高考英语60句长难句(原句+主干拆解+翻译+核心考点)｜2026–2023真题倒序梳理版📌2026高考真题（句1‑15）句1【2026·全国I卷】原句：Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car.主干拆解：主句倒装Little do they know；that引导宾语从句，从句内部as引导时间状语从句；to do不定式作目的状语翻译：他们几乎不知道，在他们这样操作时，一股能量会输送至地面，用来给电动汽车充电。核心考点：①否定词little置于句首，主句部分倒装；②宾语从句嵌套as时间状语从句；③不定式作目的状语句2【2026·全国II卷】原句：They consist of an electric motor which collects energy used in the braking action that would be lost as heat by conventional brakes.主干拆解：主干They consist of an electric motor；which引导定语从句修饰motor；used过去分词后置定语；that引导第二层定语从句修饰energy翻译：装置内置电机，可以收集制动过程产生的能量，而传统刹车系统中这部分能量会以热能形式损耗掉。核心考点：①双层定语从句嵌套（which + that）；②过去分词used后置定语，省略which is；③被动语态在科普文体中的应用句3【2026·全国I卷】原句：If you enter through the wrong access point, you'll be turned around and redirected — so plan ahead.主干拆解：if引导真实条件状语从句；主句you'll be turned around and redirected，并列被动谓语翻译：如果你从错误入口进入，工作人员会引导你折返改道，请提前做好规划。核心考点：①if条件状语从句，遵循主将从现；②并列被动语态；③破折号引出祈使句句4【2026·全国I卷】原句：For those wishing to park near friends, all vehicles must have passes for the same zone and arrive together — spaces cannot be saved.主干拆解：主干all vehicles must have passes and arrive；wishing现在分词后置定语修饰those；for the same zone介词短语后置修饰passes翻译：想要和好友就近停车，所有车辆必须持有同一区域通行证并且一同抵达，车位不可预留。核心考点：①现在分词doing作后置定语，等价于who wish；②多层后置修饰叠加；③被动语态spaces cannot be saved句5【2026·新高考I卷】原句：Scientists are now trying to find out whether the same principle can be applied to reduce carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.主干拆解：主干Scientists are trying to find out；whether引导宾语从句；to reduce不定式作目的状语翻译：科学家目前正尝试研究，能否运用相同原理来降低大气中的二氧化碳含量。核心考点：①whether引导宾语从句；②情态动词can + be done被动结构；③不定式表目的句6【2026·新高考II卷】原句：What impresses most readers is that the writer combines daily life with cutting‑edge scientific ideas in this novel.主干拆解：What引导主语从句；that引导表语从句；主干What impresses readers is that…翻译：令大多数读者印象深刻的是，作者在这本小说中将日常生活与前沿科学理念融为一体。核心考点：①what引导主语从句；②that引导表语从句；③固定搭配combine…with…句7【2026·全国I卷】原句：While the method brings convenience, it also raises concerns about privacy protection among users.主干拆解：while引导让步状语从句；主句it also raises concerns；about privacy protection介词后置定语翻译：尽管该方法带来便利，但也引发了用户对于隐私保护方面的担忧。核心考点：①while表“虽然”引导让步状语从句（易混考点，区别于当…时）；②介词短语后置修饰名词concerns句8【2026·新高考I卷】原句：Many graduates choose jobs where they can gain practical experience rather than simply earn high salaries.主干拆解：主干Many graduates choose jobs；where引导定语从句修饰抽象地点jobs翻译：很多毕业生会选择能够积累实操经验的岗位，而不是单纯高薪的工作。核心考点：①where引导定语从句修饰抽象先行词jobs；②rather than并列结构句9【2026·全国II卷】原句：Having spent years observing animal behaviour, the researcher concluded that animals also have complex emotional needs.主干拆解：Having spent现在分词完成式作状语；主句the researcher concluded；that宾语从句翻译：经过多年观察动物行为，这名研究人员得出结论：动物同样拥有复杂的情感需求。核心考点：①having done现在分词完成式作状语（动作先于主句动作）；②that引导宾语从句句10【2026·新高考II卷】原句：The policy, which was released last month, aims to encourage young people to take part in rural construction.主干拆解：主干The policy aims to…；which引导非限制性定语从句，插入主谓之间翻译：这项于上月发布的政策，旨在鼓励年轻人参与乡村建设。核心考点：①which非限制性定语从句分隔主谓结构；②encourage sb to do固定搭配句11【2026·全国I卷】原句：Only when students master basic knowledge can they make steady progress in long‑term English learning.