交互版最新五年高考真题分类优化卷·英语(八)阅读理解——人与社会·科学与技术 七篇,原文答案解析一次配齐

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一、答案速查

先对答案，再回去看解析，效率最高

共 28 小题 · 每小题 2.5 分 · 满分 70 分

1–5CABDC 

6–10BCAAC

11–15DBABD

16–20BACAD

21–25BADDB

26–28ABD

二、七篇逐篇精讲

结构 → 原文 → 逐题定位

阅读 A · 1—4

烧开自来水，能去掉多少微塑料

▫️ ① 现象导入：微塑料遍布深海、喜马拉雅、火山岩与南极雪，甚至出现在人体内

▫️ ② 新研究：烧开自来水五分钟再过滤，可去除至少 80% 的微塑料

▫️ ③ 关键条件：水中碳酸钙要够——硬水降 90%，软水只降 25%

▫️ ④ 研究局限：只测三种塑料，未涉及氯乙烯等其他化学物质

▫️ ⑤ 现实意义：连瓶装水的微塑料都比原先估计多 10—1000 倍

▫️ ⑥ 专家评价：肯定“烧水截留”这一机制，建议升级自来水处理厂

Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.

Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.

Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.

Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.

Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.

Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”

1. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?

A. By quoting an expert.

B. By defining a concept.

C. By giving examples.✅

D. By providing statistics.

答案 C

推理判断题。根据第一段“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.”可推知，作者是通过列举深海、喜马拉雅、火山岩、海鸟胃、南极雪、人体等一系列具体事例，来提出微塑料污染问题的。

2. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water?

A. The hardness of water.✅

B. The length of cooling time.

C. The frequency of filtering.

D. The type of plastic in water.

答案 A

细节理解题。根据第三段“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度（碳酸钙含量）。

3. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?

A. The importance of plastic recycling.

B. The severity of the microplastic problem.✅

C. The danger in overusing pure water.

D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.

答案 B

推理判断题。对应原文“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.”作者提到瓶装水，是为了说明微塑料污染之严重——连“看起来最干净”的水都不安全。

4. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about?

A. Choice of new research methods.

B. Possible direction for further study.

C. Need to involve more researchers.

D. Potential application of the findings.✅

答案 D

推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay 的建议是“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”——她谈的是这项研究结果潜在的应用方向：升级饮用水处理厂，让它们去除微塑料。

阅读 B · 5—8

一本把 AI 讲明白的书

▫️ ① 提出议题：AI 将重塑生活，我们都需要行动——《AI by Design》由此登场

▫️ ② 可读性：写得不好会像代码一样难懂，坎贝尔用二十年经验把高深讲浅

▫️ ③ 视角选择：以商人而非学者的角度写作，通俗而有信息量

▫️ ④ 概念升级：从“窄 AI”到通用 AI 再到“AI 主导智能”，故须提前唤醒

▫️ ⑤ 核心主张：唤醒科技公司与政界，趁“临界点”共同规制，避免人类灭绝级风险

Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).

In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.

As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says, will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future now—several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.

Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI—the technology companies and world leaders—so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.

5. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. If read by someone poorly educated.

B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.

C. If written by someone less competent.✅

D. If translated by someone unacademic.

答案 C

词义猜测题。根据第二段“In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.”可知，坎贝尔写的这本书通俗易懂，如果换作能力不足的人来写，可能就不是这样了。由此可推知，画线短语在此处表示“如果由能力较差的人来写”。

6. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?

A. It is packed with complex codes.

B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.✅

C. It provides step-by-step instructions.

D. It is intended for AI professionals.

答案 B

细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，坎贝尔在书中把晦涩难懂的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂。由此可推知，它采用了接地气的写作风格。

7. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?

A. Observe existing regulations on it.

B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.

C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.✅

D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.

答案 C

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.”和最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall.”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力，把人工智能控制在人类手中。

8. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A. To recommend a book on AI.✅

B. To give a brief account of AI history.

C. To clarify the definition of AI.

D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.

答案 A

推理判断题。根据第一段内容和最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.”可知，本文主要介绍了坎贝尔所著《AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence》一书：该书作为应对 AI 革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述人工智能的发展现状与前景，强调控制人工智能的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。

阅读 C · 9—12

猫到底在说什么

▫️ ① 总起：动物各有表达需求的方式，猫的“发声”本领格外突出

▫️ ② 叫声分类：饿时连声叫、求爱抚时叫声绵长柔软；幼猫一出生就会叫

▫️ ③ 嗅觉本领：用鼻子评估环境、嗅出危险，靠熟悉气味认人

▫️ ④ 辨认主人：记住主人脸上的气味，能立刻察觉主人身上有别的猫

▫️ ⑤ “送礼”本能：像捕食者一样叼东西回家，自古就有的天性，随它去就好

Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you’re able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed.

Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like.

Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!

