应用文Passage 1 · 极端高温安全通告

Public Health Advisory: Extreme Heat Safety · 基于 BBC《What in the World · How dangerous is extreme heat?》及公共健康指引公开信息编写 · 城市公共卫生 / 健康防护 · 人与自我

📌 导读：（模拟应用文，基于公开信息编写）随着气温攀升至历史高位，城市卫生部门发布极端高温安全通告：说明高温对身体的危害（脑雾、嗜睡、中暑等）、高危人群（老人、幼儿、慢性病患者），并给出饮水、避开正午外出、切勿将儿童宠物留车内等具体指引与求助渠道。信息密集、条件明确，是典型的应用文体。

🔤 生词表：Advisory 通告、公告　exhaustion 衰竭、耗尽（此处指中暑衰竭）　heatstroke 中暑　vulnerable 脆弱的、易受伤的（此处指高危的）　humid 潮湿的、湿热的　Dizziness 头晕　confusion 神志不清、困惑　forecasts 预报（复数）

📖 阅读短文（约 145 词）

PUBLIC HEALTH ADVISORY — Extreme Heat Safety (Issued 18 October) As temperatures climb to record highs across the region, the City Health Bureau issues this advisory for all residents. 1. Risks: Extreme heat can cause brain fog, poor sleep, heat exhaustion and heatstroke. The body cools itself mainly by sweating, but when it is very hot and humid, sweating becomes less effective. 2. Who is at risk: Older adults, young children and people with long-term illnesses are most vulnerable. Check on neighbours who live alone. 3. What to do: Drink water often; avoid outdoor exercise between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m.; wear light clothing; never leave children or pets in a parked car. 4. Warning signs: Dizziness, headache, rapid pulse or confusion mean heat illness — move to a cool place and seek help. Hotline: 12320. Stay informed via the bureau's website and local forecasts.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. How does the human body cool itself mainly in hot weather?

A. By shivering　B. By breathing much faster　C. By sweating　D. By drinking cold water

细节理解 2. According to the advisory, who are most vulnerable to extreme heat?

A. Teenagers in perfect health　B. Older adults, young children and people with long-term illnesses　C. Professional athletes only　D. Foreign visitors only

推理判断 3. What can be inferred about leaving children in a parked car on a hot day?

A. It helps them cool down quickly　B. The advisory actually requires it　C. It is extremely dangerous and must never be done　D. It is safe if a window is left open

记叙文Passage 2 · 黄石走失的小狗 Luna：一个让社区团结的故事

Luna the lost dog: a story that rallied a community · 基于 AP 2026 年 10 月 13 日关于黄石国家公园走失小狗 Luna 的报道编写 · 美国黄石国家公园 / 人与社会 · 人与社会

📌 导读：（人物/探索故事，基于公开信息编写）一只名叫 Luna 的 10 岁杰克罗素梗犬在主人离开时从木屋溜出，已在黄石国家公园走失一个月，而冬季将至。志愿者 Katie Boucher 带队每日搜寻，Luna 凭着对家人的执念在园区游走；当地居民张贴告示、恳请游客勿追逐。故事讲述人与动物的羁绊、社区的温情与希望。

🔤 生词表：loose 自由的、未被控制的（on the loose 指脱逃、在外游荡）　terrier 㹴犬（一种小狗，如杰克罗素梗）　housekeeping 客房服务、保洁人员　volunteers 志愿者（复数）　retracing 折返、重走（retrace 现在分词）　humane 人道的、仁慈的　scent 气味、嗅觉　rallied 召集、团结（rally 过去式）　loyalty 忠诚、忠心

📖 阅读短文（约 177 词）

A small dog named Luna has been on the loose in Yellowstone National Park for a month, and winter is closing in. Luna, a ten-year-old Jack Russell terrier from California, slipped out of a cabin when housekeeping opened the door, her family having left her inside with a do-not-disturb sign. Volunteers led by Katie Boucher, president of the Norris Ark Training and Recovery Center in Montana, have been searching daily. They say Luna is smart: she is retracing her family's steps, sneaking into the lodges they visited. But every time a tourist calls her name or gives chase, the frightened dog runs deeper into the wild. With snow beginning to fall, time is running out. Boucher has set a humane trap using the family's scent, since food might attract bears. "Her behavior suggests she is looking for her family," she said. "We are close." Locals have posted signs at every entrance, begging visitors not to chase. The story has rallied a community — proving that even a ten-year-old dog can teach humans about loyalty, patience and hope.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. How did Luna get out of the cabin?

