依据: 第 4 段先承认"still unclear why",随后 Orlando 提出"Prehistoric humans may have enlisted donkeys' help in navigating the expanding Sahara",用 may 表推测,是"一种可能的解释"。

·干扰项排除: A"挑战传统观点"无依据;C"呼吁撒哈拉证据"与原文不符,是 Orlando 给出解释而非索证;D"与 Kreier 观点不同"无中生有,文中二人并无对立。

第 25 题

答案:B(better management of donkeys)

·题干定位: The authors think that their research could help with ____ —— 定位末段作者观点。

·原文依据: 末段"it also might improve their management in the future",improve management 对应 better management。

·干扰项排除: A"保护野生动物"范围过大且无依据;C"恢复早期驴的品种"原文未提;D"提高气候变化意识"偷换概念,气候变化只是背景。

核心词汇与固定搭配

词汇

音标

词性

释义与真题用法

propel

/prəˈpel/

v.

推动。propel civilizations forward 推动文明前进

intertwined

/ˌɪntəˈwaɪnd/

adj.

交织的。become intertwined with humans 与人类结缘

genome

/ˈdʒiːnəʊm/

n.

基因组

domestication

/dəˌmestɪˈkeɪʃn/

n.

驯化

trace ... back to

/treɪs bæk tuː/

phr.

追溯到

tame

/teɪm/

v.

驯服。tame wild asses 驯服野驴

equine

/ˈekwaɪn/

adj./n.

马的;马科动物

testimony

/ˈtestɪməni/

n.

证据、证词。a biological testimony

reconstruct

/ˌriːkənˈstrʌkt/

v.

重建。reconstruct the evolutionary tree

pinpoint

/ˈpɪnpɔɪnt/

v.

精确定位、确定

herder

/ˈhɜːdə/

n.

牧民

arid

/ˈærɪd/

adj.

干旱的

enlist

/ɪnˈlɪst/

v.

争取、借助。enlist donkeys' help

archaeologist

/ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst/

n.

考古学家

insight

/ˈɪnsaɪt/

n.

洞察、了解

长难句精析

① But where and when these animals first became intertwined with humans has been a mystery.

·结构切分:But 后是 where and when 引导的主语从句,has been 为谓语,a mystery 为表语。

·难点:主语从句作主语时谓语用单数(has been),不要误以为主语是 animals。

·参考译文:但人们始终不清楚,这些动物最初是在何时、何地与人类联系在一起的。

② Now, researchers have used the genomes of over 200 donkeys to trace their domestication back to a single event around 7,000 years ago in East Africa — about 3,000 years before humans tamed horses.

·结构切分:use sth. to do sth. 结构;破折号后的 about 3,000 years before... 是对时间点的补充说明。

·难点:trace ... back to ...(追溯到)是固定表达,需整体理解。

·参考译文:如今,研究人员借助 200 多头驴的基因组,把它们的驯化追溯到约 7000 年前东非的一次单一事件——比人类驯服马匹早了约 3000 年。

③ Not only does understanding the equines' genetic makeup help reveal their contribution to human history, but it also might improve their management in the future, as climate change alters the planet's environment, write the authors.

·结构切分:Not only 置于句首引起部分倒装(does ... help);but it also ... 承接;as 引导原因状语从句;write the authors 为插入的主谓。

·难点:识别倒装是理解本句的关键,还原为"Understanding ... not only helps reveal ..., but also might improve ..."。

·参考译文:作者写道,理解马科动物的基因构成,不仅有助于揭示它们对人类历史的贡献,还可能随着气候变化改变地球环境,改善未来对它们的管理。

本篇解题技巧

·科学报道类文章抓"研究结论":首段往往给出研究机构、发表期刊与核心发现(时间、地点、对象),是命题最集中的区域。

·引语题看"说话人立场":Brooks 的引语是"DNA 讲述历史",抓住"生物证据"这一关键词即可排除强调"文字记载"的干扰项。

·NB 型细节题警惕"张冠李戴":把 A 研究的内容安到 B 研究、把背景当结论,是本题最常见的干扰手段。

Text 2(文章二)

文章来源:2025 年 7 月《Los Angeles Times(洛杉矶时报)》评论版。主题为"好莱坞影视产业外流",属社会评论/评论文。

真题原文与参考译文

There's no business like show business — but in Los Angeles, it feels like there's no business at all.

没有哪个行业能像演艺业那样——但在洛杉矶,感觉好像根本没有其他行业。

If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers including set designers, art directors and many other artists, has suspended a training program and issued a statement explaining that "we cannot in good conscience encourage you to pursue our profession while so many of our members remain unemployed." The guild's pessimism is a reaction to Hollywood's decline, which is reaching a critical point for the industry and Southern California.

如果这听起来有些夸张,那么请考虑以下事实:代表约 3000 名电影工作者(包括布景设计师、艺术指导师和许多其他艺术家)的工会——美国艺术指导师协会已暂停一项培训计划,并发表声明解释称,"在我们许多成员仍失业的情况下,我们无法凭良心鼓励你们从事我们的职业。"该协会的悲观情绪是对好莱坞衰落的反应,而好莱坞的衰落对于该行业和南加州而言已到了一个关键时刻。

Production has been slipping away from Hollywood since the 1950s, but the effects have never been more apparent than at present. Other regions in the United States, Canada and Europe have steadily increased incentives to attract TV shows and movies, leaving California in the dust.

自 20 世纪 50 年代以来,好莱坞的影视制作一直在逐渐流失,但目前这种影响尤为明显。美国其他地区、加拿大和欧洲为吸引电视节目和电影而不断增加激励措施,使加利福尼亚州相形见绌。

Georgia offers up to 30% in transferable tax credits on film and TV production costs, plus an additional 10% increase on the base tax credit if the project includes a Georgia promotional logo. Actors, directors and crew prefer to stay close to their homes in Los Angeles to film, but it's hard for studios to pass up getting a third of their money back if they film outside of California.

佐治亚州为电影和电视制作成本提供高达 30% 的可转让税收抵免,此外,如果项目包含佐治亚州的宣传标志,则基础税收抵免额将额外增加 10%。演员、导演和剧组人员更倾向于在离家较近的洛杉矶拍摄,但如果他们在加州以外的地方拍摄,制片公司很难拒绝获得三分之一的资金返还。

Even as California lost a huge volume of production to other locations, there was still plenty of film production taking place in Los Angeles before this year — sufficient work that many people could make a living in the industry. We were kept afloat by "peak TV": the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.

尽管加州的大量制作业务流向了其他地区,但在今年之前,洛杉矶仍有很多电影制作活动——工作量足以让许多人靠这个行业谋生。我们靠"电视高峰"维持生计:流媒体服务激增导致内容供过于求。

If productions in Southern California dip below a critical level for too long, the industry's essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue. Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn't offer a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

如果南加州的电影制作长期低于临界水平,该行业的重要人才将流失,同时也会损失巨额收入。如果我们无法提供大量本地电影工作者、银幕人才以及支持娱乐产业的本地企业,那么说服电影公司来此拍摄将变得更为困难。

That's why the California Film Commission and its Los Angeles counterpart, Film LA, should act now, before it's too late. Those agencies and other government bodies should dramatically improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions to Los Angeles. Let's go on with the show... and make sure the show doesn't go on without us.

