第一部分 解题技巧
一、语法填空解题技巧
（一）题型特点
语法填空一般设 10 个空，分两类：有提示词的（约 7 空），要求写出所给单词的正确形式；无提示词的（约 3 空），要求填入 1 个恰当的单词。短文多为记叙文或说明文，词数 180—250，考查重点是动词的时态与语态、非谓语动词、词性转换、名词单复数、形容词副词的比较等级，以及冠词、介词、连词、代词的用法。
（二）解题四步
1．通读全文，抓大意与基调。先不看空格，快速读一遍，判断文章的时态主线（过去／现在）和文体，这决定了后面一半的答案。
2．逐空判断词性。看空格在句中充当什么成分：缺谓语就填动词，缺主语宾语就填名词或代词，修饰名词填形容词，修饰动词或整句填副词。
3．有提示词先变形，无提示词先定性。有提示词时按“词性＋语法功能”变形；无提示词时按“缺什么成分补什么词”判断。
4．回读检查。检查时态是否统一、主谓是否一致、单复数是否正确、大小写是否规范（句首单词、专有名词必须大写）。
（三）有提示词：按词性变形
1．提示词是动词（最高频）。先判断该空是不是句子的谓语。
作谓语时看三点：时态（依据时间状语和上下文，如 On 25 September 2017 用一般过去时，since… 用现在完成时）、语态（主语是动作的承受者就用被动：be＋过去分词）、主谓一致（主语第三人称单数，一般现在时动词加 -s）。
不作谓语时用非谓语：表目的、将来用 to do；主动进行、伴随、结果用 doing；被动或已完成用 done。判断标志是句中已有谓语动词，或空格前是介词、连词、形容词。
2．提示词是名词。看是否可数、是否要用复数（前面有 many、several、these 或表示“多款、多种”时用复数）；看是否需要变为形容词（修饰后面的名词）或其他词性。
3．提示词是形容词或副词。有 than、of the three 等比较范围时用比较级或最高级；修饰动词、形容词、整句时把形容词变副词（加 -ly，注意 true→truly、happy→happily 等拼写）。
4．提示词是人称代词。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词（my/your/his/their），作宾语且与主语同一人用反身代词（myself/himself）。
5．提示词是形容词且后接人。表示“使人……的”用 -ing（inspiring、surprising），表示“人感到……的”用 -ed（inspired、surprised）。
（四）无提示词：按成分补词
1．缺主语或宾语 → 代词（it、they、them、he、his）或名词。
2．名词前无限定词 → 冠词。泛指单数可数名词用 a/an（看后面单词的首音素：元音音素用 an）；特指前文提过的人或物用 the。
3．缺介词 → 依据固定搭配和语境。如 by hand（手工）、in a mess（一团乱）、continue with sth.、from（表示来源）。
4．两个句子之间 → 连词。并列或顺承用 and，转折用 but，选择用 or，时间用 when/before/after，条件用 if，让步用 though/although，原因用 because。
5．句首、后接完整句子 → 连词或副词。表示“如果”用 If；表示“然而、相反”用 However/Instead，注意其后加逗号。
6．助动词、情态动词之后 → 动词原形；否定句、疑问句中注意助动词与主语的搭配。
（五）常见失分点
① 只写词根、不变形式；② 动词不规则过去式拼错（shake→shook、write→wrote）；③ 被动语态漏掉 be 动词；④ 名词所有格漏撇号（river's、enemy's）；⑤ 形容词与副词混用；⑥ 句首单词未大写；⑦ 现在完成时漏掉 has/have。
二、六选五（阅读填空）解题技巧
（一）题型特点
从 A—F 六个选项中选出五个填入短文空白处，有一项多余。短文一般 250 词左右，以说明文、议论文为主，结构清晰，多按“总—分—总”或并列段落展开。设空位置通常在段首、段中、段尾，分别对应总起句、展开句、总结句。
（二）解题三步
1．先读选项，标注线索。圈出代词（it、they、this、these、them）、逻辑词（however、instead、besides、so、for example）以及反复出现的名词和同义词。
2．再读文章，判断位置。段首空多为总起句或过渡句，要与本段内容和上一段衔接；段中空多为承接上文、解释原因或补充细节的句子；段尾空多为总结句、举例句或升华句。
3．代入复核，排除多余项。把选出的句子放回原文，检查人称、时态、单复数、逻辑关系是否一致，最后确认剩下的一项确实与全文无关。
（三）五个高频线索
1．代词指代。选项中出现 it、they、this、these、them 时，上文必须有对应的单数或复数名词；反之，空前出现某个名词，后面往往用代词回指。
2．同义复现。选项中的词与上下文形成同义或反义照应，如选项里的 sand and small pieces of dirt 正好对应后文的 these things。
3．逻辑关系词。however/but 表转折，instead 表替代，besides/also 表递进，so/therefore 表结果，for example 表举例，答案往往就在这些词的“另一半”。