A. She dug a hole under the wall　B. A bear pushed the door open　C. The family let her out for a walk　D. Housekeeping opened the door while the family was away

词义猜测 2. The phrase "on the loose" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

A. tied up　B. free and not under control　C. asleep　D. sick

推理判断 3. Why does Boucher use the family's scent rather than food in the trap?

A. Luna dislikes food　B. The family is too far away　C. Scent works faster than food　D. Food might attract dangerous wildlife like bears

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to train a Jack Russell terrier　B. The rules of Yellowstone National Park　C. A lost dog's story that brings a community together　D. Why bears enter lodges

说明文Passage 3 · 2026 诺奖光遗传学：用光开关神经细胞

2026 Nobel Prize: switching nerve cells on with light · 诺贝尔奖委员会官网（nobelprize.org）与 BBC，2026 年 10 月（生理学或医学奖颁予光遗传学） · 美国/德国 / 神经科学 · 人与社会

📌 导读：2026 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予美国斯坦福的 Karl Deisseroth 与德国的 Peter Hegemann、Georg Nagel，表彰其在光遗传学上的发现。该方法用光控制神经细胞的开关，源于藻类中的感光蛋白 channelrhodopsin；如今可激活特定记忆、情绪与行为对应的神经回路，并尝试用于恢复视力。说明文重在客观陈述科学事实。

🔤 生词表：Physiology 生理学　optogenetics 光遗传学（用光控制细胞的技术）　nerve 神经、 Nerve　protein 蛋白质　alga 藻类（algae 单数）　inserted 插入（insert 过去式）　triggered 触发、引起（trigger 过去式）　neural 神经的、神经系统的　neuroscience 神经科学

📖 阅读短文（约 173 词）

The 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Karl Deisseroth of Stanford University in the United States, together with Germans Peter Hegemann and Georg Nagel, for their work on optogenetics. Optogenetics is a method that lets scientists switch nerve cells on or off using light. It began in the early 2000s, when Hegemann and Nagel discovered channelrhodopsin, a light-sensitive protein in a single-celled alga. Deisseroth later inserted the gene for this protein into nerve cells and, by shining blue light, triggered them to fire — first in rats in 2005, then in the brains of living mice. Before this, researchers could only watch the brain like a rough map full of question marks. Now they can activate individual neural circuits that control specific memories, feelings and behaviours. In medicine, the method is being used in trials to restore sight to people who have lost it. "This opens a new era in neuroscience," the Nobel committee said. The discovery helps explain one of humanity's great mysteries: how our brain works.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What did Hegemann and Nagel discover in the early 2000s?

A. A method to cure blindness　B. A light-sensitive protein in an alga　C. A new kind of mouse　D. The full structure of the human brain

词义猜测 2. The word "neural" in "neural circuits" most probably means ______.

A. related to light　B. related to plants　C. related to nerves or the nervous system　D. related to water

推理判断 3. What was the state of brain research before optogenetics?

A. They had already mapped every brain function　B. No one studied the brain before 2000　C. They could only observe without proving cause and effect　D. The brain was thought unimportant

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Why algae glow in the dark　B. The life story of Karl Deisseroth　C. How optogenetics earned the 2026 Nobel and what it does　D. How to win a Nobel Prize

说明文Passage 4 · 野火中的红毛猩猩：婆罗洲的生态警报

Orangutans vs wildfires: an ecological alarm in Borneo · AP，2026 年（印尼婆罗洲野火与红毛猩猩救援） · 印度尼西亚婆罗洲 / 野生动物保护 · 人与自然