这就是为什么加州电影委员会及其洛杉矶对口机构洛杉矶电影局(Film LA)应该立即行动,以免为时已晚。这些机构和其他政府机构应大幅提高激励措施,以留住我们现有的影视作品,并吸引新的影视作品来到洛杉矶。让我们继续这部剧……并确保这部剧不会在我们缺席的情况下继续上演。

逐题精解(26–30)

第 26 题

答案:D(the gloomy situation of Hollywood)

·题干定位: The Art Directors Guild's statement reveals ____ —— 定位第 2 段协会声明。

·原文依据: 声明称"so many of our members remain unemployed(许多成员失业)",随后作者直接点明"The guild's pessimism is a reaction to Hollywood's decline(该协会的悲观是对好莱坞衰落的反应)",gloomy situation 即 decline 的同义替换。

·干扰项排除: A"人们对电影兴趣下降"无依据;B"对过去的怀念"曲解 pessimism;C"南加州的吸引力"与"衰落"语义相反。

第 27 题

答案:A(lure production with tax incentives)

·题干定位: The example of Georgia is used to illustrate the efforts to ____ —— 举例作用题。

·原文依据: 第 4 段开篇即讲佐治亚州提供"up to 30% in transferable tax credits",用税收抵免吸引拍摄,与"用税收激励吸引影视制作"完全对应。

·干扰项排除: B"改善电影设施"、C"刺激各州竞争"、D"为影视制作筹资"均非该例的核心,例子的落点始终是 tax credits。

第 28 题

答案:B(streamers changed their strategic priorities)

·题干定位: Peak TV passed its peak as ____ —— 关于"电视高峰"结束原因的推断。

·原文依据: 第 5 段称"...We were kept afloat by 'peak TV': the glut of content that was required by the explosion of streaming services.",可见"电视高峰"由流媒体扩张带来;当流媒体不再大规模采购内容(即调整了战略重心)时,高峰期随之结束。

·干扰项排除: A"失去技术优势"、C"用户厌倦大平台"、D"用户不满新节目"均在原文无据,属主观引申。

·提示: 本题属推断题,需由流媒体与内容供给的因果链推出,不能只盯着字面。

第 29 题

答案:C(a brain drain to other places)

·题干定位: According to paragraph 6, California's entertainment industry might face ____ —— 定位第 6 段。

·原文依据: 第 6 段"the industry's essential talent will drift away along with enormous sums of revenue",essential talent 流失即"人才外流",brain drain 是精准对应。

·干扰项排除: A"作品质量下降"、B"对外国人才的需求"、D"劳动力成本上升"均与第 6 段所述"人才与收入流失"不符。

第 30 题

答案:A(maintain its position in the industry)

·题干定位: The author concludes the text by emphasizing that California should strive to ____ —— 定位末段作者的呼吁。

·原文依据: 末段呼吁"improve incentives to keep our current shows and attract new productions",目的是"留住现有项目、吸引新项目",即维系洛杉矶在影视业中的地位。

·干扰项排除: B"比对手吸引更多投资"过度解读;C"追求更高制作标准"、D"加强与其他州协调"均非作者主张。

核心词汇与固定搭配

词汇

音标

词性

释义与真题用法

show business

/ˈʃəʊ ˌbɪznəs/

n.

演艺业

melodramatic

/ˌmelədrəˈmætɪk/

adj.

夸张的、戏剧化的

guild

/ɡɪld/

n.

协会、行会。The Art Directors Guild

suspend

/səˈspend/

v.

暂停、中止。suspend a training program

in good conscience

/ɪn ɡʊd ˈkɒnʃəns/

phr.

凭良心、心安理得

pessimism

/ˈpesɪmɪzəm/

n.

悲观情绪

decline

/dɪˈklaɪn/

n./v.

衰落、下降。Hollywood's decline

incentive

/ɪnˈsentɪv/

n.

激励措施

transferable tax credit

/trænsˈfɜːrəbl/

phr.

可转让税收抵免

pass up

/pɑːs ʌp/

phr.

放弃、错过。hard to pass up

afloat

/əˈfləʊt/

adj.

维持下去的、不垮的。kept afloat

glut

/ɡlʌt/

n.

供过于求、过剩

streaming

/ˈstriːmɪŋ/

n.

流媒体

dip

/dɪp/

v.

下降、下跌。dip below a critical level

drift away

/drɪft əˈweɪ/

phr.

流失、漂走。talent will drift away

bench

/bentʃ/

n.

人才储备。a deep bench of local film workers

counterpart

/ˈkaʊntəpɑːt/

n.

对口机构、对应方

长难句精析

① If that sounds melodramatic, consider this: The Art Directors Guild, a labor union representing about 3,000 film workers including set designers, art directors and many other artists, has suspended a training program ...

·结构切分:If 引导条件状语从句;主句是祈使句 consider this;冒号后为主句的具体内容,其中 a labor union ... many other artists 是 The Art Directors Guild 的同位语,has suspended 才是主句谓语。

·难点:同位语很长,容易误把 representing 当作谓语,需先找准真正的主谓。

·参考译文:如果这话听起来夸张,那不妨看看这个:代表约 3000 名电影工作者的美国艺术指导师协会,已经暂停了一项培训计划……

② Persuading studios to film here would become much more challenging if we couldn't offer a deep bench of local film workers, on-screen talent and local businesses that support the entertainment industry.

·结构切分:Persuading studios to film here 为动名词短语作主语;would become 为谓语;if 引导条件从句;that support ... 为定语从句修饰 businesses。

·难点:动名词短语作主语的句子要整体视为主语,谓语用单数;deep bench 是体育引申义,指"雄厚的人才储备"。

·参考译文:如果我们无法提供一支由本地电影工作者、银幕人才以及支撑娱乐业的本地企业组成的雄厚队伍,那么劝说制片公司来这里拍摄就会难上加难。

本篇解题技巧

·评论类文章先找"作者态度":本文末段"should act now""improve incentives"已明确亮明立场,主旨题与态度题可直接据此定音。

·举例题看"前后结论句":佐治亚州的例子前后必有论点,例子的功能服务于论点,切勿凭例子细节做过度推断。

·同义替换是生命线:decline→gloomy、drift away→brain drain、incentives→lure,认出替换即可锁定答案。

Text 3(文章三)

文章来源:2025 年 4 月《The Guardian(卫报)》文化专栏。主题为"无线电广播与倾听文化",属文化评论类文章。

真题原文与参考译文

The pioneers of wireless saw it as a gift to all the people. The BBC director-general Sir John Reith said that it would dispel "isolation of the spirit" and rejoiced: "It does not matter how many thousand may be listening, there is always enough for others... the genius and the fool, the wealthy and the poor listen simultaneously."

无线技术的先驱们视其为赐予所有人的礼物。英国广播公司(BBC)总裁约翰·里思爵士表示,它将消除"精神上的孤立",并欣喜地表示:"无论有多少人在收听,总会有足够的人……天才和傻瓜、富人和穷人都会同时收听。"

Between two great wars this technological innovation built a new kind of national consciousness. Opening this week, a book and exhibition curated by Beatty Rubens at the Bodleian in Oxford records how radio changed everyday life from 1922 to 1939, as primitive crystal-and-wire devices evolved into sunburst-grille boxes. She draws on letters, diaries and fiction, and a 1939 field notebook of verbatim audience research by Winifred Gill.

在两次世界大战之间,这项技术创新孕育了一种新型的民族意识。由贝蒂·鲁本斯策划的一本书和展览于本周在牛津大学博德利图书馆开幕,记录了从 1922 年到 1939 年,无线电如何改变了日常生活,从原始的水晶和电线设备演变为带有太阳光栅格的盒子。她借鉴了信件、日记和小说,以及 1939 年威妮弗雷德·吉尔的现场笔记,该笔记详细记录了对观众的逐字研究。

There's more fun in testimonies of people enjoying the sheer newness. A cartoon mocks a group failing to converse because they're all in headphones. People report that broadcast music made workmen whistle new tunes. A woman says there have been fewer street brawls since the arrival of the wireless but also less stopping and "talking on the brush handle."

