应用文Passage 1 · 市立博物馆「世界遗产新貌」公益图片展暨周末导览通告

City Museum 'A New Face of World Heritage' Free Photo Exhibition & Weekend Tours — Notice · 基于联合国教科文组织第 48 届世界遗产大会（2026 年 7 月，韩国釜山）将 25 处新遗产地列入《世界遗产名录》（含中国「景德镇手工瓷业遗存」）的公开信息编写 · 城市 / 公共文化 · 人与社会

📌 导读：（模拟应用文，基于公开信息编写）市立博物馆于 11 月推出「世界遗产新貌」公益图片展，集中呈现 2026 年新列入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》的 25 处遗产地，其中包括中国景德镇手工瓷业遗存。通告列明展期、开放时间、周末定时导览、学生团体预约、家庭工作坊与参观守则，信息密集、条件明确，是典型应用文体，适合训练细节定位与简单推理。

🔤 生词表：heritage 遗产（World Heritage 世界遗产）　exhibition 展览、博览会（photo exhibition 图片展）　porcelain 瓷器（porcelain industry 制瓷业）　remains 遗址、遗存（industry remains 瓷业遗存）　guided 有向导的（guided tours 导览）　admission 入场、准入（Free admission 免费入场）　workshop 工作坊、研习班（Family workshop 家庭工作坊）　booking 预订、预约（no booking needed 无需预约）

📖 阅读短文（约 145 词）

WORLD HERITAGE, NEW FACES — Museum Notice (Issued 20 October) The City Museum invites visitors to a free photo exhibition, "A New Face of World Heritage," from 1 November to 30 November. The show presents 25 heritage sites added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2026, including Jingdezhen's porcelain industry remains in China. 1. Opening hours: 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Tuesday to Sunday; closed on Mondays. 2. Free guided tours: Every Saturday and Sunday at 10:30 a.m. and 2:30 p.m.; no booking needed for individuals. 3. School groups: Teachers must book at least one week ahead by phone or email; free entry for students. 4. Family workshop: Make a clay tile every Sunday 1:00 to 3:00 p.m. (materials provided, first 30 families). 5. Rules: Do not touch exhibits; photos allowed without flash; food and drink kept outside. Free admission. Tel: 1800 550 202.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. When is the exhibition open to visitors?

A. From 1 November to 30 November, Tuesday to Sunday　B. Only on Mondays, when the museum opens specially for the show　C. Every day in October, before the UNESCO list was announced　D. On 25 October, the day bookings open, rather than through November

细节理解 2. What must school groups do before visiting?

A. Pay a fee at the door although admission is free　B. Book at least one week ahead and enter for free　C. Arrive without notice and join any guided tour freely　D. Bring their own clay for the Sunday family workshop

推理判断 3. What is the main purpose of this notice?

A. To sell porcelain products made in Jingdezhen and other heritage goods　B. To warn visitors that the museum will close forever　C. To invite the public to a free heritage exhibition and tours　D. To explain how UNESCO chooses world heritage sites

记叙文Passage 2 · 洪流中的普通人：一名记者与一场生死救援

An ordinary man in the flood: a reporter and a life-saving rescue · 基于 Reuters 2026 年 10 月 22 日关于澳大利亚昆士兰 Morayfield 洪水中 ABC 记者 Will Murray 与路人合力救出被困司机的报道编写 · 澳大利亚昆士兰 / 社会助人 · 人与自我

📌 导读：（人物／探索故事，基于公开信息编写）澳大利亚昆士兰连日暴雨，小镇 Morayfield 单日降雨约 170 毫米。ABC 电视台记者 Will Murray 正在报道洪水时，一名司机驾车闯入洪水、车辆熄火下沉。Murray 与一名叫 Daniel 的路人游向车辆，在车被完全淹没前把司机拖出。事后 Murray 笑称自己「新闻学 101 分没及格」——忘了问对方姓名，却说那是他「人生中最美好的时刻之一」。故事讲普通人在危急时刻的善意、勇气与知足。

🔤 生词表：journalist 记者（television journalist 电视记者）　floodwaters 洪水、泛滥的河水（floodwaters 复数）　engulfed 吞没、淹没（engulfed by the rising water 被上涨的河水吞没）　bystander 旁观者、路人（local bystander 当地路人）　submerged 淹没的、沉入水下的（completely submerged 完全沉没）　rescue 救援、挽救（the rescue 这次救援）　distress 危难、困苦（distress calls 求救电话）　broadcaster 广播公司（public broadcaster 公共广播公司）

