本篇是科技说明文，主题为可生物降解柔性机器人，属于环保和前沿科技类阅读，文章逻辑线：提出电子垃圾难题→介绍可降解机器人样品→研发材料、制作过程、实验结果→未来应用前景→现存局限。 

命题遵循由浅入深的梯度：细节理解→段落细节归纳→全文细节判断，侧重考查定位信息、区分段落主旨、比对选项和原文信息，设置典型偷换概念、扩大范围的干扰项，侧重考查信息比对能力。

与2026年烟台市中考阅读D篇有类似之处跟着真题学英语｜科普类文章阅读-2026年烟台中考阅读理解D篇

Imagine a robot. What comes to your mind first? A machine stronger than the human body? However, this same quality is now causing a big problem—it's creating tons of long-lasting e-waste that could flood our planet. What if, instead, the machines we use were designed to break down and disappear—just as living things do?

For a study published in Science Advances, researchers made a robotic arm and a controller using materials from animals and plants. These materials are strong enough to work but can easily break down in a natural environment. After testing, both parts were gone in soil within weeks.

Biodegradable (可生物降解的) robotics often falls under the umbrella of soft robotics, which takes ideas from nature. “This field started in materials science and chemistry rather than traditional robots that come from mechanical (机械的) engineering,” says Florian Hartmann, a materials scientist from Germany. However, many early soft robotics models still used man-made materials that cause pollution.

Wei, a scientist who studies natural materials in Hangzhou, worked together with his friend Zhang, a robotics engineer in Shanghai, to build robots for the new study. They started with cellulose (纤维素) taken from cotton. Then, they added glycerol (甘油) to make a new material that is soft and easy to change shapes. After that they allowed it to dry so it became strong. “Cellulose is cheap and easy to work with,” says Wei. They found that the controller and the robotic arm stood up to both heavy use and a week of inactivity. Finally, they buried (埋) them both in a hole. Within eight weeks these two parts were almost completely gone.

Wei and Zhang expect that robots like these can be used to deal with dangerous waste and then disappear naturally. They also hope that such robots can aid doctors in operations and then safely break down inside the body.

However, it's important to note that the technology is still in very early stages. “If we truly want to have a biodegradable robot,” Hartmann says, “we also need to make sure its electronics and power parts are biodegradable.”

27.What is special about the robotic arm and the controller in Paragraph 2?

A. They are green.B. They are hard.C. They are intelligent.D. They are affordable.

28.What is mentioned in Paragraph 5 about soft robots?

A. Their operation.B. Their applications.C. Their challenges.D. Their performance.

29.What can we learn from the passage?

A. Soft robots are widely used to clean up e-waste.

B. Soft robots have to rest for a week after heavy use.

C. The designing of soft robots borrows ideas from nature.

D. Mechanical engineering offers new ways to run soft robots.

重点短语

1.come to one’s mind 浮现在某人脑海中

2.tons of 大量的

3.long-lasting e-waste 持久性电子垃圾

4.flood our planet 淹没我们的星球

5.break down 分解；降解

6.living things 生物

7.be published in 发表于（期刊）

8.take ideas from nature 借鉴大自然的思路

9.fall under the umbrella of 属于…… 范畴；归在…… 之下

10.materials science 材料科学

11.mechanical engineering 机械工程

12.man-made materials 人造材料

13.cause pollution 造成污染

14.cellulose taken from cotton 取自棉花的纤维素

15.stand up to 经受得住；承受

16.heavy use 高频使用、反复使用

17.deal with dangerous waste 处理危险废弃物

18.aid doctors in operations 辅助医生做手术

19.break down inside the body 在体内降解

29.in very early stages 处于非常早期的阶段

21.electronics and power parts 电子元件与动力部件

长难句&复合句解析

1.However, this same quality is now causing a big problem—it's creating tons of long-lasting e-waste that could flood our planet. 

主句+破折号解释句+ that引导定语从句修饰e-waste 

翻译：然而，这同一个特性如今正在引发一个巨大问题——它产生了大量持久性电子垃圾，这些垃圾可能会淹没我们的星球。

注意flood的用法 

2.What if, instead, the machines we use were designed to break down and disappear—just as living things do? What if 固定句型（倘若…… 会怎样）；

(that) we use 定语从句修饰machines；

as 引导方式状语从句 

翻译：反过来设想一下：如果我们使用的机器被设计成可以分解消失，就像生物一样，会怎么样？ 

3.For a study published in Science Advances, researchers made a robotic arm and a controller using materials from animals and plants. published in… 过去分词作后置定语修饰study；

using… 现在分词作方式状语 

翻译：在一项发表于《科学进展》的研究中，研究人员利用动植物材料制作了一个机械臂和一个控制器。

4.Biodegradable (可生物降解的) robotics often falls under the umbrella of soft robotics, which takes ideas from nature. which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词soft robotics 

翻译：可生物降解机器人技术通常属于柔性机器人技术的范畴，柔性机器人借鉴大自然的思路。 

5.“This field started in materials science and chemistry rather than traditional robots that come from mechanical (机械的) engineering,” says Florian Hartmann, a materials scientist from Germany. 