9. What can be learned about cats’ meowing from the first paragraph?

A. It’s a survival skill.✅

B. It’s taught by mother cats.

C. It’s hard to interpret.

D. It’s getting louder with age.

答案 A

细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed.”可知，猫叫是幼猫一出生就用来引起母猫注意、求得喂养的手段，是一种生存技能。

10. How does a pet cat assess different situations?

A. By listening for sounds.

B. By touching familiar objects.

C. By checking on smells.✅

D. By communicating with other cats.

答案 C

细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.”可知，宠物猫通过鼻子检查气味来评估不同的环境。

11. Which best explains the phrase “take ... up a notch” in paragraph 3?

A. Perform appropriately.

B. Move faster.

C. Act strangely.

D. Do better.✅

答案 D

词义猜测题。根据第三段“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit”和“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，而猫能从外面找到东西带回家，在这一行径上更上一层楼。短语 take ... up a notch 形容猫在“带东西回家”这件事上做得更好、更出色。

12. What is a suitable title for the text?

A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat.

B. Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior.✅

C. Have Fun with Your Cat.

D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy.

答案 B

标题归纳题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.”并结合全文可知，文章介绍和解释了猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior”作为文章标题最为合适。

阅读 D · 13—16

禁令没用，那就查手机

▫️ ① 现状：七年禁发短信，宣传手段几乎用尽

▫️ ② 反效果：任何指标看，问题都在变糟，事故由降转急升

▫️ ③ 归因：车开得更多；局长却说分心驾驶“只增不减”

▫️ ④ 转向：立法者与公共卫生专家回头借用“治酒驾”的老办法

▫️ ⑤ 新工具：纽约拟给警察配 Textalyzer，现场读手机操作记录

▫️ ⑥ 立法者声音：奥蒂斯要“写进法条”，让司机不敢再碰手机

Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.

Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.

That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted (分心) driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.”

“Big change requires big ideas,” he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.

An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws.

“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”

13. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers’ texting in the US?

A. Ineffective.✅

B. Unnecessary.

C. Inconsistent.

D. Unfair.

答案 A

推理判断题。题干关键信息“the ban on drivers’ texting in the US”指向各州禁止司机发短信的禁令效果。综合第一段内容和第二段首句“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse”可知，大多数州用了各种各样的方法劝司机开车时放下手机，可情况却越来越糟，故判断这些禁令是无效的。

14. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?

A. Where a driver came from.

B. Whether a driver used their phone.✅

C. How fast a driver was going.

D. When a driver arrived at the scene.

答案 B

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws.”可知，Textalyzer 能确定的是司机是否用手机发过短信、邮件，或做过其他驾驶法规不允许的事。

15. What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. Advice.

B. Data.

C. Tests.

D. Laws.✅

答案 D

代词指代题。画线词 something 之后有后置定语“on the books”和“that can change people’s behavior”，据此判断 something 是“写在法条上的、能改变人们行为”的东西。再看下文“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, ‘people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.’”，奥蒂斯希望 Textalyzer 法案成为法律，这样人们会更不敢碰手机。故 something 指代的是法律。

16. What is a suitable title for the text?

A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start.

B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer.✅

C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.

D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer.

答案 B

标题归纳题。纵观全文：前两段说各种劝说司机放下手机的办法都无效，问题越来越严重；第三段解释该现象产生的部分原因；第四、五段讲纽约立法者提出用 Textalyzer 监控司机开车时是否用手机；最后一段是相关人士呼吁让这项技术真正改变人们的行为。故 B 项“Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer.”（发短信还是开车？当心 Textalyzer）适合作标题。

阅读 E · 17—20

无人机怎么替铁路“看路”

▫️ ① 设问切入：无人机能否既保铁路安全，又替运营方每年省下数十亿欧元

▫️ ② 已有基础：无人机已在巡检高压电线，同理可查铁轨与道岔位置

▫️ ③ 效益账：维护成本大降、人身安全提升——欧洲铁路年维护费约 200 亿欧元

▫️ ④ 技术前景：“轨道无人机”随车先行，像副驾驶一样提前预警

Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.

Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.

That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.

By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.

17. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?

A. The use of drones in checking on power lines.✅

B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.

C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.

D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.

答案 A

细节理解题。根据第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure”可知，无人机已被用来检测高压电力线路，同样的技术可以照搬到铁路上——正是这一点让无人机应用于铁路成为可能。

18. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Personnel safety.

B. Assistance from drones.

C. Inspection and repair.✅

D. Construction of infrastructure.

答案 C

细节理解题。根据第三段“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”可知，铁路的 maintenance 包括派人在夜间检查和修复铁路基础设施，即“检查与维修”。

19. What function is expected of the rail drones?

A. To provide early warning.✅

B. To make trains run automatically.

C. To earn profits for the crews.

D. To accelerate transportation.

答案 A

细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time”可知，未来轨道无人机被期待的功能是提前发现问题并向列车发出预警，让列车及时反应。

20. Which is the most suitable title for the text?

A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones.