📖 阅读短文（约 147 词）

When heavy rain flooded the town of Morayfield in Queensland, Australia, a television journalist became an unexpected hero. Will Murray, a reporter with the public broadcaster ABC, was filming the rising water when a man drove a four-wheel drive into the floodwaters and the vehicle stalled and, engulfed by the rising water, began to sink. Murray and a local bystander named Daniel swam out and pulled the driver from the car just moments before it was completely submerged. "The pair of them definitely saved that man's life," a camera operator said. About 170 millimetres of rain had fallen that day, and emergency services answered hundreds of distress calls. Murray later said he "failed journalism 101" because he forgot to get the man's name, but called the rescue "one of the best moments of my life." For him, the relief of seeing a stranger safe was reward enough.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. How did Murray and Daniel save the trapped driver?

A. By calling emergency services on the phone from the river bank　B. By lifting the four-wheel drive out of the water with help　C. By waiting on the road until the floodwaters went down by themselves　D. By swimming out and pulling him from the sinking car

推理判断 2. What can be inferred about Murray's feeling after the rescue?

A. He felt deep relief and considered it a meaningful experience　B. He regretted risking his life and wished he had stayed away　C. He was upset that the car was completely submerged in the water　D. He planned to leave journalism for a safer job

主旨大意 3. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How the small town of Morayfield was flooded by the heavy rain that day　B. A journalist and a bystander rescuing a stranger from floods　C. The daily work of a television camera operator　D. Why four-wheel drives are dangerous on the road

词义猜测 4. The word "submerged" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

A. repaired and made new　B. driven away quickly　C. covered completely by water　D. lifted high above the ground

说明文Passage 3 · 百年疑云散去：邦加懒猴在印尼「重现」

A century of doubt ends: the Bangka slow loris rediscovered in Indonesia · Reuters，2026 年 10 月 20 日（研究人员在印尼邦加岛重新发现被认为自 1930 年代已灭绝的濒危懒猴 Nycticebus bancanus，研究发表于 Spixiana） · 印尼邦加岛 / 灵长类保护 · 人与自然

📌 导读：邦加懒猴是一种体型小、大眼睛、红棕色毛发的夜行性灵长类，自 1930 年代后被认为已灭绝。2026 年 10 月 20 日 Reuters 报道，印尼一家保育机构 2015–2025 年间在邦加岛记录到 90 多只，其中 86 只在康复后被放归野外。它是哺乳动物中罕见的「有毒」物种——从肘部腺体分泌毒液，可致人类严重过敏。其栖息地因锡矿与油棕种植园而萎缩。说明文客观陈述这一「失而复得」的发现及其启示。

🔤 生词表：primate 灵长类动物（nocturnal primate 夜行性灵长类）　rediscovered 重新发现（rediscovered 过去分词）　venomous 有毒的（venomous creature 有毒动物）　conservation 保护、保育（conservation group 保育机构）　habitat 栖息地（Its habitat has shrunk 栖息地萎缩）　extinct 灭绝的（feared extinct 恐已灭绝）　released 释放、放归（released back into the wild 放归野外）　secretion 分泌液、分泌物（a secretion from glands 腺体分泌物）

📖 阅读短文（约 163 词）

The Bangka slow loris, a small nocturnal primate with big eyes and reddish-brown fur, has been rediscovered on an Indonesian island after being feared extinct for nearly a century. Last documented in the 1930s, the venomous creature was thought to have vanished. Between 2015 and 2025, a local conservation group recorded more than 90 of the lorises across Bangka, off the coast of Sumatra. Most had been kept illegally as pets or rescued from gardens and roads; after recovery, 86 were released back into the wild. The species is listed as critically endangered. Its habitat has shrunk because of tin mining and palm oil plantations. Like other slow lorises, it is venomous - a rare trait among mammals - producing a secretion from glands near its elbows that can cause severe allergic reactions in humans. "The Bangka slow loris is still alive," a researcher said, calling the find a sign of hope that other "lost" species may survive where scientists have not looked.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What makes the rediscovery of the Bangka slow loris special?

A. It is the largest and rarest primate species ever found in Indonesia　B. It proves the island has no palm oil plantations left　C. It was thought extinct for decades yet more than 90 were found　D. It was named after the researcher who first found it

词义猜测 2. The word "venomous" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

A. able to move very fast　B. living only at night　C. covered with red-brown fur from head to toe　D. producing poison harmful to others

推理判断 3. What can be inferred about the threats to the species?

