PAN ENGLISH · 考研英语阅读精讲2017考研英语一 · Text 1 精讲安检排长队为哪般？PreCheck 为什么火不起来本期内容：① 全文翻译 + 长难句三色标注 + 逐段生词短语 → ② 5道题逐题精讲（找定位词 → 找定位句 → 精读定位句 → 匹配合适选项）第一部分 · 全文翻译（长难句标注版）红色加粗 ＝ 谓语动词 ｜蓝色加粗 ＝ 连词 ｜黄色荧光 ＝ 从句使用方法：先自己通读英文，用三色标注自查“有没有抓准谓语、有没有看清从句边界”，再对照译文和词汇表消化。长难句读不懂的，90% 是谓语没找准。
Para 1
现象开篇 · 提前2小时变3小时（全文话题：安检排长队）
First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.【译文】以前是提前两小时，现在是三小时——这就是有关当局建议人们赶国内航班时提前到场的时间，至少在美国一些安检队伍日益庞大的主要机场是这样。▍生词短语
单词 / 短语
释义 · 考点
in advance
提前 → how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. Butdemanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.【译文】美国人愿意忍受耗时的安检流程，以换取更高的安全。埃及航空804号航班的坠毁——恐怖分子可能是在地中海上空将其击落的——又一次悲剧性地提醒了人们为什么要这样做。但若对航空旅客要求过多，或作为回报提供的安全保障太少，就会削弱公众对这一流程的支持。而且理应如此：浪费时间拖累美国人的经济生活和私人生活，更不用说让人火冒三丈了。▍生词短语
单词 / 短语
释义 · 考点
tolerate
v. 忍受 → Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols（21题答案同源）
protocol
n. 流程；规程 → security protocols
in return for
作为…的回报 → in return for increased safety
down
v.（熟词僻义）击落 → terrorists may have downed the plane over the Mediterranean Sea
provide a reminder of why
提醒人们个中缘由（例证服务的观点在前一句，21题命题点）
undermine
v. 削弱 → undermines public support for the process
a drag on
拖累；负担 → Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives
infuriating
adj. 令人愤怒的 → not to mention infuriating
Para 3
排长队的原因 · 安检漏洞 + 出行人数上升（22题定位段）
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago’s O’Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.【译文】去年，美国运输安全管理局（TSA）在一次秘密检查中发现，暗访调查人员几乎每次尝试都能把武器——假的和真的都有——偷偷带上机场安检。此后加强的安检措施，加上经济改善和低油价带来的航空出行人数上升，导致芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场等主要机场出现长时间排队等候。目前还不清楚机场安检的有效性到底提升了多少——但排起的长队是有目共睹的。▍生词短语
单词 / 短语
释义 · 考点
undercover
adj. 暗中进行的；卧底的 → undercover investigators
sneak ... past
偷偷带过 → sneak weapons past airport security
combined with
加上；连同 → enhanced measures, combined with a rise in airline travel（22题答案句主干）
result in
导致 → have resulted in long waits（22题题干同源）
a rise in airline travel
航空出行人数上升（= 22题答案 an increase in the number of travellers）
Para 4
原因补充分析 · 三个“部分原因”（22题干扰项来源段）
Part of the issue isthat the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue isthat airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may bethat more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.【译文】问题的部分原因在于，政府没有预料到航空出行人数的急剧增长，因此TSA正在匆忙增补新的安检员。部分原因还在于，机场可供设置安检通道的空间有限。另一个可能的因素是，越来越多的人为了避开托运行李费而把随身行李塞得过满，尽管航空公司对这一说法强烈否认。▍生词短语
单词 / 短语
释义 · 考点
anticipate
v. 预料；预见 → the government did not anticipate the steep increase
steep
adj.（熟词僻义）急剧的；陡峭的 → the steep increase in airline travel
screening lanes
安检通道 → only so much room for screening lanes
overpack
v. 装得过满 → overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees（22题A项干扰源）
dispute
v.（熟词僻义）质疑；否认 → the airlines strongly dispute this（≠ 争论 / 争吵）
Para 5