4．结构标志。First、Second、Third、On the one hand 等提示文章的并列层次，空缺处常需补出对应的序数或概括句。
5．首尾呼应。末段空缺多为总结或建议句，要与文章主旨一致；首段空缺多为引出话题的句子，要与标题呼应。
（四）答题提醒
先填最有把握的空，用排除法逐步缩小范围；每确定一项就在选项上做标记，避免重复选择；全部填完后通读全文，检查语意连贯、语法正确，最后核对答题卡上的字母是否与所选项一致。
第二部分 语法填空（5 篇）
阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
篇一 植物学家钟扬
文体：记叙文 ｜ 难度：中等 ｜ 考点：被动语态、冠词、副词、连词、非谓语动词、介词、物主代词、名词、主谓一致、形容词
On 25 September 2017, the scientific world ___1___ (shake) by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident. ___2___ well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds, devoting all his energy to protecting biological resources across the country.
Zhong Yang was born in 1964. When he was young, he ___3___ (actual) showed a deep love and curiosity for the things that he explored every day. He was an excellent student, entering university at the early age of 15. There, he became interested in plants, and he concentrated on botanical studies ___4___ he mastered plenty of professional knowledge. After becoming a professor at Fudan University, the study of plants, especially seeds, became the focus of his life. He often told his students that every seed carried the hope of nature and deserved careful protection.
In 2001, he began his travels across Xizang. It was very difficult for him ___5___ (brave) the cold weather and great heights. The tough natural environment and long journeys wore him out. He sometimes fell sick, but he always continued ___6___ his work unless he was too weak to stand.
He began a programme to find and train local students in field research to become scientists. Together, he and his team collected more than 40 million seeds from around 1,000 plants, which greatly enriched the global plant database. Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about ___7___ (it) native plant resources in China. Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge ___8___ (collect) of seeds. His love for his job and research ___9___ (live) on in his students. Liu Mei, one of his students, said that Professor Zhong was really an extraordinary and ___10___ (inspire) scientist. His perseverance and selfless dedication will always encourage us to stick to our dreams and keep moving forward.