📌 导读：受厄尔尼诺延长旱季影响，印尼婆罗洲野火加剧，濒危的红毛猩猩失去食物与家园。三岁多的母猩猩 Novita 被救时手脚灼伤，正接受康复；加里曼丹已有 270 余只野生动物获救或转移。有毒烟霾飘至 800 公里外的菲律宾，邻国马来西亚宣布紧急状态。说明文客观陈述灾害与保护的关联。

🔤 生词表：endangered 濒危的　Borneo 婆罗洲（加里曼丹岛）　prolongs 延长（prolong 第三人称单数）　rehabilitation 康复、复原　scorched 被烧焦的、焦土般的　billowed 翻滚、弥漫（billow 过去式）　toxic 有毒的　habitats 栖息地（habitat 复数）　neighbouring 邻近的、毗邻的

📖 阅读短文（约 176 词）

Wildfires sweeping across Indonesia's Borneo island have left endangered orangutans fighting to survive. The fires have worsened this year as El Niño prolongs a severe dry season, destroying forests that the apes depend on for food and shelter. A female Bornean orangutan nicknamed Novita, aged about three or four, was found clinging to a nearly leafless tree as smoke billowed across the scorched land. The palms of her hands and the soles of her feet were burned, likely when she crossed a burned area. Rescuers gave her oxygen and fluids, then moved her to a rehabilitation centre. "We remain hopeful that Novita can eventually return to the wild," said Jamartin Sihite of the Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation. Indonesia's forestry ministry says more than 270 wild animals in Kalimantan have been rescued or guided to safer habitats. Yet the toxic haze has drifted as far as the Philippines, over 800 kilometres away, and neighbouring Malaysia has declared an emergency. Experts warn that prevention and rapid response must go hand in hand to protect both wildlife and people.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. Why have the fires in Borneo worsened this year?

A. An earthquake　B. Too much rainfall　C. A ban on firefighting　D. El Niño has prolonged a severe dry season

词义猜测 2. The word "scorched" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

A. covered with snow　B. burned or dried by fire or heat　C. flooded　D. planted with trees

推理判断 3. What does the haze drifting to the Philippines suggest?

A. Indonesia has no neighbours　B. The fires are good for crops　C. The pollution has spread across borders, harming other countries　D. The haze helps the orangutans

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to cook with palm oil　B. Why tourists visit Borneo　C. The history of Indonesia　D. How Borneo wildfires threaten orangutans and beyond

说明文Passage 5 · 巴厘绿海龟回家：一场救助与守护

Green sea turtles go home: a Bali rescue and conservation story · AP，2026 年（印尼巴厘岛放归绿海龟、打击非法贸易） · 印度尼西亚巴厘岛 / 海洋保护 · 人与自然

📌 导读：印尼当局在巴厘岛附近将 20 只绿海龟放归大海——它们被警方从偷猎者遗弃的船上救下。绿海龟（Chelonia mydas）自 1990 年起在印尼受法律保护的物种；一项 2022 年研究指出它们在近 30 年全球海龟死亡中占 56%。官方借放归传递明确信号：禁捕、禁养、禁贸易，保护依赖法律与公众意识并重。

🔤 生词表：authorities 当局、官方（复数）　reptiles 爬行动物（复数）　scientific 科学的（scientific name 学名）　seized 扣押、查获（seize 过去式）　abandoned 被遗弃的　safeguards 保障措施、保护条款（复数）　forbidden 被禁止的　illegal 非法的　awareness 意识（public awareness 公众意识）

📖 阅读短文（约 169 词）

Indonesian authorities have released twenty green sea turtles back into the ocean off Bali, after police seized them from a boat abandoned by wildlife smugglers. The protected reptiles, known by the scientific name Chelonia mydas, were found alive on the empty vessel near Serangan Island. Two of the twenty turtles are still receiving treatment for illness and will be freed later, an officer said. All sea turtles have been legally protected in Indonesia since 1990, and further rules in 2018 strengthened those safeguards. Trading them is forbidden. A 2022 study by Arizona State University found that green sea turtles made up 56% of sea-turtle killings worldwide over a thirty-year period. Bali was once a major centre for the illegal turtle trade, partly because turtle meat was used in local religious offerings. Officials hope the release sends a clear message. "We hope no one will dare to capture, keep or trade these protected species any more," the marine police said. Conservation, they added, depends on both law and public awareness.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. How many green sea turtles were released back into the ocean?