人们享受这种纯粹的新鲜感的证言更有趣。一幅漫画讽刺了一群人因为都戴着耳机而无法交谈。人们报告说,广播音乐让工人们吹起了新曲子。一位女士说,自从无线设备出现以来,街头斗殴事件减少了,但停下来"用刷柄聊天"的情况也减少了。

By and large the wireless was welcome. I loved the chap from the Thirties research who found that wireless suddenly offered "a lot of variety ... things I thought I'd never be interested in... ice hockey perhaps". True: for more than 80 pre-digital years, linear speech broadcasting brought the gift of serendipity, random enlivening of a car journey or dull manual task. In my own book about radio I recorded how, on one drive: "I caught up with the news, learned some 17th-century history and was startlingly educated by an unpretentious programme on the history of the stethoscope."

总体而言,无线广播是受欢迎的。我喜欢 30 年代那项研究中的小伙子,他发现无线广播突然提供了"很多种选择——我觉得自己以前不会感兴趣的东西——也许还有冰球"。的确如此:在数字时代之前的 80 多年里,线性语音广播带来了意外之喜,让驾车旅行或枯燥的手工活变得生动有趣。在我自己那本关于广播的书里,我记录了一次驾车旅行的经历:"我了解了新闻,学习了 17 世纪的历史,还从一个关于听诊器历史的朴实无华的节目中得到了惊人的教育。"

But radio's enriching serendipity is ebbing. With multiple networks, BBC Sounds and countless podcasts, a smartphone user selects what to hear and when. And while it is wonderful to take a walk with anything in your headphones, infinite choice encourages us to shrink into niche interests and sympathetic beliefs.

但广播带来的丰富意外之喜正在逐渐消退。如今,有多个网络、BBC Sounds 和无数播客可供选择,智能手机用户可以自主选择收听的内容和时间。虽然戴着耳机听任何东西都是一件美妙的事,但无限的选择却促使我们陷入小众兴趣和信息茧房之中。

Whatever we do, innovation will happen. Today we fret about the isolating culture of smartphone-staring and selfie-vanity, but already in 1939 there was that lady regretting how, when all her street got wirelesses, it lost the neighbourly habit of "talking on the brush handle". It's enough to make a person put down the smartphone and go out front with a yard broom.

无论我们做什么,创新都会发生。如今,我们为智能手机成瘾和自拍虚荣的孤立文化而烦恼,但早在 1939 年,就有一位女士后悔,当她家所在的街道装上了无线电话,就失去了"用刷柄交谈"的睦邻习惯。这足以让人放下智能手机,拿着扫帚出门。

逐题精解(31–35)

第 31 题

答案:A(It was accessible to everyone)

·题干定位: What can be learnt about wireless from Reith? —— 定位第 1 段里思的说法。

·原文依据: Reith 称无线电是"a gift to all the people""the genius and the fool, the wealthy and the poor listen simultaneously",强调人皆可听,与"对所有人开放"一致。

·干扰项排除: B"改善人际关系"是后文女士的观察,非 Reith 所言;C"人类智慧的奇迹"是对 pioneer 的笼统评价;D"开启孤立文化新时代"与 Reith 的"消除精神孤立"相反。

第 32 题

答案:A(The impact of radio on its early audience)

·题干定位: What is the theme of the exhibition at the Bodleian in Oxford? —— 定位第 2 段展览信息。

·原文依据: 展览"records how radio changed everyday life from 1922 to 1939",记录广播如何改变日常生活,即"广播对早期听众的影响"。

·干扰项排除: B"公共音乐教育"只是文中零散细节;C"技术创新过程"是对"crystal-and-wire devices evolved"的误读;D"杰出先驱"并非展览主题。

第 33 题

答案:C(radio listeners could make unexpected gains)

·题干定位: It is indicated in Paragraph 4 that ____ —— 定位第 4 段。

·原文依据: 第 4 段称线性广播带来"the gift of serendipity, random enlivening"(意外之喜),并举例作者自己在一次驾车中"了解了新闻、学了 17 世纪历史",即听众能有意料之外的收获。

·干扰项排除: A"过去研究不足"无据;B"魅力在数字时代依然存在"与末段"serendipity is ebbing"相反;D"节目多年变化不大"无据。

第 34 题

答案:B(Having a casual chat)

·题干定位: "talking on the brush handle"最可能的意思 —— 词义猜测题。

·原文依据: 第 3 段"自从无线设备出现以来,街头斗殴减少了,但停下来'talking on the brush handle'的情况也减少了",与"街头互动减少"并列;第 6 段又将其称为"the neighbourly habit(睦邻的习惯)",可知指邻里之间随意的闲聊。

·干扰项排除: A"大声喧哗"、C"小争吵"(与 brawl 增多相反)、D"哼歌"均与"睦邻闲谈"不符。

·技巧: 词义猜测题要把上下文连起来看,本题跨第 3、6 两段互证。

第 35 题

答案:D(people should adopt a sensible attitude to innovations)

·题干定位: In the last paragraph, the author intends to express the opinion that ____ —— 末段作者观点。

·原文依据: 末段"Whatever we do, innovation will happen"承认创新不可阻挡,又借 1939 年的旧事说明"创新也会带来失去",最终落点是"用理性态度看待(而非一味焦虑)创新"。

·干扰项排除: A"技术应以造福人类为目标"是原则性表述而非本文主张;B"复兴倾听艺术"过度引申;C"青少年应养成健康社交媒体习惯"把话题窄化为"青少年"。

核心词汇与固定搭配

词汇

音标

词性

释义与真题用法

wireless

/ˈwaɪələs/

n.

无线电(广播)

pioneer

/ˌpaɪəˈnɪə/

n.

先驱

director-general

/dəˈrektə ˈdʒenrəl/

n.

(机构)总裁、总干事

dispel

/dɪˈspel/

v.

消除。dispel isolation of the spirit

rejoice

/rɪˈdʒɔɪs/

v.

欣喜、高兴

simultaneously

/ˌsɪmlˈteɪniəsli/

adv.

同时地

consciousness

/ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/

n.

意识。national consciousness 民族意识

curator

/kjʊəˈreɪtə/

n.

策展人

verbatim

/vɜːˈbeɪtɪm/

adj./adv.

逐字的

brawl

/brɔːl/

n./v.

斗殴、喧闹

serendipity

/ˌserənˈdɪpəti/

n.

意外发现美好事物的能力;意外之喜

ebb

/eb/

v.

消退、减弱

niche

/niːʃ/

adj./n.

小众的;利基。niche interests 小众兴趣

fret

/fret/

v.

焦虑、烦恼

vanity

/ˈvænəti/

n.

虚荣。selfie-vanity 自拍虚荣

长难句精析

① Opening this week, a book and exhibition curated by Beatty Rubens at the Bodleian in Oxford records how radio changed everyday life from 1922 to 1939, as primitive crystal-and-wire devices evolved into sunburst-grille boxes.