A. Human activities like mining and plantations destroyed its habitat　B. Climate change has made the island far too cold and wet for the lorises　C. Other primates killed all the lorises left in the wild　D. The government banned the lorises from the wild

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How slow lorises use their rare venomous secretion to defend themselves　B. The rediscovery of a feared-extinct primate in Indonesia　C. The history of tin mining in Sumatra　D. Why palm oil is popular around the world

说明文Passage 4 · 转型中的世界经济：IRENA 2026 展望

The world economy in transition: IRENA's 2026 outlook · 国际可再生能源署（IRENA）《2026 年世界能源转型展望》（World Energy Transitions Outlook 2026，2026 年 10 月 14–17 日发布） · 全球 / 能源与气候经济 · 人与社会

📌 导读：国际可再生能源署（IRENA）2026 年 10 月发布的《世界能源转型展望》指出：在将升温限制在 1.5°C 的情景下，到 2050 年全球经济每年可比现行政策多增长约 1.1%，累计收益约 47 万亿美元；可再生能源就业岗位可能增长五倍以上，到 2050 年达约 8400 万个（现仅略高于 1600 万）；终端电价到 2050 年或降约 15%。但转型需巨额投资——2026–2050 年年均约 10.3 万亿美元，且收益分配不均：依赖化石燃料的经济体将面临更艰难、更昂贵的转型。说明文客观陈述。

🔤 生词表：renewable 可再生的（Renewable Energy Agency 可再生能源署）　electrified 电气化的（electrified transport 电气化交通）　transition 转型、过渡（manage the transition 管理转型）　investment 投资（huge investment 巨额投资）　employment 就业、雇用（energy employment 能源就业）　cumulative 累积的、累计的（cumulative gains 累计收益）　fossil 化石的（fossil fuels 化石燃料）　competitiveness 竞争力（lifts competitiveness 提升竞争力）

📖 阅读短文（约 173 词）

Accelerating the shift to clean energy could reshape the global economy, according to a 2026 report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). Under a scenario that limits warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, the world economy would grow about 1.1% more each year than under current policies, bringing roughly 47 trillion dollars in cumulative gains by 2050. Renewable energy employment could more than quintuple, reaching about 84 million jobs by 2050 from a current base of just over 16 million. End-user electricity prices could fall by around 15% by 2050 as renewables grow cheaper. The change demands huge investment: about 10.3 trillion dollars a year on average between 2026 and 2050, mostly for power grids, renewable plants and electrified transport. IRENA warns the benefits will not be shared equally. Economies built on fossil fuels face a harder, costlier shift as those revenues and jobs decline, while countries with strong industry gain most from making clean equipment. The agency urges governments to manage the transition so it lifts competitiveness, public health and long-term prosperity.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What does IRENA's 2026 report say about jobs in clean energy?

A. Renewable-energy jobs will fall below 10 million by the year 2050　B. Renewable-energy jobs may exceed 80 million by 2050　C. All energy jobs will stay at 16 million forever　D. Only fossil-fuel workers will keep their jobs

推理判断 2. What can be inferred about the fairness of the energy transition?

A. Every single country in the world will share the gains from the shift equally　B. Fossil-fuel economies will gain the most from the shift　C. The benefits will be uneven and some economies face harder shifts　D. The report says governments should take no action at all

词义猜测 3. The word "cumulative" in "cumulative gains" is closest in meaning to ______.

A. added together over time　B. spent in a single year　C. borrowed from foreign banks　D. lost because of inflation

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Why fossil fuels still power the world　B. How to build new power grids in small villages across the country　C. The daily life of IRENA researchers　D. IRENA's 2026 outlook on the clean-energy transition

说明文Passage 5 · 深夜的手机，偷走青少年的睡眠

Late-night phones are stealing teenagers' sleep · JAMA Pediatrics，2026 年 10 月 19 日（研究：青少年深夜手机使用与睡眠的客观数据关联）；HealthDay 2026 年 10 月 21 日报道 · 美国 / 青少年健康 · 人与自我