主干拆解：Only + when状语从句置于句首，主句部分倒装；从句when students master basic knowledge翻译：只有学生掌握基础知识之后，他们才能在长期的英语学习中取得稳步进步。核心考点：①Only+状语前置，主句部分倒装（高考高频）；②when时间状语从句句12【2026·全国II卷】原句：But elevation is necessarily relative: only the choice of a reference point allows us to express numerically the height of an object or a location.主干拆解：冒号前主句elevation is relative；冒号后解释分句，主干the choice allows us to do翻译：但海拔必然是相对的：只有选定参考点，我们才能够用数值表示物体或者地点的高度。核心考点：①冒号引导解释说明分句；②allow sb to do宾补结构句13【2026·新高考I卷】原句：Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city's trees, produce huge amounts of oxygen every single day.主干拆解：主句Oaks and sweetgums produce oxygen；which非限制性定语从句，分隔主谓翻译：橡树与枫香树目前占据这座城市树木的大部分，每天可以产生大量氧气。核心考点：①非限制性定语从句隔开主语谓语；②固定搭配account for句14【2026·新高考II卷】原句：It is the effective communication between teachers and students that makes a big difference to classroom efficiency.主干拆解：强调句型It is … that …；被强调部分effective communication翻译：正是师生之间高效的沟通，对课堂效率产生巨大影响。核心考点：it is…that强调句的识别，区分定语从句句15【2026·全国I卷】原句：Unless you keep reviewing what you have learned, you will gradually forget those important vocabulary points.主干拆解：unless引导条件状语从句；从句内部what引导宾语从句；主句you will forget points翻译：除非你持续复习已经学过的内容，否则你会慢慢遗忘这些重要的词汇知识点。核心考点：①unless引导条件状语从句；②what引导宾语从句作review宾语📌2025高考真题（句16‑30）句16【2025·新高考I卷】原句：As the world races to decarbonize everything, transportation faces particular problems, which accounts for about a quarter of our energy‑related greenhouse gas emissions.主干拆解：as引导时间状语从句；主句transportation faces problems；which非限制性定语从句翻译：在全球加速全面脱碳的大背景下，交通领域面临着特殊难题，该领域碳排放约占能源相关温室气体总排放的四分之一。核心考点：①as引导状语从句多义辨析；②which指代整件事的非限制性定语从句句17【2025·全国I卷】原句：Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion "New York as a decent place to live".主干拆解：Describing现在分词作原因状语；主句Jane Jacobs called on mayor to do翻译：简·雅各布斯描述了自己对于此地将被高速公路取代的担忧，呼吁市长守护纽约宜居的城市属性。核心考点：现在分词位于句首作原因状语；call on sb to do固定搭配句18【2025·全国II卷】原句：Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant‑rich workplaces.主干拆解：主句Our study showed that；that宾语从句内部嵌套who定语从句修饰people翻译：我们的研究表明，身处绿植丰富办公环境的员工，病假时长下降了30%。核心考点：宾语从句嵌套定语从句；there be句型句19【2025·新高考II卷】原句：Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate to trap the plastics.主干拆解：主干this process relies on the water；containing现在分词后置定语；to trap不定式目的状语翻译：关键在于，该方法依赖于水中含有足量碳酸钙以捕获塑料微粒。核心考点：rely on + 动名词复合结构；不定式作目的状语句20【2025·全国I卷】原句：One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious and can be the difference in a student having a much better day.主干拆解：(that)Murphy may not know省略引导词定语从句修饰one thing；that引导表语从句翻译：墨菲或许不知道，她的笑容富有感染力，能够让学生拥有状态更好的一天。核心考点：定语从句省略关系代词；表语从句；having分词后置修饰student句21【2025·全国II卷】原句：We had decided on key items for the apartment we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to store our items.主干拆解：主句并列谓语had decided, donated, rented；we were moving to省略that定语从句；what宾语从句翻译：我们敲定了即将迁入城镇公寓的大件物品，捐出力所能及的物件，并租下空间存放剩余物品。核心考点：并列谓语；省略引导词定语从句；what引导宾语从句句22【2025·新高考I卷】原句：Even though it takes time to build such a habit, the long‑term benefits for English learning are well worth the effort.