·结构切分:Opening this week 为分词状语;主语是 a book and exhibition,curated by ... 为过去分词短语作后置定语;records 为谓语;how 从句作宾语;as 引导伴随/时间状语从句。

·难点:主语是"书和展览"两件事作并列主语,但被长定语隔开,需先越过定语找准谓语 records。

·参考译文:本周开幕的、由贝蒂·鲁本斯在牛津博德利图书馆策划的一本书和一场展览,记录了 1922 至 1939 年间广播如何改变日常生活——从原始的水晶电线装置演变为带太阳光栅格的机箱。

② And while it is wonderful to take a walk with anything in your headphones, infinite choice encourages us to shrink into niche interests and sympathetic beliefs.

·结构切分:while 引导让步状语从句;主句为 infinite choice encourages us to ...;it 在从句中作形式主语,真正主语是 to take a walk。

·难点:shrink into(退缩进、陷入)需按语境理解为"自我收缩进小圈子"。

·参考译文:虽然戴着耳机、听着任何内容的散步都很惬意,但无限的选择却把我们推向越来越小众的兴趣和"同温层"式的信念。

③ It's enough to make a person put down the smartphone and go out front with a yard broom.

·结构切分:It 为形式主语,to make a person ... 为真正主语;make sb. do sth. 使役结构。

·难点:句尾用"拿扫帚出门"回扣前文"talking on the brush handle"的意象,是作者俏皮的讽喻。

·参考译文:这一切足以让人放下智能手机,拿起扫帚走到门前去。

本篇解题技巧

·文化评论重"意象与呼应":brush handle 的意象在文中两次出现,命题点正落在这一"复现"上,遇到反复出现的表达要格外敏感。

·末段定态度:评论类文章末段几乎必然给出作者立场,本题第 35 题直接对应末段的"理性看待创新"。

·时间对比辨细节:本文在"过去—现在"之间来回切换,读题时务必先判断例句属于哪一时期,避免时间错位。

Text 4(文章四)

文章来源:2025 年 8 月《National Geographic(国家地理)》环境版。主题为"森林火灾与计划性燃烧",属科技环境类文章。

真题原文与参考译文

When Tom Swetnam joined the U.S. Forest Service in the 1970s, his mandate was to "put everything out," he recalled. But when Swetnam enrolled in graduate school at the University of Arizona's Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, he was surprised to find a record of repeated blazes dating back hundreds of years before European colonists arrived on the continent. Some of the trees he analyzed bore more than 20 fire scars spaced among their rings.

汤姆·斯威特南回忆道,20 世纪 70 年代他加入美国林务局时,他的任务是"扑灭一切火灾"。但当斯威特南进入亚利桑那大学树木年轮研究实验室的研究生院时,他惊讶地发现,早在欧洲殖民者登上这片大陆前的几百年间,这里就已有反复发生火灾的记录。他分析的一些树木,其年轮之间有 20 多个火疤。

The fact that fires happened so often meant they couldn't have been severe enough to kill most trees. Instead, a growing body of research showed that frequent, low-severity fires made many ecosystems healthier. They rid the forest of dead and sick trees, reducing competition and curbing the spread of disease. Because flammable material couldn't build up on the landscape, blazes tended to move slowly and peter out when they reached the footprints of previous burns.

火灾如此频繁发生的事实意味着,它们不可能严重到足以杀死大多数树木。相反,越来越多的研究表明,频繁的低强度火灾使许多生态系统更加健康。它们清除了森林中的死树和病树,减少了竞争,并遏制了疾病的传播。由于地面上易燃物质无法积累,大火往往移动缓慢,当它们到达之前火灾的痕迹时,就会逐渐熄灭。

In 2022, Swetnam and other scientists teamed up to compile a database of fire-scarred trees from across the continent. Their North American tree-ring fire-scar network (NAFSN) provided the basis for a study published last month. In the study, the researchers compared the historical fire cadence with the wildfires recorded over the past few decades, and uncovered a striking shortfall. The NAFSN sites experienced less than a quarter of the number of fires that would have been expected without fire suppression.

2022 年,斯威特南和其他科学家联手编制了一个包含北美各地被火灾烧伤树木的数据库。他们的北美树木年轮火灾疤痕网络(NAFSN)为上个月发表的一项研究提供了基础。在该研究中,研究人员将历史火灾节奏与过去几十年记录的野火进行了比较,并发现了一个惊人的缺口。若非进行灭火,NAFSN 站点所经历的火灾数量将不到预期的四分之一。

This deficit is a testament to the effectiveness of modern firefighting, said Kelly Martin, a past president of the International Association of Wildland Fire. Yet the combined consequences of suppression and climate change have eroded humanity's ability to suppress fires, particularly those that ignite under the most dangerous weather conditions.

国际野火协会前会长凯利·马丁表示,这一缺口证明了现代消防工作的有效性。然而,灭火行动和气候变化的综合影响削弱了人类扑灭火灾的能力,尤其是在最危险的天气条件下点燃的火灾。

To prevent entire ecosystems from going up in smoke, Martin said, people must bring healthy fire back to places that need it. At Yosemite National Park, Martin oversaw the use of what is known as prescribed burns to make the landscape more resilient. These fires were carefully planned and intentionally ignited during periods when weather kept the blazes easy to control, and helped eliminate some of the fuel that had built up around the important park facilities. Research shows that these prescribed burns make subsequent wildfires less severe, even if the later fires happen under the most dangerous weather conditions.

马丁表示,为了防止整个生态系统毁于一旦,人们必须将健康的火种带回需要它的地方。在优胜美地国家公园,马丁负责监督使用所谓的计划性燃烧,以增强景观的恢复力。这些火灾经过精心策划,并在天气条件有利于控制火势的时期故意点燃,有助于消除重要公园设施周围积聚的部分燃料。研究表明,这些计划性燃烧使随后的野火不那么严重,即使后来的火灾发生在最危险的天气条件下。

Yet even as scientists and public officials increasingly agree on the need for more fires in our forests, climate change is making this tactic more challenging, experts said. "It's a double-edged sword because wildfires are getting more severe and larger under climate change and we need this work even more, but then the work gets more challenging," said Susan Prichard, a fire ecologist at the University of Washington.

然而,专家们表示,尽管科学家和政府官员越来越认同在我们的森林中增加火灾的必要性,但气候变化却使这一策略更具挑战性。"这是一把双刃剑,因为气候变化导致野火越来越严重、规模越来越大,我们甚至比以往更需要这项工作,但这项工作也变得更加具有挑战性,"华盛顿大学的火灾生态学家苏珊·普里查德说。

逐题精解(36–40)

第 36 题

答案:D(the number of wildfires in precolonial times)

·题干定位: According to Paragraph 1, Swetnam was surprised by ____ —— 定位第 1 段。

·原文依据: 第 1 段"he was surprised to find a record of repeated blazes dating back hundreds of years before European colonists arrived",以及"more than 20 fire scars",令其惊讶的是殖民前频繁的野火记录。

·干扰项排除: A"美国树木年轮研究匮乏"与原文"enrolled in ... Laboratory"不符;B"古代欧洲的消防措施"无据;C"70 年代森林管理做法"是他自己的任务背景,并非"惊讶"的对象。

第 37 题

答案:C(the benefits of low-severity fire)

·题干定位: Paragraph 2 mainly focuses on ____ —— 第 2 段主旨。

·原文依据: 第 2 段通篇讲"frequent, low-severity fires made many ecosystems healthier",并列举其好处(清除病树、减少竞争、遏制疾病、使大火慢行熄灭),主旨即"低强度火灾的益处"。

·干扰项排除: A"火灾成因"、B"病树处理"、D"生态系统的重要性"都只对应段中个别词句,不能覆盖全段。

第 38 题

答案:B(Their frequency has markedly decreased)