📌 导读：一项发表于 JAMA Pediatrics（2026 年 10 月 19 日）的研究用可穿戴设备与手机追踪应用，收集 425 名平均近 15 岁青少年近 7600 个夜晚的客观数据。结果发现：在超过自己平均水平的深夜（晚 10 点后）用手机之夜，他们入睡晚一个多小时、少睡约 20 分钟；睡前 15 分钟内用手机则与更不安稳、碎片化的睡眠相关，且存在「剂量效应」。研究并未证明手机「导致」睡眠差，但专家指出减少晚间（尤其晚 10 点后）使用或有帮助——屏幕光线与刺激性应用让大脑在该放松时保持警觉。说明文客观陈述。

🔤 生词表：smartphone 智能手机（smartphone 复数）　bedtime 就寝时间（before bedtime 睡前）　restless 不安稳的、焦躁的（restless sleep 不安稳的睡眠）　fragmented 碎片化的、不连续的（fragmented sleep 碎片化睡眠）　objective 客观的（objective data 客观数据）　adolescents 青少年（adolescents 复数）　alert 警觉的、清醒的（keep the brain alert 让大脑保持警觉）　fundamental 基本的、根本的（Sleep is fundamental 睡眠是根本的）

📖 阅读短文（约 157 词）

Using a smartphone late at night steals sleep from teenagers, a new study finds. Researchers tracked 425 adolescents with an average age of nearly 15, using wearable devices and a phone-tracking app to gather nearly 7,600 nights of objective data. They found that on nights when teens used their phones more than their own average after 10 p.m., they fell asleep more than an hour later and slept about 20 minutes less. Phone use in the 15 minutes before bedtime was linked to more restless and fragmented sleep. There was a clear dose effect: each extra minute of late use pushed sleep later and shortened it further. The study does not prove that phones cause poor sleep, but experts say cutting evening use, especially after 10 p.m., may help. Light from screens and stimulating apps keep the brain alert when it should wind down. "Sleep is fundamental for how teenagers think, feel and learn," one expert said.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What did the study find about phone use after 10 p.m.?

A. It was linked to later sleep and about 20 minutes less rest　B. It helped teenagers fall asleep more than an hour earlier　C. It had no effect because the study used only wearable devices　D. It improved how teenagers learn at school

推理判断 2. What can be inferred about the study's conclusion?

A. The study proved beyond doubt that phones are the direct cause of bad sleep　B. Parents should punish teens by taking phones away　C. Only children under 10 are affected by screens　D. It shows a link but not proof of cause, so habits matter

词义猜测 3. The word "fragmented" in "fragmented sleep" is closest in meaning to ______.

A. deep, peaceful and completely unbroken all night　B. very short in total　C. broken into pieces; not continuous　D. easy to remember

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to design better smartphones for teenagers　B. A study on late-night phone use and teen sleep　C. The history of wearable sleep devices　D. Why teenagers should avoid all screens at school

议论文Passage 6 · 濒危物种法案之争：保护该怎样「升级」？

The fight over endangered-species law: how should protection be upgraded? · 基于美国参议院 2026 年 9 月 30 日提出、截至 10 月 5 日仍待审议的《改善物种恢复法》（Improving Species Recovery Act，参议员 Schiff 与 Ricketts 提出）的公开立法动态编写 · 美国 / 环境政策 · 人与自然

📌 导读：美国应在保护濒危物种的方式上做出改变吗？2026 年 9 月，两名参议员提出《改善物种恢复法》——一部仍待表决的法案。支持者称其为「以恢复为导向」的更新：设定清晰基准、每三年报告进展、向助力物种恢复的地主提供激励。批评者则不以为然：担心改动会削弱栖息地保护、压缩公民通过诉讼挑战有害项目的空间，主张「更快的审查不等于更强的保护」。双方目标一致——把物种从灭绝边缘拉回，只是路径不同。文章在呈现双方立场后保持平衡：恢复应被衡量，而非仅被承诺。设观点态度题。

🔤 生词表：legislation 立法、法律（a piece of legislation 一项立法）　recovery 恢复、复苏（Recovery Act 恢复法；recovery-focused 以恢复为导向）　habitat 栖息地（habitat protections 栖息地保护）　incentives 激励、奖励（offer incentives 提供激励）　landowners 土地所有者（landowners 复数）　benchmarks 基准、衡量标准（clear benchmarks 清晰基准）　endangered 濒危的（endangered species 濒危物种）　safeguards 保障措施、防护（without safeguards 缺乏保障）

📖 阅读短文（约 149 词）

Should the United States change how it protects endangered species? In September 2026, two senators introduced the Improving Species Recovery Act, a new piece of legislation still awaiting a vote. Supporters call it a recovery-focused update: it would set clear benchmarks, require reports on progress every three years, and offer incentives to landowners who help species rebound. Critics are not convinced. Some worry the changes could weaken habitat protections and reduce citizens' ability to challenge harmful projects in court. They argue that faster review is not the same as stronger protection, and that the law must not become a shortcut that lets development win. Both sides agree the goal is the same - bring species back from the brink. But they disagree on the road. "Recovery should be measured, not just promised," one supporter said, while a critic warned that "speed without safeguards is a risk we cannot afford."