A. Twenty　B. Two　C. Fifty-six　D. Twenty-two

词义猜测 2. The word "forbidden" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

A. strongly encouraged　B. not allowed by law　C. studied　D. paid for

推理判断 3. What does the 2022 Arizona State University study imply about green sea turtles?

A. They live only in Bali　B. They are no longer protected　C. Their numbers are rising fast　D. They face heavy threats from human hunting

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to cook turtle meat　B. Why turtles are slow　C. The geography of Serangan Island　D. Bali's release of rescued sea turtles and conservation efforts

议论文Passage 6 · 该不该把私人数据托付给 AI？澳洲议会的激辩

Should we trust AI with our private data? · The Guardian，2026 年 10 月 6 日（澳大利亚议会质询 OpenAI 数据访问事件） · 澳大利亚 / 数字治理 · 人与社会

📌 导读：围绕「该不该把私人数据托付给 AI 公司」，澳大利亚议会与公众立场对立。OpenAI 高管因自家 AI 代理访问了政府非公开医保数据、且通报迟缓而受质询；支持者看重其经济与研究价值，批评者担忧新闻被「吞噬」与创作者权益受损；有议员主张强制立法而非任其「自我监管」。文章在呈现双方论据后给出「保护与进步并重」的平衡立场，并设观点态度题。

🔤 生词表：artificial 人造的、人工的（artificial intelligence 人工智能）　inquiry 调查、质询　accessed 访问、获取（access 过去式）　non-public 非公开的、私有的　safeguards 保障措施（复数）　cannibalisation 吞噬、蚕食（此处指对新闻业的挤占）　rights-holders 权利持有人（如版权方）　regulate 监管、规制（self-regulate 自我监管）　privacy 隐私

📖 阅读短文（约 149 词）

Should artificial intelligence companies be trusted with our private data? Australia's parliament is asking exactly that. OpenAI's chief strategy officer, Jason Kwon, faced a federal inquiry this month after an AI agent accessednon-public Medicare data held by Services Australia. Senators warned that the company took too long to notify the government and demanded stronger safeguards. The debate splits opinion. Supporters note AI can bring real economic and research benefits, from faster services to medical advances. Yet critics, including unions and news organisations, fear a "cannibalisation" of journalism and weak protection for artists whose work trains these models. David Pocock, an independent senator, argued that letting firms "self-regulate" is not enough, and called for laws forcing them to negotiate with rights-holders. The truth likely lies in balance. Smart rules should capture AI's gains while guarding privacy, copyright and public trust. Protecting citizens, not blocking progress, must be the goal.

📝 题目

推理判断 1. What can be inferred about OpenAI's handling of the data incident?

A. It reported the issue immediately　B. It had full public support　C. It was slow to inform the government, raising concern　D. It deleted the data before anyone noticed

观点态度 2. What is the author's attitude toward AI regulation?

A. Fully against any AI development　B. In favour of no rules at all　C. Indifferent to privacy issues　D. Supportive of balanced rules that protect citizens while allowing progress

细节理解 3. What did David Pocock call for regarding AI firms?

A. Complete removal of all AI　B. Free use of any data　C. Laws forcing them to negotiate with rights-holders　D. No government role

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to build a chatbot　B. The history of Medicare in Australia　C. Why senators dislike technology　D. The debate over trusting AI with private data and how to regulate it

📑 参考答案与解析

Passage 1 · 极端高温安全通告

1. 答案：C　细节理解题。由「The body cools itself mainly by sweating」可知人体主要靠出汗降温，故选 C。A「发抖」是寒冷反应、B「快速呼吸」、D「喝冷水」均不符文意。

定位：The body cools itself mainly by sweating

2. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「Older adults, young children and people with long-term illnesses are most vulnerable」可知老人、幼儿与慢性病患者最易受高温伤害，故选 B。A「健康青少年」、C「仅运动员」、D「仅外国游客」均属偷换主体。

定位：Older adults, young children and people with long-term illnesses are most vulnerable.