·题干定位: What did study find about the wildfires over the past few decades? —— 定位第 3 段研究结论。

·原文依据: 第 3 段"The NAFSN sites experienced less than a quarter of the number of fires that would have been expected",即野火数量(频率)大幅减少,不足预期的四分之一。

·干扰项排除: A"强度波动"无据;C"威胁被低估"、D"记录被误读"均非研究结论。

第 39 题

答案:D(It may make severe fires harder to put out)

·题干定位: What can be inferred about modern firefighting? —— 现代消防的推断。

·原文依据: 第 4 段"the combined consequences of suppression and climate change have eroded humanity's ability to suppress fires, particularly those that ignite under the most dangerous weather conditions",即长期灭火反而削弱了人类扑救极端天气下大火的能力。

·干扰项排除: A"培训需改进"、B"公众质疑其有效性"、C"使传统策略失效"均在原文无据。

·提示: 本题由"灭火—燃料积累—大火更难控"的因果链推断,是典型的推理判断题。

第 40 题

答案:C(it is necessary to introduce prescribed burns)

·题干定位: Both Martin and Prichard would agree that ____ —— 两人共识题。

·原文依据: 第 5 段 Martin 主张"bring healthy fire back"并监督 prescribed burns;第 6 段 Prichard 称"we need this work even more",两人都认可计划性燃烧的必要性。

·干扰项排除: A"难以预测大火"、B"评估计划性燃烧很紧迫"、D"加倍火灾检测有益"均未同时得到两人支持。

核心词汇与固定搭配

词汇

音标

词性

释义与真题用法

mandate

/ˈmændeɪt/

n.

任务、指令

enroll

/ɪnˈrəʊl/

v.

注册、入学

blaze

/bleɪz/

n./v.

大火、熊熊燃烧

colonist

/ˈkɒlənɪst/

n.

殖民者

scar

/skɑː/

n.

疤痕。fire scars 火疤

severity

/sɪˈverəti/

n.

严重程度。low-severity fires

curb

/kɜːb/

v.

遏制、抑制

flammable

/ˈflæməbl/

adj.

易燃的

peter out

/ˈpiːtə aʊt/

phr.

逐渐消失、慢慢熄灭

compile

/kəmˈpaɪl/

v.

汇编、编纂

cadence

/ˈkeɪdəns/

n.

节奏、节律。fire cadence

suppression

/səˈpreʃn/

n.

抑制、扑灭。fire suppression

deficit

/ˈdefɪsɪt/

n.

缺口、赤字。a striking shortfall/deficit

testament

/ˈtestəmənt/

n.

证明。a testament to

erode

/ɪˈrəʊd/

v.

侵蚀、削弱

ignite

/ɪɡˈnaɪt/

v.

点燃

prescribed burn

/prɪˈskraɪbd/

phr.

计划性燃烧

resilient

/rɪˈzɪliənt/

adj.

有恢复力的

double-edged sword

/ˌdʌbl edʒd sɔːd/

phr.

双刃剑

ecologist

/iˈkɒlədʒɪst/

n.

生态学家

长难句精析

① The fact that fires happened so often meant they couldn't have been severe enough to kill most trees.

·结构切分:The fact 为主语,that fires happened so often 为同位语从句;meant 为谓语;they couldn't have been ... 为宾语从句;couldn't have been 表对过去的否定推测。

·难点:同位语从句解释 fact 的内容,与定语从句的区别在于 that 不充当成分、只起连接作用;"cannot have done"表示"过去不可能……"。

·参考译文:火灾如此频繁这一事实,意味着它们不可能严重到足以杀死大部分树木。

② The NAFSN sites experienced less than a quarter of the number of fires that would have been expected without fire suppression.

·结构切分:主句为 The NAFSN sites experienced less than a quarter of the number of fires;that 从句为定语从句修饰 the number of fires;without fire suppression 为条件状语;would have been expected 为虚拟语气。

·难点:a quarter of the number of fires that would have been expected 需整体理解为"预期火灾数量的四分之一个",比较基准容易读错。

·参考译文:若无灭火干预,预期火灾数量的四分之一,就是 NAFSN 站点实际经历的上限。

③ It's a double-edged sword because wildfires are getting more severe and larger under climate change and we need this work even more, but then the work gets more challenging.

·结构切分:because 引导原因状语从句,从句内由 and 连接两层意思;but then 表转折;a double-edged sword 为表语。

·难点:本句是"利—弊"并存的双刃剑结构,翻译时应把"更需要—更困难"的对照凸显出来。

·参考译文:它是一把双刃剑:气候变化下野火更猛烈、更大,我们反而更离不开这项工作,可这项工作也随之变得更难做。

本篇解题技巧

·科普说明文抓"因果链":本文的核心逻辑是"长期灭火→燃料积累→大火更难控",理清这条链,第 38、39 题迎刃而解。

·主旨题看"Instead/Yet"等信号词:第 2 段以 Instead 转折,引出"低强度火灾的好处",正是该段主旨。

·共识题找"共同主张":Martin 与 Prichard 分属两段,但都围绕"需要更多(计划性)火",抓住这个共同点即可选定。

Part B 第二节 新题型(段落匹配)

本部分为段落排序/填空型任务(5 题,10 分)。文章选自一篇评论,主题是"商务人士应当重拾阅读",作者的论点是:忙碌的商界人士最该做的不是到处奔波,而是静下来读书。题目要求从 A–H 中选择最合适的段落填入 41–45 空,其中 C、F、H 段位置已给定。

一、题目说明

Directions: For Questions 41–45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A–H and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraphs C, F and H have been correctly placed. (10 points)

题目说明:对于第 41–45 题,从 A–H 列表中选择最合适的段落填入编号的方框中,组成一篇连贯的文章。C、F、H 段位置已正确放置。(共 10 分)

二、待排段落与参考译文(A–H)

[A] 只需读一首诗。谢默斯·希尼在牛津大学的讲座中提出,诗歌描绘了一种现实的图景,一种"惊鸿一瞥的另类可能",它以或细微或显著的方式与你自身的认知形成对照。你与诗歌之间的这种对话协商,正是核心所在。诗人看到了什么而你未曾察觉?这种差异又意味着什么?这可能会成为你经历过的最有意义的对话之一。忘记那些自助书籍吧:阅读本身就是行动中的自助。

[B] 然而,商业界大多并非如此。我至今未曾遇到过一位保持规律阅读习惯的首席执行官。许多人连报纸都不看,杂志更是奢求。他们自称没有时间,认为阅读效率低下,所需信息从周围人处获取即可。迫不得已时,或许会在长途飞行前拿起一本商业书籍,指望它能像食谱一样提供万无一失的成功配方。有些人则沉迷于我称之为"商业灾难纪实"的读物——细读 Theranos、普渡制药、WeWork 等企业的兴衰史。但在这些狭窄的兴趣水域之外,还存在着浩瀚的海洋,那里蕴藏着沸腾的思想、智识的冒险与想象力的焕新。

[C](已给)神经科学家们不遗余力地证明:阅读带来的愉悦并非放纵,而是裨益良多。它不仅能让你更了解这个世界,更能修复被科技碎片化摧毁的专注力。通过代入他人的视角,我们的社会认知能力得到精细校准——这在理解朋友、邻居、客户和同事时尤为重要。当我们模拟场景、角色和心理状态时,大脑不同区域被协同激活。那份被遗忘的想象力,终将在此过程中重燃。