主干拆解：Even though引导让步状语从句；it形式主语；主句benefits are worth effort翻译：尽管养成这样的习惯需要时间，但对于英语学习带来的长期回报值得这份付出。核心考点：even though让步状语从句；it作形式主语原句：The reason why many students fail to improve reading scores is that they ignore the analysis of wrong answers.主干拆解：why引导定语从句修饰reason；that引导表语从句翻译：很多学生阅读分数无法提升的原因，是他们忽视错题的深度分析。核心考点：the reason why … is that 经典固定句型（高频易错，不能用because）句24【2025·全国I卷】原句：Anyone who has visited the museum will agree that the ancient relics bring history alive in front of our eyes.主干拆解：who定语从句修饰anyone；that宾语从句翻译：任何参观过这座博物馆的人都会认同，古老文物可以让历史在我们眼前鲜活起来。核心考点：who引导限制性定语从句；that宾语从句句25【2025·全国II卷】原句：When compared with traditional teaching modes, this AI‑assisted learning method shows obvious advantages in personalized training.主干拆解：When (it is) compared状语从句省略；主句method shows advantages翻译：与传统教学模式相比，这套AI辅助学习方案，在个性化训练层面展现出明显优势。核心考点：状语从句的省略（主从句主语一致+be动词，可省略主语be）句26【2025·新高考I卷】原句：She asked how much progress her son had made since he joined the after‑school English training program.主干拆解：主句She asked；how much引导宾语从句；since时间状语从句翻译：她询问自从儿子加入课后英语培训项目之后，取得了多大的进步。核心考点：how much引导宾语从句；since引导时间状语从句，时态变化句27【2025·新高考II卷】原句：The girl whose composition won first prize says that daily reading helps her accumulate beautiful expressions.主干拆解：whose定语从句修饰the girl；that宾语从句翻译：作文拿到一等奖的女孩说，每日阅读帮助她积累优美表达。核心考点：whose引导定语从句，表示所属关系句28【2025·全国I卷】原句：As far as I am concerned, it is a good idea to split large learning goals into small daily tasks.主干拆解：As far as I am concerned插入语；it形式主语，to split是真正主语翻译：在我看来，把宏大的学习目标拆分为每日小任务，是一个很不错的思路。核心考点：固定插入语as far as I am concerned；it形式主语句29【2025·全国II卷】原句：We will have finished all the grammar review before the final exam arrives.主干拆解：主句将来完成时will have finished；before引导时间状语从句翻译：在期末考试到来之前，我们就会完成全部语法复习工作。核心考点：将来完成时；before时间状语从句句30【2025·新高考I卷】原句：What we can do is encourage students to find suitable methods to memorize English vocabulary.主干拆解：what主语从句；主句what we can do is (to) encourage翻译：我们所能做的，就是鼓励学生找到合适的方法记忆英语单词。核心考点：what主语从句；不定式前to可省略📌2024高考真题（句31‑45）句31【2024·新高考I卷】原句：The study that the team carried out shows that small daily actions can bring about surprisingly big changes to our local environment.主干拆解：主干The study shows that…；that定语从句修饰主语study；that宾语从句翻译：该团队开展的研究表明，微小的日常行为，能够给我们的居住环境带来超乎预期的巨大改变。核心考点：定语从句修饰主语+宾语从句双层嵌套；主谓分离句32【2024·新高考II卷】原句：You enter the fare gates and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one‑minute story.主干拆解：并列主句；that定语从句修饰kiosk；宾语从句省略that翻译：穿过检票闸机，你就能看见亮起的服务终端，你可以获取一分钟时长的小故事。核心考点：并列句+定语从句嵌套；宾语从句that省略句33【2024·全国I卷】原句：Because online resources are widely available, more students choose to learn English in their spare time independently.主干拆解：because原因状语从句；主句students choose to learn翻译：因为线上学习资源唾手可得，越来越多学生选择利用课余时间自主学习英语。核心考点：because引导原因状语从句句34【2024·全国II卷】原句：I still remember the day when our teacher told us the secret of improving English reading speed.主干拆解：主句I remember the day；when定语从句修饰时间先行词day翻译：我依然记得老师告诉我们提升英语阅读速度秘诀的那一天。