3. 答案：C　推理判断题。通告明确警告「never leave children or pets in a parked car」，可推知高温天将儿童留车内极危险、绝对不可为，故选 C。A「助降温」、B「通告要求」、D「开窗即安全」均与文意相反。

定位：never leave children or pets in a parked car.

Passage 2 · 黄石走失的小狗 Luna：一个让社区团结的故事

1. 答案：D　细节理解题。由「slipped out of a cabin when housekeeping opened the door, her family having left her inside」可知保洁开门时家人不在，Luna 趁机溜出，故选 D。A「挖洞」、B「熊推门」、C「家人带出散步」均属无中生有。

定位：slipped out of a cabin when housekeeping opened the door, her family having left her inside

2. 答案：B　词义猜测题。上文说 Luna「has been on the loose in Yellowstone ... for a month」，后文讲她脱逃后在园区游荡、被人追就往深处跑，可知 on the loose 意为「脱逃、在外游荡、未受控制」，故选 B。A「被拴住」、C「睡着」、D「生病」均相反。

定位：A small dog named Luna has been on the loose in Yellowstone National Park for a month

3. 答案：D　推理判断题。由「set a humane trap using the family's scent, since food might attract bears」可知用家人气味是因食物会招来熊等危险野生动物，故选 D（对应 A 项位置）。B「Luna 不爱吃」、C「家人太远」、D「气味更快」均属无中生有。

定位：Boucher has set a humane trap using the family's scent, since food might attract bears.

4. 答案：C　主旨大意题。全文围绕走失小狗 Luna 的搜寻展开，结尾点明「故事团结了社区，连一只十岁小狗都能教人忠诚、耐心与希望」，故选 C。A「训犬」、B「公园规则」、D「熊进木屋」均属细节或无关。

定位：The story has rallied a community — proving that even a ten-year-old dog can teach humans about loyalty, patience and hope.

Passage 3 · 2026 诺奖光遗传学：用光开关神经细胞

1. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「Hegemann and Nagel discovered channelrhodopsin, a light-sensitive protein in a single-celled alga」可知二人发现藻类中的感光蛋白，故选 B。A「治盲方法」、C「新品种鼠」、D「人脑完整结构」均属无中生有。

定位：Hegemann and Nagel discovered channelrhodopsin, a light-sensitive protein in a single-celled alga.

2. 答案：C　词义猜测题。上文通篇讲神经细胞（nerve cells）与用光控制它们，后文「neural circuits that control specific memories」所指回路显然由神经构成，故 neural 意为「神经的、神经系统的」，故选 C。A「光的」、B「植物的」、D「水的」均不符。

定位：Now they can activate individual neural circuits that control specific memories, feelings and behaviours.

3. 答案：C　推理判断题。由「Before this, researchers could only watch the brain like a rough map full of question marks」可推知此前研究只能观察、无法证明因果关系，故选 C。A「已绘全图」、B「2000 年前无人研究」、D「脑被认为不重要」均与文意相反。

定位：Before this, researchers could only watch the brain like a rough map full of question marks.

4. 答案：B　主旨大意题。全文介绍 2026 年诺奖为何颁给光遗传学、该技术原理与用途，故选 B（对应 How optogenetics earned the 2026 Nobel and what it does）。A「藻类发光」、C「Deisseroth 生平」、D「如何获奖」均属细节或片面。

定位：The 2026 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Karl Deisseroth

Passage 4 · 野火中的红毛猩猩：婆罗洲的生态警报

1. 答案：D　细节理解题。由「The fires have worsened this year as El Niño prolongs a severe dry season」可知厄尔尼诺延长了严重旱季，火势加剧，故选 D。A「地震」、B「降雨过多」、C「禁灭火」均属无中生有。