[D] 毋庸置疑,只工作不娱乐确实会让杰克(或吉尔)变得愚钝。而解药近在眼前——阅读既廉价又便捷,最重要的是,它充满乐趣。在新的一年里,释放你的想象力吧。

[E] 我们正身处科学写作的黄金时代。这些文字如此清晰易懂,即便是普通读者也能享受科学发现的不确定性之美。面对未知感到畏惧?不妨站在科学家的视角,见证那些突破如何诞生于意外、冲突与纯粹的思想耐力之中。"我们永远无法确定任何事,"物理学家(兼作家)卡洛·罗韦利如是说。

[F](已给)你无需更多外出。如果像大多数商务人士一样,你的生活就是在办公室、飞机、火车、家、会议室和洗手间之间疲于奔命,那么你真正需要做的是更多地待着别动,坐下来——读一本书。

[G] 研究还发现,阅读能让我们更乐于助人、减少偏见,甚至延长寿命——当我们手捧一本好书时,这些益处将愈发显著。(诚然,相较于电子书,纸质书与这些益处的关联更为紧密。)

[H](已给)去读小说吧。任何小说。挣脱算法的束缚,随心选择。无需碳排放,却能获得旅行的一切益处。沉浸式体验根本不需要科技——只需纵身跃入跨越时空的叙事。现代(如塞巴斯蒂安·巴里或奥尔加·托卡尔丘克)、经典(如弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫或詹姆斯·鲍德温)或类型文学(如斯蒂芬·金、玛格丽特·阿特伍德、乔治·西默农)——这些都无关紧要。小说邀你隐匿地徜徉于他人的生命之中。而我们正身处翻译的黄金时代,因此你可以在时间与空间的任意角落自由穿行。

三、逐题精解(41–45)

第 41 题 答案:B

·解题线索: 文章首段 F 提出主张"你真正需要做的是坐下来读书",紧接其后的段落应交代"现实情况如何"。B 段以 However 开头——"然而,商业界大多并非如此",直接与 F 段形成转折衔接,符合论证文章"亮出主张—指出问题"的开篇逻辑。

·排除要点: E、A 属"读什么"的具体建议,须在提出问题之后才出现;D 含"新的一年在"等收尾语,不可能出现在开头。

第 42 题 答案:E

·解题线索: 41 题段(B)末尾说"这些狭窄兴趣之外,还存在着浩瀚的海洋……",接下来自然要展开"浩瀚海洋"之一——阅读题材。E 段即介绍"科学写作的黄金时代",是列举可读内容的第一项。

·排除要点: G 段以"研究还发现"开头,明显是承接某段论述之后的追加,不能在此先出现。

第 43 题 答案:A

·解题线索: 已给的 H 段讲"去读小说吧",与 A 段"只需读一首诗"构成并列的题材推荐(小说—诗歌),句式与语气一脉相承(祈使句开头+具体举例)。

·排除要点: D 段是全文结语,C 段(已给)位于其后讲阅读的"科学依据",故此处只能填"继续推荐题材"的 A。

第 44 题 答案:G

·解题线索: 已给的 C 段讲"神经科学家证明阅读裨益良多",G 段以"研究还发现,阅读能让我们更乐于助人、减少偏见,甚至延长寿命"承接,是对 C 段"益处"的进一步补充,"还"字是关键信号。

·排除要点: D 段为总收尾,应置于全文最后;E 段已在前文使用。

第 45 题 答案:D

·解题线索: D 段"只工作不娱乐确实会让杰克(或吉尔)变得愚钝……在新的一年里,释放你的想象力吧",语含成语典故(all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy)、带总结与呼吁意味,是文章的结尾段,故填在最后一空。

·排除要点: D 段含总结性表述与"新的一年"的时间标记,只可能位于末尾。

参考答案:41. B 42. E 43. A 44. G 45. D

四、解题技巧(新题型通用)

·先定"框架"再填空:拿到排序题,先找出开篇句与结尾句。开篇通常提出论点、含指示代词少;结尾常含总结、呼吁、时间标记(如本文 D 段的"在新的一年里")。

·盯紧"过渡信号":However / Yet 表转折,And / Also / too 表并列,Thus / Therefore 表结果,For example / Some 表例证——本大题 41、44 两空几乎靠信号词即可锁定。

·利用"已给段落"作锚点:C、F、H 已定,是把它们当作"路上的路标"来确定前后空。

·注意代词与指代链:this / such / those 等代词所指必在其前文,可据此判断两段的先后。

·句式与语气一致:H 段与 A 段都以祈使句开头、都举具体例子,这种"同构"是判断相邻的重要提示。

Part C 第三节 英译汉(翻译)

本部分为英译汉(5 句,10 分)。文章主题为"科学素养"(scientific literacy)的源流与意义,属学术性论说文,句式偏长、修饰成分多,得分关键在"拆分准确、表达通顺"。

一、题目说明

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)

题目说明:仔细阅读下面的文章,然后将划线部分翻译成中文。将答案写在答题卡上。(共 10 分)

二、整篇参考译文(帮助把握语境)

当今的科学教育围绕"科学素养"这一理念展开——即非科学家为在社会中有效立足所需具备的基础科学知识。自近 80 年前这一概念提出以来,它一直是课程开发者、地方学校董事会、商界和社区领袖以及政策制定者的核心目标。

这很遗憾,因为 1945 年最初提出的科学素养理念有很多值得推荐之处,当时科学似乎是进步的关键,科学家们似乎掌握着世界的命运。

在美国,早在 19 世纪末,人们就产生了为公众提供普遍的、非技术性科学教育的愿望。

1915 年,广受欢迎的新学科"综合科学"的出现,是培养学生将科学原理应用于日常非科学问题的又一努力。

尽管这些努力针对的是那些不走科学道路的学生,但它们从未真正成为主流思想和公共话语的一部分,未能作为一种手段来凝聚广泛支持,强调学校科学教学的重要性。

随着战争的展开,科学迅速占据了核心地位。战斗越来越依赖于雷达和近炸引信等新型军事技术。基于科学的分析方法在搜寻大西洋上的德国潜艇方面被证明非常成功。此外,还有(当时还是秘密的)制造世界上第一颗原子弹的工作。因此,科学家——尤其是物理学家——发现自己变得供不应求。

三、逐句精解(46–50)

第 46 句

Tracing the history of the term, we can see how the definition of scientific literacy has shifted over time, muddying the waters when it comes to determining the goals of science education.

·结构切分: Tracing the history of the term 为现在分词短语作状语;主句为 we can see how...;how 引导宾语从句;muddying the waters... 为现在分词作结果状语;when it comes to ... 为固定结构,引出话题。

·采分点: ① tracing 状语的处理(可译为"追溯……时/通过追溯……");② muddy the waters 的习语义(使情况变复杂、使混乱);③ when it comes to 的固定译法(在……方面/涉及……时)。

·参考译文: 追溯该术语的历史,我们就能看到,科学素养的定义是如何随时间推移而变化的;而在确定科学教育的目标时,这种变化又使问题变得更加复杂。

第 47 句

A return to that version of scientific literacy, which focused more on teaching what science is and how it works and less on memorizing scientific facts, seems like something society today desperately needs.

·结构切分: 主语是 A return to that version of scientific literacy;which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰 version,从句内含 what science is 与 how it works 两个并列宾语从句;seems like 为谓语;something society today desperately needs 为表语,其中 society today desperately needs 是省略关系词的定语从句修饰 something。

·采分点: ① which 定语从句可拆分为独立分句;② more on ... and less on ... 的对比结构(更侧重……而较少侧重……);③ seems like something ... needs 的处理(似乎是……所需要的)。

·参考译文: 回到那种更注重"科学是什么、如何运作"、而不那么注重记忆科学事实的科学素养版本,似乎正是当今社会所迫切需要的。

第 48 句

Educators advanced the idea of having students complete detailed laboratory exercises in high schools in the belief that such work was beneficial primarily as a way to enhance logical reasoning and observational skills.

