2025考研英语二 Text 2 真题精读精讲

四季读书网 2026-10-31 10:26:14 13 0

摘要：本文对2025年考研英语二 Text 2 进行真题精读精讲。文章围绕英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）展开，涉及公立医疗模式过时、医护队伍压力、医院依赖、健康社会因素及地方医疗权责等内容。以下整理了英文原文、全文翻译、核心生词短语、长难句解析、题目逐题解析与文末小结，帮助考生在读懂原文的同时，理清命题思路和解题方法。

原文

When it was established, the National Health Service (NHS) was visionary: offering high-quality, timely care to meet the dominant needs of the population it served. Nearly 75 years on, with the UK facing very different health challenges, it is clear that the model is out of date.

From life expectancy to cancer and infant mortality rates, we are lagging behind many of our peers. With more than 6.8 million on waitlists, healthcare is becoming increasingly inaccessible for those who cannot opt to pay for private treatment; and the cost of providing healthcare is increasingly squeezing out investment in other public services. As demand for healthcare continues to grow, pressures on the workforce—which is already near breaking point—will only become more acute.

Many of the answers to the crisis in health and care are well rehearsed. We need to be much better at reducing and diverting demand on health services, rather than simply managing it. Much more needs to be invested in community and primary care to reduce our reliance on hospitals. And capacity in social care needs to be greater, to support the growing number of people living with long-term conditions.

Yet despite two decades of strategies and a number of major health reforms, we have failed to make meaningful progress on many of these aims. That is why the Reform think tank is launching a new programme of work entitled “Reimagining health”, supported by ten former health ministers. Together, we are calling for a much more open and honest conversation about the future of health in the UK, and an “urgent rethink” of the hospital-centric model we retain.

This must begin with the question of how we maximise the health of the nation, rather than “fix” the NHS. It is estimated, for example, that healthcare accounts for only about 20% of health outcomes. Much more important are the places we live, work and socialise—yet there is no clear cross-government strategy for improving these social determinants of health. Worse, when policies like the national obesity strategy are scrapped, taxpayers are left with the heavy price tag of treating the illnesses, like diabetes, that result.

Reform wants to ask how power and resources should be distributed in our health system. What health functions should remain at the centre, and what should be handed over to local leaders, those responsible for services that create health, and with a much better understanding of the needs of their populations?

全文翻译

英国国家医疗服务体系（NHS）建立之初极具前瞻性：它提供高质量、及时的医疗服务，满足服务人群最主要的健康需求。七十五年快过去了，英国如今面临截然不同的健康挑战，这套服务模式显然已经过时。

无论是预期寿命、癌症发病率还是婴儿死亡率，我们都落后于很多同等发展水平的国家。目前有超过680万人排队等候就诊，对于无法选择自费私立治疗的人来说，看病就医变得越来越难；医疗投入的不断增加，也持续挤占其他公共服务的资金。随着医疗需求持续上涨，本就濒临极限的医护人员，承担的压力只会越来越大。

应对这场医疗护理危机的很多办法，大家早已耳熟能详。我们要更好地减少、分流医疗需求，而不是单纯被动承接需求；需要加大对社区医疗、基层初级医疗的投入，降低对医院的依赖；同时还要扩充养老照护的服务能力，照料数量持续增长的慢性病患者。

然而，尽管二十年里出台多项方案、经历数次重大医疗改革，很多目标依旧没有取得实质性进展。这也是改革智库推出新项目《重新构想健康》的原因，该项目由十位前卫生部长共同支持。我们呼吁英国社会展开更坦诚开放的讨论，探讨国民健康的未来，并且紧急重新思考我们一直沿用的“以医院为核心”的医疗模式。

思考的起点，不该是如何“修补NHS”，而是如何最大化国民整体健康水平。据估算，医疗干预仅能影响大约20%的健康结果。居住、工作、社交环境这类因素，对健康的影响要大得多。但是，英国至今没有跨部门的统一策略，来改善这些影响健康的社会因素。更糟糕的是，一旦全国性的肥胖防控政策被取消，纳税人就要为糖尿病这类由此引发的疾病，承担高昂的治疗费用。