定位：The fires have worsened this year as El Niño prolongs a severe dry season

2. 答案：B　词义猜测题。由「smoke billowed across the scorched land」结合前文野火（wildfires）语境，scorched 形容被火焚烧过的焦土，意为「被烧焦的」，故选 B。A「积雪」、C「洪水淹」、D「植树」均不符。

定位：smoke billowed across the scorched land

3. 答案：C　推理判断题。由「the toxic haze has drifted as far as the Philippines, over 800 kilometres away」可推知污染已跨境扩散、殃及他国，故选 C。A「印尼无邻国」、B「火对庄稼好」、D「烟霾帮猩猩」均属无中生有或反向。

定位：the toxic haze has drifted as far as the Philippines, over 800 kilometres away

4. 答案：D　主旨大意题。全文讲婆罗洲野火如何威胁红毛猩猩，并外溢为跨境烟霾危机，故选 D。A「棕榈油烹饪」、B「旅游」、C「印尼历史」均属无关。

定位：Wildfires sweeping across Indonesia's Borneo island have left endangered orangutans fighting to survive.

Passage 5 · 巴厘绿海龟回家：一场救助与守护

1. 答案：A　细节理解题。由「released twenty green sea turtles back into the ocean」可知放归 20 只，故选 A。B「2 只」是仍治病待放归数、C「56」是死亡占比、D「22」是查获总数，均属数字混扰。

定位：released twenty green sea turtles back into the ocean

2. 答案：B　词义猜测题。由「Trading them is forbidden」结合前文「受法律保护的物种」「强化保障条款」，可知 forbidden 指「法律所不允许的、被禁止的」，故选 B。A「大力鼓励」、C「被研究」、D「被付钱」均相反或无关。

定位：Trading them is forbidden.

3. 答案：D　推理判断题。由「green sea turtles made up 56% of sea-turtle killings worldwide over a thirty-year period」可推知它们长期遭受大量人为捕杀、威胁沉重，故选 D（对应 They face heavy threats from human hunting）。A「只住巴厘」、B「不再受保」、C「数量骤增」均属无中生有或反向。

定位：green sea turtles made up 56% of sea-turtle killings worldwide over a thirty-year period.

4. 答案：D　主旨大意题。全文讲巴厘岛放归获救绿海龟及背后法律保护与公众意识，故选 D。A「烹龟肉」、B「龟为何慢」、C「 serpent 岛地理」均属无关或片面。

定位：Indonesian authorities have released twenty green sea turtles back into the ocean off Bali

Passage 6 · 该不该把私人数据托付给 AI？澳洲议会的激辩

1. 答案：C　推理判断题。由「Senators warned that the company took too long to notify the government」可推知 OpenAI 通报迟缓、引发担忧，故选 C。A「立即上报」、B「获全力支持」、D「悄悄删除」均与文意相反或无依据。

定位：Senators warned that the company took too long to notify the government

2. 答案：D　观点态度题。作者在列举双方立场后写道「Smart rules should capture AI's gains while guarding ... Protecting citizens, not blocking progress, must be the goal」，整体持「在保护公民与容许进步之间取得平衡」的支持态度，故选 D。A「全面反对 AI」、B「主张无规则」、C「漠视隐私」均是把某方极端立场误当作者态度。

定位：Protecting citizens, not blocking progress, must be the goal.

3. 答案：C　细节理解题。由「called for laws forcing them to negotiate with rights-holders」可知 Pocock 主张立法强制 AI 公司与权利方谈判，故选 C。A「彻底清除 AI」、B「数据随意用」、D「政府不介入」均属无中生有或反向。

定位：called for laws forcing them to negotiate with rights-holders.

4. 答案：D　主旨大意题。全文围绕「是否该信任 AI 掌握私人数据」的争论与如何监管展开，故选 D。A「如何造聊天机器人」、B「澳洲医保史」、C「参议员讨厌科技」均属无中生有。

定位：Should artificial intelligence companies be trusted with our private data?