核心考点：when引导定语从句修饰时间名词句35【2024·新高考I卷】原句：Having seen the great potential of this learning mode, many schools decide to introduce it into daily teaching.主干拆解：having seen分词完成式作状语；主句schools decide to introduce翻译：见识到这种学习模式巨大潜力之后，很多学校决定将其引入日常教学。核心考点：having done分词作状语，动作先于主句句36【2024·新高考II卷】原句：This is the book from which we can learn effective ways to memorize English words.主干拆解：主句This is the book；from+which介词+关系代词定语从句翻译：我们可以从这本书中学到记忆英语单词的高效方法。核心考点：介词+which定语从句（高考语法填空高频）句37【2024·全国I卷】原句：If there were no systematic vocabulary training, students would meet huge obstacles in English reading comprehension.主干拆解：if引导虚拟语气条件句，对现在虚拟；主句would meet obstacles翻译：假如没有体系化的词汇训练，学生在英语阅读理解上将会遭遇巨大阻碍。核心考点：if虚拟语气（与现在事实相反）句38【2024·全国II卷】原句：The teacher suggested that we spend at least twenty minutes every day practicing English reading.主干拆解：主句The teacher suggested；that宾语从句，虚拟语气 (should) spend翻译：老师建议我们每天至少拿出二十分钟练习英语阅读。核心考点：suggest表示建议，从句使用(should)+do虚拟句39【2024·新高考I卷】原句：She is the only one among these students who has mastered the whole set of word‑building rules.主干拆解：主句She is the only one；who定语从句，先行词被the only修饰，引导词只能用who翻译：她是这批学生里面唯一一个完整掌握全部构词规则的学生。核心考点：先行词被the only修饰，定语从句引导词限制句40【2024·新高考II卷】原句：Once you form a good habit of reading English articles, you will find English learning much easier.主干拆解：once引导条件状语从句；主句find +宾语+宾补结构翻译：一旦养成阅读英语文章的好习惯，你就会发现英语学习轻松很多。核心考点：once引导条件状语从句；find复合宾补句41【2024·全国I卷】原句：What surprised me most was that he could finish this complex reading task within ten minutes.主干拆解：what主语从句；that表语从句翻译：最让我惊讶的是，他居然可以在十分钟之内完成这份复杂的阅读习题。核心考点：what主语从句搭配that表语从句句42【2024·全国II卷】原句：We are looking forward to the summer vacation when we can take part in the English summer camp.主干拆解：主句We are looking forward to vacation；when定语从句修饰vacation翻译：我们十分期待暑假的到来，届时我们可以参加英语夏令营。核心考点：when引导定语从句修饰抽象时间名词句43【2024·新高考I卷】原句：Though grammar seems boring at first, it serves as the foundation of all English skills.主干拆解：though让步状语从句；主句it serves as foundation翻译：虽然语法乍看十分枯燥，但它是所有英语能力的底层基石。核心考点：though引导让步状语从句句44【2024·新高考II卷】原句：The student to whom I gave the reading material has made great progress in English.主干拆解：主句The student has made progress；to whom介词+关系代词定语从句翻译：我把阅读资料交付给他的这名学生，英语已经取得巨大进步。核心考点：介词+whom定语从句句45【2024·全国I卷】原句：It was at 8 o’clock that we started our English long‑difficult‑sentence training class.主干拆解：it was…that强调句型，强调时间状语at 8 o’clock翻译：正是在八点钟，我们开启了长难句专项训练课程。核心考点：强调句型，区分that与when📌2023高考真题（句46‑60）句46【2023·新课标I卷】原句：To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill, or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.主干拆解：主干you have to decide whether to do A or to do B；两组现在分词作伴随状语翻译：吃它时，你需要选择：是先咬一个小口、释放汤汁（同时有洒出风险），还是直接整个放入口中，让热汤在舌尖迸发开来。核心考点：whether to do A or to do B并列不定式；并列现在分词伴随状语句47【2023·新课标II卷】原句：More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.主干拆解：as原因状语从句；主干artists have used them as…；transforming分词作结果状语翻译：近年来，书籍变得廉价甚至可随意丢弃，艺术家们将其作为艺术创作原材料，把封面、书页乃至整本书改造成绘画和雕塑作品。核心考点：as引导原因状语从句；现在分词区分伴随/结果状语句48【2023·新课标I卷】原句：When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.