【答案】1. was shaken 2. The 3. actually 4. and 5. to brave 6. with 7. its 8. collection 9. lives 10. inspiring
【导语】本文介绍中国植物学家钟扬的生平事迹及其对生物资源保护的贡献。
1． was shaken。主语 the scientific world 与 shake 之间是被动关系，时间状语 On 25 September 2017 表示过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。
2． The。空格后的 well-respected biologist 特指前文提到的钟扬教授，用定冠词 the，位于句首首字母大写。
3． actually。修饰动词 showed，用副词作状语，表示“实际上”。
4． and。空前“专注于植物学研究”与空后“掌握了大量专业知识”是顺承关系，用连词 and。
5． to brave。考查 It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 句型，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是不定式；brave 在此作动词，意为“勇敢面对”。
6． with。continue with sth. 为固定搭配，意为“继续某事”。
7． its。修饰名词短语 native plant resources，用形容词性物主代词，it 的形容词性物主代词是 its。
8． collection。形容词 huge 后接名词，且前面有 a，用单数名词 collection。
9． lives。主语 His love 为第三人称单数，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；live on 意为“继续存在、延续”。
10． inspiring。与 extraordinary 并列修饰名词 scientist，用形容词 inspiring，意为“鼓舞人心的”。
篇二 非遗“太平泥叫叫”
文体：说明文 ｜ 难度：中等 ｜ 考点：副词、动名词、冠词、形容词、介词、物主代词、被动语态、名词复数、现在完成时、不定式
About 20 years ago, Zhou Baokang noticed a small clay toy called taiping nijiaojiao at a temple fair in Huashan village, Zhejiang. As someone who loves folk art, he was ___1___ (complete) drawn to it. Today, the 63-year-old Zhou is an inheritor of this traditional art form and has spent years ___2___ (protect) and promoting it.
At first sight, taiping nijiaojiao looks like ___3___ ordinary clay toy. However, it can also be used as a whistle. This art form dates back more than 1,000 years to the Southern Dynasties (420-589). Many nijiaojiao pieces use traditional ___4___ (culture) elements that stand for good wishes, such as fish, animals and plum blossoms.
Anyone can learn to make taiping nijiaojiao. The most important step is shaping the clay ___5___ hand. Instead of using sketches, artists use ___6___ (they) fingers and imagination to turn a piece of clay into animals or plants. Simple tools like combs or spoons ___7___ (use) to make patterns, such as creating the lines of a fish tail. For coloring, different kinds of paint can be used.
Zhou especially enjoys making nijiaojiao in the shape of animals. Every year, he designs ___8___ (piece) based on the Chinese zodiac sign, using simple and eye-catching parts to show each animal's spirit. To pass on this skill, Zhou ___9___ (teach) children in schools for many years and opened a folk art museum. He also combines nijiaojiao with daily things like pen holders and tea sets ___10___ (help) this ancient art stay alive in modern life.
【答案】1. completely 2. protecting 3. an 4. cultural 5. by 6. their 7. are used 8. pieces 9. has taught 10. to help
【导语】本文介绍非遗“太平泥叫叫”，讲述传承人周宝康保护、传承这项千年民间泥塑技艺的经历。
1． completely。修饰动词 drawn，用副词，complete 的副词形式是 completely。
2． protecting。spend time doing sth. 为固定用法，表示“花费时间做某事”，用动名词。
3． an。ordinary 以元音音素开头，泛指一个普通泥玩具，用不定冠词 an。
4． cultural。修饰名词 elements，用形容词 cultural，意为“文化的”。
5． by。固定短语 by hand 意为“手工”，故填介词 by。
6． their。修饰名词 fingers，用形容词性物主代词 their。
7． are used。主语 tools 与 use 是被动关系，上下文为一般现在时，用一般现在时的被动语态。
8． pieces。piece 是可数名词，表示“多款作品”，无冠词限定，用复数。
9． has taught。for many years 是现在完成时的标志，主语 Zhou 为第三人称单数，用 has taught。
10． to help。作目的状语，表示“为了助力这项古老技艺在现代延续”，用动词不定式。
篇三 长江守护者
文体：记叙文（含说明） ｜ 难度：中等偏难 ｜ 考点：主谓一致、名词所有格、副词、现在进行时、物主代词、介词、定冠词、连词、被动语态、不定式
Every morning, 53-year-old Chen Ming walks 15 kilometres along the Yangtze River. As he ___1___ (do) so, he often stops to talk to the people picnicking beside the water or to watch the birds catch fish in the ___2___ (river) clear water. While one might think that he is just out for exercise, he is ___3___ (actual) working. Mr Chen is a "Guardian of the River". His job is to walk along the river and make sure that no one ___4___ (fish) in it or polluting it.