直接引语作主句；

that 引导定语从句修饰traditional robots；

rather than 而不是；

a materials scientist from Germany 同位语，介绍Florian Hartmann 

翻译：来自德国的材料科学家弗洛里安・哈特曼说：“这个领域起源于材料科学与化学，而非源自机械工程的传统机器人。”

6.Wei, a scientist who studies natural materials in Hangzhou, worked together with his friend Zhang, a robotics engineer in Shanghai, to build robots for the new study. who 引导定语从句修饰scientist；

a robotics engineer… 同位语；

to build 不定式作目的状语 

翻译：在杭州研究天然材料的科学家魏，和他的朋友、上海机器人工程师张合作，为这项新研究制作机器人。

7.Then, they added glycerol (甘油) to make a new material that is soft and easy to change shapes. 

不定式to make 表目的；

that 引导定语从句修饰new material 

翻译：然后他们加入甘油，制成一种柔软、易于塑形的新材料。

8.They found that the controller and the robotic arm stood up to both heavy use and a week of inactivity. that 引导宾语从句，作found的宾语；

both…and… 并列结构 

翻译：他们发现，这个控制器和机械臂既能经受高频使用，也能承受一周的静置。

9.Wei and Zhang expect that robots like these can be used to deal with dangerous waste and then disappear naturally. that 引导宾语从句；

被动语态can be used to do 

翻译：魏和张预计，这类机器人可以用来处理危险废弃物，之后自然降解消失。

10.However, it's important to note that the technology is still in very early stages. it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的to note；

that 引导宾语从句 

翻译：不过，需要重点注意的是，这项技术仍处于非常早期的阶段。

11.“If we truly want to have a biodegradable robot,” Hartmann says, “we also need to make sure its electronics and power parts are biodegradable.” if 引导条件状语从句；

make sure 后面省略that 的宾语从句 

翻译：哈特曼说：“如果我们真的想要做出可生物降解机器人，我们还必须保证它的电子元件和动力部件也是可降解的。”

27 题

题干：What is special about the robotic arm and the controller in Paragraph 2? 

考点：细节理解，抓取核心特征 

原文信息：材料取自动植物，可在自然环境中分解，几周内在土壤中消失，属于环保绿色。 

正确选项A. They are green. 

干扰项设置：B They are hard：原文材料可塑形、柔软，和原文相反；C They are intelligent：文中没有提到智能；D They are affordable：后文只说纤维素便宜，不是这个机械臂和控制器的核心特点。 

考查学生抓住段落核心属性，区分次要信息和核心特征；green 在这里是熟词生义“环保的”，暗藏考点。

28 题

题干：What is mentioned in Paragraph 5 about soft robots? 

考点：段落主旨归纳，识别段落核心内容 第五段内容：原料纤维素、添加甘油、材料特性、测试（高频使用、静置一周）、埋入土中降解实验，也就是机器人的性能表现。 

正确选项D. Their performance. 

干扰项设置：A Their operation（操作）：没有讲如何操作使用；B Their applications（应用）：应用是下一段内容；C Their challenges（挑战）：挑战在最后一段。

区分 “制作过程、性能测试、应用前景、技术难点” 几个不同板块，训练学生概括段落大意，分清不同段落功能。

29 题

题干：What can we learn from the passage? 

考点：全文细节正误判断

正确选项C. The designing of soft robots borrows ideas from nature. 

原文定位：Biodegradable robotics often falls under the umbrella of soft robotics, which takes ideas from nature. 

干扰项设置：A：widely used 广泛使用，原文最后说技术还处于早期阶段，夸大范围；B：have to rest for a week 必须休息一周，原文是测试条件：经受高频使用和一周静置，不是使用要求；D：Mechanical engineering 提供新方式，原文说柔性机器人起源是材料、化学，不是传统机械工程。 

经典陷阱——扩大范围、偷换条件、张冠李戴，重点考查学生精读、核对原文，警惕绝对词。