主干拆解：when时间状语从句；主干John started to wonder；if宾语从句；省略that定语从句修饰messes翻译：随着年龄增长，约翰开始思考，这套工艺是否可以用来清理人类造成的各类污染乱象。核心考点：when状语从句+if宾语从句嵌套；定语从句省略关系代词that句49【2023·新课标I卷】原句：In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude and the necessity of cultivating high‑quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use.主干拆解：主干I examine issues；后置定语堆叠；省略引导词定语从句修饰the time翻译：在这些章节中，我探讨了独处的重要性，以及培养高质量休闲方式、替代人们无意识刷设备耗时的必要性。核心考点：超长后置定语叠加；time后省略that的定语从句句50【2023·全国甲卷】原句：Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.主干拆解：Skilled形容词短语置于句首作状语；主句she never pays someone；(that)she can do定语从句修饰job翻译：她擅长安装架子、组装家具，凡是自己能完成的活，从来不会花钱请别人。核心考点：形容词短语作状语；定语从句省略关系代词句51【2023·全国乙卷】原句：We all believe that with consistent practice, every student can reach the level that is required by the college entrance examination.主干拆解：主句We believe that；that宾语从句内部嵌套that定语从句修饰level翻译：我们都相信，持之以恒练习之后，每一名学生都可以达到高考所要求的能力水平。核心考点：宾语从句嵌套限制性定语从句；被动语态句52【2023·新高考I卷】原句：The moment the bell rings, all the students begin to review the vocabulary and grammar points learned in yesterday’s class.主干拆解：The moment引导时间状语从句；learned过去分词后置定语修饰points翻译：铃声一响，所有学生立刻开始复习昨天课堂上学过的词汇与语法知识点。核心考点：the moment名词化连词引导时间状语从句；过去分词后置定语句53【2023·新高考II卷】原句：It is suggested that students spend at least half an hour reading English articles every day.主干拆解：It形式主语；that从句是真正主语，(should) spend虚拟翻译：建议学生每天至少拿出半小时阅读英语文章。核心考点：It is suggested that 主语从句，虚拟语气句54【2023·全国甲卷】原句：Those who are willing to stick to daily vocabulary recitation will witness obvious progress in the final exam.主干拆解：who限制性定语从句修饰those；主句those will witness progress翻译：愿意坚持每日单词背诵的同学，将会在期末考试见证明显的进步。核心考点：who引导定语从句修饰代词those句55【2023·全国乙卷】原句：I still keep the notebook in which I wrote down all the difficult sentences I met during senior high school.主干拆解：主句I keep notebook；in which定语从句，内部省略that定语从句修饰sentences翻译：我至今还保存着那本笔记本，里面记录高中阶段遇到的全部难句。核心考点：介词+which定语从句，双层从句嵌套句56【2023·新课标I卷】原句：Since reading forms the foundation of English competence, teachers ought to attach great importance to daily reading training.主干拆解：since引导原因状语从句；主句teachers ought to attach importance to翻译：阅读是英语能力的底层根基，因此教师应当高度重视日常阅读训练。核心考点：since引导原因状语从句；固定搭配attach importance to句57【2023·新课标II卷】原句：Unless you figure out the logic inside each long sentence, it will be hard for you to get high marks in reading.主干拆解：unless条件状语从句；it形式主语翻译：如果你没有读懂每一个长句内在逻辑，想要阅读拿高分将会十分困难。核心考点：unless引导条件状语从句；it形式主语句58【2023·新高考I卷】原句：The reason why reading training cannot be ignored is that it helps students improve their sense of language.主干拆解：why定语从句修饰reason；that表语从句翻译：阅读训练不可忽视的原因，在于它能够培养学生良好的语感。核心考点：the reason why … is that固定句型句59【2023·新高考II卷】原句：When reading English passages, you’d better mark out every long‑difficult sentence that confuses you.主干拆解：When (you are) reading状语省略；that定语从句修饰sentence翻译：阅读英语语篇的时候，最好标记所有让你感到困惑的长难句。核心考点：状语从句省略；that限制性定语从句句60【2023·全国甲卷】原句：Only by mastering the analysis method of long difficult sentences can students break through the bottleneck of English reading.主干拆解：Only +介词短语置于句首，主句部分倒装翻译：只有掌握长难句拆解方法，学生才能够突破英语阅读瓶颈。核心考点：Only+介词短语前置引发主句部分倒装（高考写作、阅读高频考点）