Mr Chen was not a "Guardian of the River" before. He grew up on the banks of the Yangtze River and used to be a fisherman, like ___5___ (he) father. Back then, parts of the river were smelly and yellow because of the waste ___6___ factories and homes. Fishermen were also catching too many fish. As a result, ___7___ number of fish and plants in the river was dropping quickly.
The government took action to deal with the problem ___8___ it was too late. New waste centres ___9___ (build) to clean the wastewater before it went into the river. Laws were made to stop new factories from being built near the river. Boats were sent out to clean up the rubbish. Finally, fishing was banned in the Yangtze River for 10 years from 2020. Mr Chen and other fishermen were given new jobs as guardians ___10___ (protect) the river.
【答案】1. does 2. river's 3. actually 4. is fishing 5. his 6. from 7. the 8. before 9. were built 10. to protect
【导语】本文主要介绍 53 岁的陈明从渔民转变为“长江守护者”的经历，以及长江生态保护的背景与措施。
1． does。描述习惯性动作，用一般现在时；主语是第三人称单数 he，用 does。
2． river's。表示“河流的清澈水域”，用名词所有格修饰 clear water。
3． actually。修饰动词 working，用副词作状语，actual 的副词形式为 actually。
4． is fishing。or 连接并列结构，空后 polluting 是现在分词，空处形式保持一致；主语 no one 为单数，用现在进行时 is fishing。
5． his。修饰名词 father，用形容词性物主代词 his。
6． from。表示垃圾的来源，缺少介词，from 意为“来自”。
7． the。the number of 意为“……的数量”，为固定搭配。
8． before。政府提前行动治理污染，表示“在……之前”，填连词 before。
9． were built。主语 New waste centres 与 build 是被动关系，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数。
10． to protect。作目的状语，表示担任护河员的目的，用动词不定式。
篇四 《孙子兵法》
文体：说明文 ｜ 难度：中等偏难 ｜ 考点：最高级、被动语态、不定式、冠词、物主代词、连词、副词、介词、名词所有格、现在完成时
The Art of War (Sunzi Bingfa) is a military book written by the Chinese strategist Sunzi (personal name Sun Wu). The book is the ___1___ (early) known one on war and military science. It ___2___ (divide) into 13 parts. Each one is about a different set of skills or military strategy, known in Chinese as bingfa.
It is hard ___3___ (know) exactly when The Art of War was written, but most experts think it must be written during the Spring and Autumn Period. Besides, experts cannot be sure about the details of the life of its writer, Sunzi, but they believe he was ___4___ general who was working for the State of Wu. It is clear that whatever ___5___ (he) life experiences were, Sunzi had a wealth of knowledge about war and strategy.
The starting point of The Art of War is that war should be avoided in the beginning. ___6___ a war cannot be avoided, it should be fought ___7___ (wise) to reduce harm and waste. For example, attack enemies where they are unprepared and appear where you are not expected, and then you are likely to win a speedy victory with little effort. The Art of War discusses much about preparation for war, ___8___ (include) having lucky weather conditions, geographic advantages and the unity of the people, studying the ___9___ (enemy) movements and weaknesses and training soldiers. At the same time, the book also suggests that military strategy should be changed to suit new conditions depending on the real situation on the war field.
The Art of War ___10___ (be) very popular since it first came out, influencing leaders all over the world.
