21. 【2021 全国甲卷 阅读】
【原句】The study shows that where you live can shape your living habits and personal characters which will stay with you for a lifetime.
【主干】The study shows that where you live can shape your living habits and personal characters.
【分层】that 宾从；where you live 主语从句；which...lifetime 定从修饰 habits and characters。
【翻译】研究表明，居住地能塑造伴随你终生的生活习惯与性格。
【考点】宾从内嵌主语从句+ 定从。
22. 【2020 全国 III 卷 阅读】
【原句】The project, designed to reduce loneliness, offers elderly people a chance to enjoy a meaningful daily life which they would otherwise be denied.
【主干】The project offers elderly people a chance.
【分层】designed...loneliness 过去分词插入定语；to enjoy...life 不定代作 chance 定语；which...denied 定从修饰 life。
【翻译】这项旨在缓解孤独的项目给老人提供享受充实日常生活的机会，否则他们无法拥有。
【考点】分词定语+ 不定式定语 + 定从。
23. 【2019 全国 I 卷 阅读】
【原句】Popularity is a trap that many teenagers fall into, and it is one that can be hard to escape from once you are in it.
【主干】Popularity is a trap and it is one.
【分层】that...into 定从修饰 trap；that can be hard... 定从修饰 one；once 时间状从。
【翻译】受欢迎是个许多青少年会掉入的陷阱，一旦陷入便难以逃脱。
【考点】双定从+ once 状从。
24. 【2018 全国 II 卷 阅读】
【原句】The researchers who conducted the study explained that the participants who had been given a choice of tasks were more likely to choose the ones that they believed would make them look competent.
【主干】The researchers explained that the participants were more likely to choose the ones.
【分层】who conducted... 定从修饰 researchers；that 宾从；who had been given... 定从修饰 participants；that...competent 定从修饰 ones；they believed 插入。
【翻译】开展该研究的研究者解释，那些被给予任务选择权的参与者更可能选他们自认能显得胜任的任务。
【考点】多重定从连环（研究者→参与者→任务）。
25. 【2017 全国 I 卷 阅读】
【原句】The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000 in the quake which hit Sichuan Province in 2008.
【主干】The number of people reached more than 400,000.
【分层】who...injured 定从；which...2008 定从。
【翻译】在2008 年袭击四川的地震中，遇难或重伤人数超 40 万。
【考点】双定从（同2021 新高考经典句变体）。
26. 【2025 全国 I 卷 阅读 A】
【原句】As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions.
【主干】it faces particular problems with transportation.
【分层】As 时间状从；破折号后 which...emissions 非限定性定从修饰 transportation。
【翻译】当全球竞相脱碳时，交通成了特殊难题——它约占能源相关温室气体排放的四分之一。
【考点】As 状从 + 非限制定从。
27. 【2025 全国乙卷 阅读 D】
【原句】Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
【主干】it serves as a reminder.
【分层】两个that 引导并列同位语从句解释 reminder。
【翻译】但它提醒我们：可持续问题的解法多种多样，几乎任何食材都能做成美味佳肴。
【考点】并列同位语从句。
28. 【2024 全国甲卷 阅读】
【原句】The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process is a simple but effective method for households to reduce their intake of plastic particles.
【主干】The way is a simple but effective method.
【分层】they demonstrated 定从修饰 way（省略 that）；how...process 宾从；to reduce...particles 不定代修饰 method。
【翻译】他们展示微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被截留的方法，是家庭减少塑料颗粒摄入的简单有效方法。
【考点】省略关系词定从+ how 宾从 + 不定式定语。
29. 【2023 全国甲卷 阅读 C】
【原句】The plant, which grows in the Amazon rainforest, produces a chemical that scientists believe could help in the fight against malaria.
【主干】The plant produces a chemical.
【分层】which...rainforest 非限定性定从；that...malaria 定从修饰 chemical；scientists believe 插入。
【翻译】这种生长于亚马逊雨林的植物产生一种科学家认为有助抗疟的化学物质。
【考点】非限定+ 限定定从 + 插入语。
30. 【2022 新高考 II 卷 阅读】
【原句】The device, which was invented by a team of engineers at MIT, is capable of detecting tiny changes in air pressure that occur when a person speaks.
【主干】The device is capable of detecting tiny changes in air pressure.
【分层】which...MIT 非限定定从；that occur...speaks 定从修饰 changes；when...speaks 时间状从。
【翻译】该设备由MIT 工程师团队发明，能检测人说话时气压的微小变化。
【考点】非限定定从+ 定从 + 时间状从。