·结构切分: 主干为 Educators advanced the idea;of having students complete ... 为介词短语说明 idea 的内容;in the belief that ... 为状语,that 从句解释 belief;primarily as a way to ... 在从句中作状语。

·采分点: ① have sb. do sth. 的使役结构(让学生完成……);② in the belief that(认为/相信);③ primarily as a way to(主要是作为一种……的方式)。

·参考译文: 教育者提出了让学生在高中完成详细实验操作的主张,因为他们相信,这类训练的主要价值在于提升逻辑推理与观察能力。

第 49 句

It wasn't until the phrase "scientific literacy" came along in the 1940s that science had the formidable slogan it needed to command public attention and make improving science education an important national goal.

·结构切分: 本句是 It was not until ... that ... 强调句型,被强调部分是时间状语;it needed ... 为省略关系词的定语从句修饰 slogan;make improving science education an important national goal 为"make + 宾语 + 宾补"结构。

·采分点: ① not until 强调句的译法(直到……才……);② formidable(强大的、令人敬畏的);③ command public attention(赢得/吸引公众关注)。

·参考译文: 直到"科学素养"这一说法在 20 世纪 40 年代出现,科学才拥有了它所需要的那句响亮口号,得以赢得公众关注,并使改善科学教育成为一项重要的国家目标。

第 50 句

The intense focus on scientific literacy in the United States originally grew out of the critical role of science and technology during World War II, as well as the perceived deficiencies of American soldiers.

·结构切分: 主语是 The intense focus on scientific literacy in the United States;谓语是 grew out of;宾语由 the critical role ... 与 the perceived deficiencies ... 通过 as well as 并列构成。

·采分点: ① grow out of(源于、由……产生);② as well as 连接并列宾语;③ the perceived deficiencies(被察觉/被认为存在的不足)。

·参考译文: 美国对科学素养的高度重视,最初源于二战期间科学技术所发挥的关键作用,也源于当时人们所察觉到的美国士兵素养上的不足。

四、翻译解题技巧

·先断句、后翻译:拿到长句先按标点和连词切成若干意群,标出主干(主谓宾),再处理定语、状语。

·定语从句灵活处理:短的定语从句前置译作"……的",长的则拆成独立分句,或用"这/该"承接。

·被动变主动:英文被动句在中文里常需转成主动或无主句,如 be perceived 译为"人们所察觉到的"。

·习语与固定结构直取:muddy the waters、when it comes to、grow out of、not until 强调句等,平时成块积累,考场直接套用。

·译完回读通顺:中文译文要读得通、断得顺,避免"翻译腔";词语逐一对上但读不通,通常要扣分。

第三部分 写作

写作共 30 分,分两节:Part A 应用文(10 分)与 Part B 短文写作(20 分)。本节先给出真题题目与参考范文,再补充写作思路、高分模板与亮点句型,帮助你"背一套、用一片"。

Part A 第一节 应用文写作(51)

一、题目

Directions: Read the following email from your friend Paul and write him a reply.

Hi, Li Ming:

I was really moved by the Chinese families' handwritten letters you posted yesterday. They are priceless. Could you please tell me a bit more about them? And are they currently on public display somewhere? I'm very keen to see them in person. Thanks.

Yours,

Paul

You should write in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not use your own name; use "Li Ming" instead. (10 points)

题目说明:阅读你朋友保罗的电子邮件,并写一封回信。回信中不得使用你的真实姓名,请用"李明"代替。(约 100 词,10 分)

二、审题与要点

·文体判断: 信件是一封朋友间的回信,语气应亲切、礼貌,不必过于正式。

·必须回应的两个问题: ① 这些手写信件的更多信息(背景、年代、价值);② 它们目前是否公开展出(地点、时间)。

·三个得分点: ① 书信格式正确(称呼、正文、落款);② 内容完整覆盖来信的两个问题;③ 语言准确、连贯,词数接近 100。

三、参考范文

Dear Paul,

I'm glad you found those families' handwritten letters touching. They date from the 1930s to the 1980s and capture ordinary people's lives through wars and societal changes, making them valuable historical records.

They are currently part of a special exhibition at the National Museum of China in Beijing. The display runs until the end of this month. If you get a chance to go to Beijing, it's truly worth visiting.

Let me know if you need more details about the exhibition.

Yours truly,

Li Ming

四、范文译文

亲爱的保罗:

我很高兴你觉得那些家庭手写信令人感动。这些信件的时间跨度从 20 世纪 30 年代到 80 年代,记录了普通人在战争和社会变迁中的生活,是珍贵的历史资料。

它们目前正在北京中国国家博物馆的特别展览中展出,展览持续到本月底。如果你有机会去北京,非常值得去看看。

如果你需要更多展览相关的详细信息,可以随时告诉我。

此致

李明

五、高分模板与亮点句型

通用回信模板(朋友/熟人):

Dear ___,

I'm delighted to receive your letter and to know that you are interested in ___.

Here is some information you may need. First, ___. Besides, ___. As for ___, ___.

I hope the above is helpful. If there is anything else you'd like to know, please feel free to ask.

Yours,

___

亮点句型(可直接套用):

·引出话题:I'm glad (that) you are interested in ... / It's a pleasure to tell you more about ...

·介绍信息:They date from ... to ..., capturing ... / make them valuable historical records.

·说明展出:They are currently part of a special exhibition at ... / The display runs until ...

·给出建议:If you get a chance to ..., it's truly worth visiting.

·结束语:Let me know if you need more details. / I'm looking forward to your reply.

六、常见失分点

·漏答问题:只介绍了信件、忘记回答"是否展出",或反之,都会扣内容分。

·格式缺失:缺少称呼(Dear Paul,)或落款(Yours, Li Ming)是硬伤。

·人称错误:题目要求落款用 Li Ming,误写成自己的名字会扣分。

·词数失控:不足 80 词或超过 130 词都不理想,写完后数一数更稳妥。

Part B 第二节 短文写作(52)

一、题目

Directions: Write an essay based on the chart below. In your essay, you should 1) describe the chart briefly, 2) interpret the chart, and 3) give your comments. Write your answer in 160–200 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

题目说明:根据下图写一篇短文,简要描述图表、解读图表并发表评论,160–200 词。(20 分)

二、图表信息

图表主题为"一项关于养老机器人的消费者接受度和首要关注点的调查",左侧为接受度的饼图,右侧为关注点的条形图。

2026考研英语一真题(详细解析版)-第1张图片-四季读书网

图表关键数据:完全接受约 40%,持反对意见 27.9%,部分接受约三分之一;首要关注点中,安全性接近一半,价格 24.9%,便利性仅 10.7%。

三、审题与写作思路

·图画图表作文三段式:

1.首段——客观描述:概述图表主题,点出最突出的数据(40% 接受、近半关注安全)。

2.中段——分析解读:解释现象背后的原因(人工智能与机器人制造进步、人口老龄化压力、新技术引发疑虑)。

3.末段——评论展望:给出个人看法(技术完善、成本下降后,养老机器人将大有可为)。

四、参考范文

The two charts above present the results of a survey on consumers' acceptance of elderly-care robots and their main viewpoints. From the pie chart on the left, we can clearly see that about 40% of consumers state that they fully accept elderly-care robots as a new concept. In contrast, 27.9% of respondents hold opposing views, while the remaining one third of the surveyed consumers indicate that they can partially accept this idea. The bar chart on the right shows the main concerns behind these opinions. Nearly half of the respondents pay more attention to the safety of elderly-care robots, while 24.9% of consumers are more concerned about their price. Surprisingly, only 10.7% of people focus more on the convenience they provide.