【答案】1. earliest 2. is divided 3. to know 4. a 5. his 6. If 7. wisely 8. including 9. enemy's / enemies' 10. has been
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍中国古代军事著作《孙子兵法》的作者、内容、核心思想及其对世界的深远影响。
1． earliest。空前有定冠词 the，表示“已知最早的”，用形容词最高级。
2． is divided。主语 It 指代这本书，与 divide 是被动关系，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数。
3． to know。考查 It is + adj. + to do sth. 句型，it 作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式。
4． a。泛指“一位将军”，general 以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a。
5． his。修饰名词短语 life experiences，用形容词性物主代词 his。
6． If。前后句为条件关系，意为“如果战争无法避免”，位于句首首字母大写。
7． wisely。修饰动词 fought，用副词形式 wisely。
8． including。表示“包括”，作介词用，后接名词短语。
9． enemy's / enemies'。修饰名词 movements and weaknesses，表示“敌人的”，用名词所有格；单数 enemy's 与复数 enemies' 均可。
10． has been。since it first came out 是现在完成时的标志，主语 The Art of War 为第三人称单数，用 has been。
篇五 一束杜鹃花
文体：记叙文 ｜ 难度：中等 ｜ 考点：过去进行时、介词、让步连词、定冠词、被动语态、反身代词、形容词、名词、不定式、副词
Right at the beginning of my day, I saw something that made me really sad. My six-year-old son, Nick, ___1___ (stand) by my favorite azalea bush when I got out of the room. The bush was already ___2___ a big mess. "Can I take them to school? They are so beautiful," he asked with some azaleas in his hand. ___3___ I felt unhappy, I said yes.
Later, I carefully pruned the ___4___ damaged bush and I really missed the lost beauty. The rest of my day ___5___ (fill) with endless housework. At about 3:00 p.m., I rushed to school to pick up Nick. The teacher told me she wanted to talk about Nick. I had got ___6___ (I) ready for bad news. However, her words made me really ___7___ (surprise).
"Do you know Nick brought some flowers to school today?" she began. I nodded.
The teacher then pointed to a girl who was drawing. She was a little shorter than my son. "Well," she continued. "Her parents got divorced a few days ago. She has been full of ___8___ (sad) since then. I did all I could ___9___ (make) her happy. But nothing works. This morning, I saw your son give her those pink azaleas and say, 'This is for you'."
At that moment, I was proud of what my son had done. His kindness ___10___ (deep) moved me. That evening, when my husband returned home, I picked a few azaleas and gave them to him. "This is for you," I said.
【答案】1. was standing 2. in 3. Though / Although 4. the 5. was filled 6. myself 7. surprised 8. sadness 9. to make 10. deeply
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者早晨发现儿子 Nick 折断了心爱的杜鹃花丛，起初感到难过；后来去学校接儿子时，老师告诉她 Nick 把花送给了一个因父母离婚而悲伤的小女孩，这一善举深深感动了作者。
1． was standing。when 引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，强调过去某一瞬间正在发生的动作；主语 Nick 为单数，用 was standing。
2． in。in a mess 为固定短语，意为“一团乱”。
3． Though / Although。“感到不开心”与“还是答应了”构成让步关系，位于句首首字母大写。
4． the。特指前文被儿子摘坏的那丛杜鹃花，用定冠词 the。
5． was filled。主语 The rest of my day 与 fill 是被动关系，上下文为一般过去时，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语视为单数。
6． myself。表示“让自己做好准备”，宾语与主语同一人，用反身代词。
7． surprised。make sb. + adj. 表示“使某人感到……”，修饰人用 -ed 形式的形容词。
8． sadness。of 后接名词，用 sad 的名词形式 sadness，意为“悲伤”。
9． to make。作目的状语，表示“做了能做的一切”是为了“让她开心”，用动词不定式。
10． deeply。修饰动词 moved，用副词 deeply，意为“深深地”。
第三部分 六选五（5 篇）
阅读短文，从短文后所给的 A—F 六个选项中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、结构完整，选项中有一项为多余项。
篇一 Colour Walk（颜色漫步）
文体：说明文 ｜ 难度：中等 ｜ 结构：总—分—总（引出活动—做法—原因—延伸—总结）
Colour Walk is very popular among young people around the world. This relaxing activity helps reduce stress and lift your mood.