B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded.

C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face.

D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways.✅

答案 D

标题归纳题。通读全文：第一段导入，综述无人机在铁路运营方面的应用前景；第二段讲无人机在铁路运营中的部分功能和作用；第三段讲无人机在降低铁路维护成本、保护铁路员工人身安全方面的作用；第四段讲无人机还能为铁路运营做更多事。可见全文讲的是无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。

阅读 F · 21—24

看艺术，为什么会让人更会想

▫️ ① 实验目的：比较“只看见”艺术与“主动评判美”对认知的影响

▫️ ② 实验设计：187 人看陶艺展，“美感组”打分，控制组只做图形匹配

▫️ ③ 主效应：美感组抽象思维平均高约 14%，有艺术爱好者高 25% 以上

▫️ ④ 排除干扰：情绪也被测量，美感组“感动”更高但并未更快乐

▫️ ⑤ 作者解读：屏幕时代“放空”变少，赏美是启动抽象思维的好办法

A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive(认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.

In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way.

Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group.

Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings”—such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired—than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience.

“We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. “It’s become much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstractcognitive processes.”

21. What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects?

A. Draw their outlines.

B. Give each piece a rating.✅

C. Compare their prices.

D. Make a copy of each piece.

答案 B

细节理解题。根据第二段“…the ‘beauty’ group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed”可知，美感组的任务是为自己看到的每件陶艺作品的美感打分评级。

22. Which participants got the highest score on average in the test?

A. Beauty group, with an artistic hobby.✅

B. Beauty group, without an artistic hobby.

C. Control group, with an artistic hobby.

D. Control group, without an artistic hobby.

答案 A

细节理解题。根据第三段“those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group”可知，有艺术爱好的美感组参与者抽象思维平均分最高，远高于其他组。

23. Why were the participants’ emotional states measured?

A. To discover their attitudes towards art.

B. To identify their specific thinking patterns.

C. To examine the difficulty of the tasks.

D. To determine factors behind the test results.✅

答案 D

推理判断题。第四段先测量参与者的情绪状态，随后得出结论“it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience”。可见测情绪是为了排除“整体积极情绪”这一干扰因素，确认影响测试结果的真正原因。

24. What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art?

A. It enhances emotional ties.

B. It needs critical thinking skills.

C. It creates positive feelings.

D. It encourages abstract thinking.✅

答案 D

推理判断题。全文围绕实验展开，核心结论是主动欣赏艺术之美能显著提升人的抽象思维能力；且研究特意说明这不是“变开心”带来的，而是“与美的互动”本身。故 D 项正确。

阅读 G · 25—28

机器人能替牛仔看牛吗

▫️ ① 背景：澳洲教授研发放牧机器人，因行业面临劳动力短缺

▫️ ② 技术细节：四轮太阳能机器人＋摄像头＋耳标测温＋草地质地监测

▫️ ③ 对比：种植收割早已机械化，唯有“看牛”几乎没变

▫️ ④ 反方：德州老牛仔邦兹坚持“人骑马”最好，经验与技术失败说服了他

▫️ ⑤ 支持方：牛价上涨、偷牛增多，机器人正合需要

An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that’s relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.

Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.

Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as corn and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.

For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it’s increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn’t believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry—and failed attempts to use technology—have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.

Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen’s Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.

25. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry?

A. Soil pollution.

B. Lack of workers.✅

C. Aging machines.

D. Low profitability.

答案 B

细节理解题。根据第一段“…a profession that’s relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.”可知，畜牧这一行当面临劳动力短缺的问题。

26. What will Sukkarieh’s robot be able to do?

A. Monitor the quality of grass.✅

B. Cure the diseased cattle.

C. Move cattle to another field.

D. Predict weather changes.

答案 A

细节理解题。根据第二段“The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture of grass.”可知，Sukkarieh 的机器人能通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草场质量。搬牛、治病是后续由人决定的事，不是机器人自己做的。

27. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?

A. He wants to help them earn a living.

B. He thinks men can do the job better.✅

C. He is inexperienced in using robots.

D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.

答案 B

细节理解题。根据第四段“But Bonds doesn’t believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry—and failed attempts to use technology—have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.”可知，邦兹仍雇牛仔看牛，是因为他相信人骑马看牛才是最好的办法，即人能把这份活儿做得更好。

28. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey?

A. Increase the value of cattle.

B. Bring down the cost of labor.

C. Make the job more appealing.

D. Keep cattle from being stolen.✅

答案 D

细节理解题。根据最后一段“Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen’s Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.”可知，在偷牛问题日益令人担忧的背景下，机器人可用于看护牛群，防止牛被偷。

三、这七篇，其实教了我们一件事

读说明文，先找“谁被改变了”

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