In recent years, with the continuous advancement of artificial intelligence technology and improvements in robot manufacturing, people seem to have found a solution to cope with the pressure of population aging. However, the emergence of any new technology inevitably arouses public doubt; likewise, the safety of elderly-care robots has become the primary concern.

I believe that in the near future, with technological advancements, the safety of elderly-care robots will be significantly improved, and their costs will also decrease substantially as productivity increases. By then, elderly-care robots will become a powerful tool in addressing the challenges of population aging.

五、范文译文

上图的两张图表展示了关于消费者对养老机器人接受度及其主要观点的调查结果。从左侧饼图可以看出,约 40% 的消费者完全接受养老机器人这一新概念,27.9% 的受访者持反对意见,剩余三分之一的消费者表示可以部分接受。右侧条形图展示了这些观点背后的主要担忧:近一半受访者最关注养老机器人的安全性,24.9% 的消费者更关心其价格,仅有 10.7% 的人关注其便利性。

近年来,随着人工智能技术进步和机器人制造水平提升,人们似乎找到了应对人口老龄化压力的解决方案。然而任何新技术的出现都不可避免地会引发公众疑虑,养老机器人的安全问题也成为了首要关注点。

我相信,在不久的将来,随着技术进步,养老机器人的安全性将显著提高,其成本也会随着生产力提升而大幅下降。届时,养老机器人将成为应对人口老龄化挑战的有力工具。

六、高分模板与亮点句型

图表作文通用模板:

第一段(描述): As is vividly shown in the chart(s), ___ (主题). Specifically, ___ accounts for ___%, while ___ takes up ___. It can be seen that ___.

第二段(分析): Several factors may account for this phenomenon. To begin with, ___. In addition, ___. Last but not least, ___.

第三段(评论): From my perspective, ___. It is advisable that we (should) ___. Only in this way can we ___.

亮点句型(可直接套用):

·描述数据:From the pie chart we can clearly see that ... / Nearly half of the respondents ... / Surprisingly, only ...

·对比转折:In contrast, ... / while the remaining one third ...

·分析原因:In recent years, with the continuous advancement of ..., people seem to have ...

·表达观点:From my perspective, ... / It is advisable that we should ...

·展望升华:By then, ___ will become a powerful tool in addressing the challenges of ___.

七、常见失分点

·只描述不评论:漏掉第三段的"评论",会因任务未完成而扣分。

·数据不准确:图表作文务必核对百分比(40%、27.9%、24.9%、10.7%),错用数据会显得不严谨。

·词数不足:低于 160 词难以体现内容完整,建议稳定在 180 词左右。

·句式单一:通篇主谓宾、缺少从句与衔接词,会影响语言分;平时多积累描述与分析的固定句式。

附录

附录一 参考答案速查表

一、英语知识运用(完形填空 1–20)

题号

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

答案

A

D

B

C

B

C

A

D

A

D

题号

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

答案

D

D

C

A

B

C

C

B

B

A

二、阅读理解 Part A(21–40)

题号

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

答案

C

D

A

B

B

D

A

B

C

A

题号

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

答案

A

A

C

B

D

D

C

B

D

C

三、阅读理解 Part B(新题型 41–45)

题号

41

42

43

44

45

答案

B

E

A

G

D

四、阅读理解 Part C(翻译 46–50)

题号

参考译文要点

46

追溯术语历史,可见科学素养定义随时间变化,使确定科学教育目标时情况更复杂

47

回到更重"科学是什么、如何运作"、少背事实的科学素养版本,正是当今社会所急需

48

教育者主张高中详细实验,认为其价值主要在提升逻辑推理与观察能力

49

直到 20 世纪 40 年代"科学素养"出现,科学才有响亮口号赢得关注、推动教育成为国家目标

50

美国对科学素养的重视源于二战科技的关键作用及当时士兵素养不足

五、写作(51–52)

题目

类型

要点

51

应用文(回信)

介绍家庭手写信件的年代与价值;说明目前在北京中国国家博物馆展出

52

图表作文

描述养老机器人接受度与关注点;分析原因;评论其前景

附录二 核心词汇总表

完形填空部分

词汇

释义

词汇

释义

advance

进步、推进

artificial intelligence

人工智能

aspect

方面

potential

潜力、潜在的

hazard

危险、隐患

dominate

主导、支配

collaborative

协作的

endeavor

努力、事业

algorithm

算法

try-on

试穿

provocative

有启发性的

analyze

分析

personalized

个性化的

customized

定制的

cater to

迎合、满足

perpetuate

使永存

unattainable

难以企及的

distorted

扭曲的

self-esteem

自尊

appreciation

欣赏

genuine

真正的

阅读理解 Part A 部分

词汇

释义

词汇

释义

propel

推动

intertwined

交织的

genome

基因组

domestication

驯化

tame

驯服

equine

马的;马科动物

testimony

证据

pinpoint

精确定位

herder

牧民

enlist

争取、借助

melodramatic

夸张的

guild

协会

suspend

暂停

in good conscience

凭良心

pessimism

悲观情绪

incentive

激励措施

pass up

放弃、错过

afloat

维持下去的

glut

供过于求

dip

下降

drift away

流失

bench

人才储备

dispel

消除

rejoice

欣喜

simultaneously

同时地

curator

策展人

verbatim

逐字的

serendipity

意外之喜

ebb

消退

niche

小众的

fret

焦虑

mandate

任务、指令

blaze

大火

severity

严重程度

curb

遏制

flammable

易燃的

peter out

逐渐消失

cadence

节奏、节律

suppression

抑制、扑灭

deficit

缺口、赤字

testament

证明

erode

侵蚀、削弱

ignite

点燃

prescribed burn

计划性燃烧

resilient

有恢复力的

double-edged sword

双刃剑

附录三 写作高分模板与万能句型汇总

一、应用文(书信)常用句式

功能

句式

开篇致意

I'm delighted to receive your letter. / Thank you for your interest in ...

引出信息

Here is some information you may need. / It's a pleasure to tell you more about ...

分点说明

First, ... Besides, ... As for ..., ...

提出建议

If you get a chance to ..., it's truly worth ... / You'd better ...

结尾收束

I hope the above is helpful. / Let me know if you need more details.

二、短文写作(图表/图画)常用句式

段落

功能

句式

首段

描述数据

As is vividly shown in the chart, ... / ___ accounts for ___%.

首段

对比转折

In contrast, ... / while the remaining ...

中段

分析原因

Several factors may account for this phenomenon. / To begin with, ...

中段

递进补充

In addition, ... / What's more, ...

末段

表达观点

From my perspective, ... / As far as I am concerned, ...

末段

呼吁展望

It is advisable that we should ... / Only in this way can we ...

三、写作提分小贴士

·先列提纲再动笔:应用文先写"要点提纲",短文写作先写"三段要点",避免写到一半跑题。

·控制词数:应用文 100 词左右、短文 180 词左右,考场上默数行数即可估计。

·段落清晰:短文写作务必分段,段首用主题句,段内用衔接词串联。

·卷面整洁:书写工整、少涂改,第一印象分不容忽视。


推荐阅读:

2026考研英语一真题完整版(附逐段翻译+答案)

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