___1___ You needn't prepare many things or go to a special place. Before going out, just pick one colour you like. Then take a walk outdoors and look for everything in that colour. For example, Anna felt very stressed before the final exams. She chose bright yellow and went for a walk. ___2___ This simple activity helped her relax and feel much better.
Why is Colour Walk so helpful? Walking itself is great for your body. It can improve sleep quality, increase your energy and help calm the mind. ___3___ If you keep thinking about problems while walking, you may feel tired in your mind. Colour Walk fixes it by giving your brain a clear and easy task. When you pay attention to looking for a certain colour, you will stop thinking about worries and stress. In this way, this walking helps you notice hidden beauty around and change your mood.
A colour walk is not only a kind of exercise, but also connects you with nature. It's especially powerful when it's spring. In spring, there are many colourful things to discover. ___4___ With your ears and feelings, you can still enjoy the world by listening to nice sounds or feeling fresh air.
___5___ It is a fantastic way to rest both your mind and body in daily life.
A. There are no strict rules for Colour Walk.
B. So, walking every day is not always a good choice.
C. However, common walking does not always work well.
D. Next time you feel worried or tired, give Colour Walk a try!
E. She found yellow sunflowers, fresh lemons and cute little ducks.
F. If there aren't many colours nearby, you can use your other senses.
【答案】1. A 2. E 3. C 4. F 5. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍“颜色漫步”这一活动的规则、益处与具体做法，鼓励人们通过该活动放松身心、发现身边的美好。
1． A。下文说明“颜色漫步”不需要准备很多东西、不用前往特殊场地，规则简单自由，A 项“There are no strict rules for Colour Walk.”正好总起下文。
2． E。上文提到 Anna 选择亮黄色去散步，E 项“她找到了黄色的向日葵、新鲜的柠檬和可爱的小鸭子”承接上文，是具体例证。
3． C。上文说步行本身对身体有益，下文指出步行时若一直思考问题，大脑仍会疲惫，C 项“然而，普通的步行并不总是有效”在此转折过渡。
4． F。下文提到可以用耳朵和其他感官感受世界，F 项“如果附近颜色不多，你可以动用其他感官”与之照应。
5． D。此处为文章结尾，D 项“下次你感到焦虑或疲惫时，试试颜色漫步吧！”是总结性建议，呼应结尾观点。
篇二 Shanxi（山西的历史文化）
文体：说明文 ｜ 难度：中等 ｜ 结构：总—分—总（三个并列层次：First / Second / Third）
Shanxi, located in northern China, is a province with a long history and rich culture. It plays an important role in Chinese history and culture. ___1___
First, Shanxi has given birth to many great historical people. As we learn from Chinese textbooks, Liu Zongyuan from Yongji is a famous writer of the Tang Dynasty, one of the Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song dynasties. Sima Guang from Xiaxian is a great historian of the Northern Song Dynasty. He spent 19 years writing the classic history book Zizhi Tongjian. ___2___ All of them make Shanxi a famous place in China.
Second, many Chinese stories come from Shanxi. For example, Breaking the Vat to Save a Friend is a story about Sima Guang who helped to save a friend when he was young. ___3___ Jingwei Fills the Sea is another example, telling us to keep trying and never give up. These stories are widely used in our daily life and become an important part of Chinese language.
___4___ It is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. Its ancient buildings and folk customs have been passed down for thousands of years. Many traditional cultures from Shanxi spread all over China, shaping the characters of Chinese people, such as being hard-working and honest. ___5___
In a word, Shanxi is a province worth visiting and learning about. Its rich culture will always shine in Chinese history.