📝 题目

推理判断 1. What can be inferred about the supporters' view of the bill?

A. They want to drop all endangered species from the law　B. They believe the new bill will weaken habitat protections　C. They think courts should block every new project　D. They see the bill as a practical way to aid recovery

观点态度 2. What is the author's attitude toward the bill?

A. Strongly against it, calling it useless　B. Completely in favour of the new law, ignoring all criticism, doubt and opposing views　C. Balanced, noting both the recovery aim and the safeguard worry　D. Indifferent, showing no clear position

细节理解 3. What would the bill require, according to the passage?

A. A complete ban on all landowner activities, even those that help species　B. Progress reports every three years and clear benchmarks　C. Immediate removal of every endangered habitat　D. An end to all court cases about the law

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. A debate over a new U.S. endangered-species bill　B. How someone becomes one of the senators who introduced the law　C. The daily work of wildlife protection courts　D. Why endangered species no longer need help

📑 参考答案与解析

Passage 1 · 市立博物馆「世界遗产新貌」公益图片展暨周末导览通告

1. 答案：A　细节理解题。由「from 1 November to 30 November」及「Tuesday to Sunday; closed on Mondays」可知展览于 11 月 1 日至 30 日、周二至周日开放（周一闭馆），故选 A。B 把周一闭馆说成仅周一开放（条件偷换）；C 把 11 月展期说成 10 月每日（时态阶段混淆）；D 把预约／开展说成单日 25 日（偷换概念）。

定位：from 1 November to 30 November ... Tuesday to Sunday; closed on Mondays

2. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「Teachers must book at least one week ahead ... free entry for students」可知学生团体须提前至少一周预约、学生免费入场，故选 B。A 须在门口缴费（原文免费、在线／电话预约，偷换概念）；C 无需预约直接参加（原文须提前预约，条件偷换）；D 自备陶土参加家庭工作坊（原文材料由馆方提供、且工作坊面向家庭非团体，张冠李戴）。

定位：Teachers must book at least one week ahead by phone or email; free entry for students.

3. 答案：C　推理判断题。由「The City Museum invites visitors to a free photo exhibition」可知通告意在邀请公众参观免费的遗产图片展与导览，故选 C。A 售卖瓷器（原文为展览而非售卖，偷换概念）；B 警示永久闭馆（与通告目的无关，答非所问）；D 解释遴选机制（与目的无关，答非所问）。

定位：The City Museum invites visitors to a free photo exhibition

Passage 2 · 洪流中的普通人：一名记者与一场生死救援

1. 答案：D　细节理解题。由「Murray and a local bystander named Daniel swam out and pulled the driver from the car just moments before it was completely submerged」可知二人游向车辆、把司机从下沉的车中拖出，故选 D。A 在岸上打电话叫救援（原文是亲自下水救人，张冠李戴）；B 把车抬出水面（原文车已下沉无法抬出，偷换概念）；C 等洪水自行退去（原文当时即下水救援，时态阶段混淆）。

定位：Murray and a local bystander named Daniel swam out and pulled the driver from the car just moments before it was completely submerged.

2. 答案：A　推理判断题。由「called the rescue 'one of the best moments of my life' ... the relief of seeing a stranger safe was reward enough」可推知 Murray 深感宽慰、视这次救援为有意义的人生经历，故选 A。B 后悔冒险、希望置身事外（原文未提且态度相反，张冠李戴）；C 因车被淹没而恼怒（原文用 submerged 描述险情而非表达恼怒，部分真实关键篡改）；D 打算转行（原文未提及，张冠李戴）。

定位：called the rescue "one of the best moments of my life." For him, the relief of seeing a stranger safe was reward enough.