改革智库希望探讨：医疗体系里权力与资源该如何分配？哪些医疗职能应当由中央统筹管理，哪些又该交给地方负责人——这些人负责打造健康配套服务，也更了解本地民众的真实需求。

核心生词&短语（标注音标、释义）

1. visionary /ˈvɪʒənri/ adj. 有远见的；前瞻性的

2. dominant /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ adj. 主要的，占主导地位的

3. lag behind 落后于

4. mortality /mɔːˈtæləti/ n. 死亡率

5. waitlist /ˈweɪtlɪst/ n. 等候名单，排队名单

6. inaccessible /ˌɪnækˈsesəbl/ adj. 难以获取的，难以接触的

7. squeeze out 挤占，挤出

8. acute /əˈkjuːt/ adj. 严峻的，剧烈的

9. divert /daɪˈvɜːt/ v. 转移，分流

10. primary care 初级医疗，基层医疗

11. long-term conditions 慢性病

12. meaningful /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ adj. 有实质意义的

13. rethink /ˌriːˈθɪŋk/ n. 重新思考

14. hospital-centric /ˈhɒspɪtl ˈsentrɪk/ adj. 以医院为核心的

15. social determinants of health 健康的社会决定因素

16. distribute /dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/ v. 分配，分发

长难句解析

句子1：With more than 6.8 million on waitlists, healthcare is becoming increasingly inaccessible for those who cannot opt to pay for private treatment; and the cost of providing healthcare is increasingly squeezing out investment in other public services.

✅ 结构：with复合结构作状语 + 并列分句；who引导定语从句修饰those

✅ 翻译：目前有超过680万人排队等候就诊，对于无法选择自费私立治疗的人来说，看病就医变得越来越难；医疗投入的不断增加，也持续挤占其他公共服务的资金。

句子2：Much more important are the places we live, work and socialise—yet there is no clear cross-government strategy for improving these social determinants of health.

✅ 结构：倒装句，正常语序：the places… are much more important；we live…定语从句省略关系词；破折号引出转折

✅ 翻译：我们居住、工作、社交的环境对健康的影响要大得多，但是英国没有清晰的跨部门策略去改善这些健康的社会决定因素。

题目逐题解析

26. According to the first two paragraphs, the NHS is troubled by finding ______.

【答案】B

A. hardly satisfy people’s needs

B. can barely retain its current employees

C. is rivalled by private medical services

D. has to boost the efficiency of hospitals

✅解析：第二段末尾“pressures on the workforce—which is already near breaking point”，医护队伍压力濒临极限，对应很难留住现有医护人员。A错，原文不是满足不了需求，是排队久、资源不足；C私立医疗不是困扰NHS的核心；D提升医院效率前两段没有提到。

27. One answer to the crisis in health and care is to ______.

【答案】C

A. lighten the burden on social care

B. increase resources for primary care

C. reduce people’s reliance on hospitals

D. raise the efficiency of community services

✅解析：第三段“Much more needs to be invested in community and primary care to reduce our reliance on hospitals”，应对危机的办法是降低民众对医院的依赖。B是实现该目标的手段，不是最终的解决方向；A和原文相反，原文需要扩充养老照护能力；D文中没有提社区服务效率。

28. “Reimagining health” is aimed to ______.

【答案】C

A. reinforce hospital management

B. readjust healthcare regulations

C. restructure the health system

D. resume suspended health reform

✅解析：第四段这个项目呼吁重新思考以医院为中心的模式，本质是重构整个医疗体系。A强化医院管理和原文主旨相反；B调整法规无依据；D恢复暂停的改革，原文不是重启旧改革，是全新的思考。

29. To maximise the nation’s health, the author suggests ______.

【答案】B

A. introducing relevant taxation policies

B. paying due attention to social factors

C. revamping major health outcomes