A. It's quite an important place.
B. Now let's read to learn about it!
C. There are also many others like them.
D. Third, Shanxi has a deep cultural influence.
E. Shanxi greatly pushes the development of Chinese civilization.
F. This story teaches us to be calm and smart when facing problems.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. F 4. D 5. E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕山西丰富的历史文化展开，从历史名人、经典典故、文化影响力三个方面介绍山西的特色与价值。
1． B。空前介绍山西历史悠久、地位重要，后文用 First、Second 分层展开，B 项“现在让我们读一读来了解它吧！”承上启下，引出下文的分层介绍。
2． C。本段列举柳宗元、司马光两位历史名人，空后“All of them”指代一众名人，C 项“还有很多像他们一样的人”与之呼应。
3． F。前文举《司马光砸缸》的例子，空后介绍《精卫填海》，F 项“这个故事教我们面对问题时要冷静机智”承接上一个故事并说明其寓意。
4． D。前两段分别以 First、Second 开头，本段讲述文化影响，D 项用 Third 开启第三点，总起本段内容。
5． E。本段围绕山西对中华文明的影响展开，E 项“山西极大地推动了中国文明的发展”是对本段的升华与总结。
篇三 Sandstorms（沙尘暴）
文体：说明文 ｜ 难度：中等 ｜ 结构：定义—成因—发生地区—危害
Do you know about sandstorms? What are they, and why are they dangerous? Let's find out.
___1___ Many bad weather events have strong winds, but sandstorms are different. ___2___ Then, the wind moves these things through the air over a long distance.
Sandstorms do not happen everywhere. They mainly happen in dry areas that have a lot of loose and soft sand, like deserts. ___3___ The length of a sandstorm mainly depends on two things: how strong the wind is and how much sand is in the area.
If a sandstorm is very strong, it can cause damage. The fast-moving sand can hit buildings, cars, and people's skin. It can take paint off cars and hurt plants. One big sign of a sandstorm is that it becomes hard to see. ___4___ If you can't see well, it becomes very unsafe to walk or drive because you can't notice dangers on the road. ___5___ In some cases, sandstorms can cut off phone and Internet connections, making it harder for people to stay connected.
A. A sandstorm is a weather event.
B. Sandstorms can be predicted exactly.
C. The sand in the air covers the sunlight, making the sky dark.
D. In a sandstorm, the wind carries sand and small pieces of dirt.
E. Sand can also get inside machines, causing them to stop working.
F. A sandstorm might last only a few minutes or continue for many hours.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. F 4. C 5. E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍沙尘暴的定义、形成过程、发生地点、持续时间及其带来的危害。
1． A。前文提出“沙尘暴是什么、为什么危险”的问题，A 项“沙尘暴是一种天气现象”开篇定义，承接问题、开启下文。
2． D。后文关键词“Then, the wind moves these things…”，D 项中的 sand and small pieces of dirt 正好对应 these things。
3． F。后文介绍沙尘暴时长由风力与沙量决定，F 项“沙尘暴可能只持续几分钟，也可能延续数小时”围绕持续时间展开，引出下文两大因素。
4． C。前文说沙尘暴的一大标志是能见度变差，C 项“空气中的沙尘遮挡阳光，天空变暗”解释了视线变差的原因。
5． E。前后文都在罗列危害（伤建筑车辆、阻碍出行、中断通讯），E 项“沙尘还会钻进机器内部，导致设备停机”补充另一项危害，并列衔接后文。
篇四 Misunderstandings（日常误解）
文体：议论文 ｜ 难度：中等偏难 ｜ 结构：现象—原因—解决办法—升华
Misunderstandings are common in daily life. For example, your classmate thinks you left out their message because you didn't reply right away. However, you were just busy with your homework and exam review. Or just one of your jokes makes them sad. ___1___ Even in group projects, unclear tasks may make them think you don't want to do your part. These small problems, if not solved in time, will harm your relationship.
Most misunderstandings come from poor communication or judging others too quickly. ___2___ We seldom have time to explain ourselves clearly. Sometimes we judge what others do without knowing the whole truth. For example, if you forget to return a borrowed notebook on time, your classmate may think you don't care about their things. But they don't know the notebook was left at home by accident. ___3___
It's not hard to fix such misunderstandings, and the key is to communicate with care. If you find your classmate keeping away from you, don't guess or be angry. ___4___ Explain what happened, not just say "sorry". When your classmate talks, listen carefully, look at them and don't cut in. Also, don't think the worst of others — believe their mistakes are just accidents, not on purpose.