3. 答案：B　主旨大意题。全文围绕记者 Murray 与路人 Daniel 在洪水中救出陌生司机的事件展开，故选 B。A 小镇如何被淹（背景而非主旨，答非所问）；C 摄像师日常工作（无关，答非所问）；D 四驱车为何危险（无关，答非所问）。

定位：a television journalist became an unexpected hero.

4. 答案：C　词义猜测题。由「pulled the driver from the car just moments before it was completely submerged」可知车在完全被水「淹没」前司机被拖出，submerged 意为「被水完全覆盖、沉没」，故选 C。A 修复翻新、B 迅速驶离、D 被高高抬起均不符文意。

定位：pulled the driver from the car just moments before it was completely submerged.

Passage 3 · 百年疑云散去：邦加懒猴在印尼「重现」

1. 答案：C　细节理解题。由「feared extinct for nearly a century」及「recorded more than 90 of the lorises」可知邦加懒猴被认为灭绝近百年、却重新发现 90 多只，故选 C。A 说它是印尼最大灵长类（原文未提体型，扩大范围）；B 说该岛已无油棕种植园（原文恰恰说油棕导致其栖息地萎缩，部分真实关键篡改）；D 说以发现者命名（原文未以人命名，张冠李戴）。

定位：feared extinct for nearly a century ... recorded more than 90 of the lorises

2. 答案：D　词义猜测题。由「producing a secretion from glands near its elbows that can cause severe allergic reactions in humans」可知 venomous 指「能产生毒液、对他人有害的」，故选 D。A 行动迅速、B 仅夜间活动、C 红棕毛皮均不符文意（B 是另一特征 nocturnal，属偷换概念）。

定位：the venomous creature ... producing a secretion from glands near its elbows that can cause severe allergic reactions in humans.

3. 答案：A　推理判断题。由「Its habitat has shrunk because of tin mining and palm oil plantations」可推知锡矿与油棕种植园等人为活动破坏了其栖息地，故选 A。B 说气候变冷所致（原文未提，把栖息地破坏的真正人为原因偷换成气候，偷换概念）；C 说其他灵长类捕杀殆尽（原文未提，张冠李戴）；D 说政府禁止懒猴进入森林（原文未提禁令，张冠李戴）。

定位：Its habitat has shrunk because of tin mining and palm oil plantations.

4. 答案：B　主旨大意题。全文介绍被认为灭绝近百年、却在印尼邦加岛重新发现的懒猴及这一「失而复得」的启示，故选 B。A 懒猴如何使用毒液（细节而非主旨，答非所问）；C 苏门答腊采矿史（无关，答非所问）；D 棕榈油为何流行（无关，答非所问）。

定位：The Bangka slow loris ... has been rediscovered ... after being feared extinct

Passage 4 · 转型中的世界经济：IRENA 2026 展望

1. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「Renewable energy employment could more than quintuple, reaching about 84 million jobs by 2050 from a current base of just over 16 million」可知可再生能源岗位到 2050 年可能超过 8000 万，故选 B。A 说将跌破 1000 万（原文是增长，程度失当）；C 说所有能源岗位永久锁定 1600 万（原文 1600 万是基数且会变化，部分真实关键篡改）；D 说仅化石工人保住岗位（原文指可再生能源岗位大增，缩小范围）。

定位：Renewable energy employment could more than quintuple, reaching about 84 million jobs by 2050 from a current base of just over 16 million.

2. 答案：C　推理判断题。由「IRENA warns the benefits will not be shared equally. Economies built on fossil fuels face a harder, costlier shift」可推知转型收益不均、部分经济体将面临更艰难的转型，故选 C。A 说各国等额获益（原文明确说不会均等，部分真实关键篡改）；B 说化石经济体获益最多（原文恰恰说它们受损最大，因果倒置）；D 说报告主张政府不作为（原文呼吁政府主动管理转型，张冠李戴）。

定位：IRENA warns the benefits will not be shared equally. Economies built on fossil fuels face a harder, costlier shift

3. 答案：A　词义猜测题。由「bringing roughly 47 trillion dollars in cumulative gains by 2050」可知 cumulative gains 指到 2050 年「逐年累加」的收益，cumulative 意为「累积的、累计的」，故选 A。B 单年花掉、C 向外借款、D 因通胀损失均不符文意。

定位：bringing roughly 47 trillion dollars in cumulative gains by 2050

4. 答案：D　主旨大意题。全文介绍 IRENA《2026 年世界能源转型展望》关于清洁能源转型的经济与就业判断，故选 D。A 化石燃料为何仍主导世界（细节而非主旨，答非所问）；B 如何给小村庄建电网（无关细节，答非所问）；C 研究人员日常（无关，答非所问）。

定位：Accelerating the shift to clean energy could reshape the global economy, according to a 2026 report by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).