___5___ They are chances to make your friendship stronger. With open and kind communication, small fights can become warm connections, and our school life will be more pleasant.
A. Don't be afraid of misunderstandings.
B. Students are always busy with studies.
C. Actually, you had no bad thoughts at all.
D. Some students are too shy to speak in public.
E. We often misunderstand each other in this way.
F. Find a time to talk face to face, not just send a message.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. E 4. F 5. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论日常生活中的常见误解及其产生原因，并建议通过善意沟通解决误解、让友谊更加牢固。
1． C。上文说“你的一个玩笑让他们难过”，此处需澄清玩笑背后的真实意图，C 项“实际上你根本没有坏想法”符合语境。
2． B。下文“我们很少有时间清楚解释自己”，B 项“学生们总是忙于学习”正是造成“没时间解释”的原因，构成因果。
3． E。本段用“忘记还笔记本”的例子说明因不了解真相而产生误解，E 项“我们经常这样误解彼此”是对本段的总结。
4． F。上文建议“不要猜测或生气”，下文建议“解释发生了什么”，F 项“找个时间面对面谈一谈，而不只是发消息”承上启下，是具体做法。
5． A。下文“它们是加强友谊的机会”说明误解也有积极作用，A 项“不要害怕误解”引出下文的积极看法，契合结尾升华。
篇五 Self-confidence（自信是练出来的）
文体：说明文 ｜ 难度：中等 ｜ 结构：提出观点—方法（行动／自我对话／看待失败／交友）—总结
Have you ever heard someone say, "I'm just not a confident person. I can never change"? ___1___ Self-confidence is a skill you can develop through practice.
One of the best ways to build confidence is to take action even when you feel afraid. ___2___ But waiting often means waiting forever. Confidence comes from doing, not from waiting. Pay attention to your inner voice. If you always talk negatively to yourself, it will stop you from getting better. When you think this way, stop and ask: Is that true? Then try to think in a better way. For example, tell yourself, "___3___"
How you act when you fail is also important. If you are not confident, you may think mistakes mean you are not good enough. ___4___ They learn from it. So next time when you fail, ask yourself: What can I learn from this?
___5___ If you stay with people who believe in you, hard times become easier. But if people around you often tell you that you are not good enough, it can make you feel less confident.
Building confidence is like growing a plant. You can't just water it once and stop. You have to keep trying. Each step makes you stronger for the next challenge.
A. The people around you affect how you see yourself.
B. Being born into a rich family helps build confidence.
C. Many people wait until they feel ready.
D. This may be hard, but I can learn it with practice.
E. But confident people see failure differently.
F. This idea is not true.
【答案】1. F 2. C 3. D 4. E 5. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍建立自信的方法：采取行动、调整自我对话、正确看待失败、选择积极的人群。
1． F。前文提到有人认为“自己天生不自信、无法改变”，后文指出自信可以通过练习培养，F 项“这种想法是不对的”起到纠正作用。
2． C。后文出现转折“但等待往往意味着永远等待”，说明此处提到“等待”，C 项“很多人一直等到自己觉得准备好了”与后文 waiting 呼应。
3． D。前文要求用更好的方式对自己说话，此处需一句积极的自我暗示，D 项“这可能很难，但我可以通过练习学会”符合语境。
4． E。前文说不自信的人认为犯错说明自己不够好，后文说“他们从中学习”，此处需转折引出自信者的不同看法，E 项“但自信的人对失败的看法不同”正好过渡。
5． A。后文讲“和相信你的人在一起会更容易，和打击你的人在一起会更不自信”，A 项“你身边的人会影响你对自己的看法”总领本段。