Passage 5 · 深夜的手机，偷走青少年的睡眠

1. 答案：A　细节理解题。由「on nights when teens used their phones ... after 10 p.m., they fell asleep more than an hour later and slept about 20 minutes less」可知晚 10 点后多用手机与更晚入睡、少睡约 20 分钟相关，故选 A。B 说帮助提前一个多小时入睡（与原文相反，因果倒置）；C 说因仅用可穿戴设备而无影响（原文确有可穿戴数据且得出明确关联，部分真实关键篡改）；D 说直接提升在校学习（原文仅说睡眠关乎学习、并未证明手机提升，偷换概念）。

定位：on nights when teens used their phones more than their own average after 10 p.m., they fell asleep more than an hour later and slept about 20 minutes less.

2. 答案：D　推理判断题。由「The study does not prove that phones cause poor sleep, but experts say cutting evening use ... may help」可推知研究仅显示关联、并未证明因果，故调整习惯（减少晚间使用）才有意义，故选 D。A 说证明手机是直接原因（原文明确说未证明因果，程度失当）；B 说家长应没收手机惩罚（原文专家反对惩罚、主张保护睡眠，张冠李戴）；C 说仅 10 岁以下受影响（原文对象是青少年，缩小范围）。

定位：The study does not prove that phones cause poor sleep, but experts say cutting evening use, especially after 10 p.m., may help.

3. 答案：C　词义猜测题。由「more restless and fragmented sleep」及前文睡前用手机与「不安稳、被打断的睡眠」相关，可知 fragmented sleep 指「被切碎的、不连续的睡眠」，故选 C。A 深沉平静、B 总量很短、D 易于记忆均不符文意。

定位：more restless and fragmented sleep

4. 答案：B　主旨大意题。全文介绍一项关于青少年深夜手机使用与睡眠关联的研究，故选 B。A 如何设计更好的手机（无关，答非所问）；C 可穿戴睡眠设备史（无关细节，答非所问）；D 青少年在校应避开一切屏幕（无关且与文意相去甚远，答非所问）。

定位：Using a smartphone late at night steals sleep from teenagers, a new study finds.

Passage 6 · 濒危物种法案之争：保护该怎样「升级」？

1. 答案：D　推理判断题。由「Supporters call it a recovery-focused update ... offer incentives to landowners who help species rebound」可推知支持者视该法案为助力物种恢复的务实举措，故选 D。A 说他们要把濒危物种从法律中除名（原文未提及，张冠李戴）；B 说他们认为法案会削弱栖息地保护（那是批评者立场，张冠李戴）；C 说他们认为法院应阻止一切新项目（原文说的是限制公民诉讼，偷换概念）。

定位：Supporters call it a recovery-focused update ... offer incentives to landowners who help species rebound.

2. 答案：C　观点态度题。作者在列举支持者（以恢复为导向）与批评者（担忧缺乏保障）两方立场后，用「双方目标一致、只是路径不同」收束，整体持平衡、务实态度，既肯定恢复目标、也重视保障之忧，故选 C。A 强烈反对（与原文平衡呈现相反）；B 完全赞成且无视批评（与原文呈现批评相反）；D 漠不关心（作者立场明确，非漠然）。

定位：Both sides agree the goal is the same ... But they disagree on the road.

3. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「it would set clear benchmarks, require reports on progress every three years」可知法案要求设定清晰基准、每三年报告进展，故选 B。A 全面禁止地主一切活动（原文是向助力恢复的地主提供激励，扩大范围）；C 立即移除所有濒危栖息地（原文未提及，张冠李戴）；D 终结关于该法的所有诉讼（原文只是限制公民诉讼能力，缩小范围）。

定位：it would set clear benchmarks, require reports on progress every three years

4. 答案：A　主旨大意题。全文围绕美国新提出的《改善物种恢复法》引发的「支持 vs 担忧保障」之争展开，故选 A。B 如何成为参议员（无关，答非所问）；C 野生动物保护法院的日常工作（无关，答非所问）；D 濒危物种不再需要帮助（与文意相反且无关，答非所问）。

定位：Should the United States change how it protects endangered species? ... introduced the Improving Species Recovery Act