解决方案 · PreCheck 双赢设计（23题定位段）
There is one step the TSA could take thatwould not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers whopass a background checkare eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers whoare higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.【译文】TSA本可以采取一个既不需要改造机场也不需要匆忙招聘的措施：让更多人注册加入PreCheck（预检）计划。PreCheck本应是对旅客和TSA双赢的设计。通过背景审查的旅客有资格使用快速安检通道。这使得TSA能够将精力集中在风险更高的旅客身上，为所有相关者节省时间。TSA希望让2500万人加入PreCheck。▍生词短语
单词 / 短语
释义 · 考点
enroll
v. 注册；加入 → Enroll more people in the PreCheck program（24题考点）
be supposed to
本应；理应 → PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win（暗示实际并非如此）
background check
背景审查 → Passengers who pass a background check
be eligible to
有资格做 → are eligible to use expedited screening lanes
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.【译文】但注册人数远没有接近这个目标，一个大原因是“标价惊吓”：旅客必须每五年支付85美元来办理背景审查。从一开始，这笔费用就是PreCheck的致命缺陷。即将到来的改革或许能把价格降到更合理的水平。但国会应该着手直接促成这件事，比如资助PreCheck注册，或通过其他方式降低成本。▍生词短语
单词 / 短语
释义 · 考点
sticker shock
（熟词僻义）被标价吓到；价格惊吓 → one big reason is sticker shock（24题答案同源）
process
v.（熟词僻义）办理；处理 → to process their background checks（≠ 过程）
price tag
标价；价格 → this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw
fatal flaw
致命缺陷 → this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw（24题定位词）
look into
着手处理；研究 → Congress should look into doing so directly
finance
v.（熟词僻义）资助 → helping to finance PreCheck enrollment（24题C项干扰源）
Para 7
呼吁收尾 · 别让PreCheck通道空转（25题标题呼应段）
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.【译文】TSA不能继续把资源投放到闲置的PreCheck通道上，而让大多数出行公众在原本不必要的长队中受苦。让这项计划真正运转起来，早已是时候了。▍生词短语
单词 / 短语
释义 · 考点
divert ... into
把（资源等）转投；挪用 → diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes（25题D项同源）
underused
adj. 未充分利用的 → underused PreCheck lanes
long past time
早就该…的时候了 → It is long past time to make the program work
第二部分 · 5道题逐题精讲（STEP 四步法）
① 找定位词
→
② 找定位句
→
③ 精读定位句
→
④ 匹配合适选项
本文主线（做题前必看）：这是一篇“问题—原因—方案”型社论——机场安检排长队（现象）→ 安检漏洞 + 出行人数激增 + 通道有限（原因）→ PreCheck 是现成的解法，却因85美元的注册费火不起来（方案受阻）→ 呼吁让计划落地（收尾）。5道题全部围绕这条主线。第21题 · 例证目的题（埃航坠机为何被提及）The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to _______.
A
explain American’s tolerance of current security checks
✓ 正确
B
stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide
✗ 陷阱
C
highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports
✗ 陷阱
D
emphasize the importance of privacy protection
✗ 陷阱
STEP 1 · 找定位词题干关键词：EgyptAir Flight 804。→ 直接锁定 Para 2。例证题的铁律：例子服务于它前面的观点句，不看例子本身看观点。STEP 2 · 找定位句观点句在前：“Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety.” 然后才是例子：“The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 ... provides another tragic reminder of why.”STEP 3 · 精读定位句a reminder of why 中的 why 回指前一句：为什么美国人愿意忍受耗时安检？——因为换来了更高的安全。埃航坠机就是“不加强安检的后果”这一活生生的提醒。所以例子是为了解释美国人对现有安检的容忍。STEP 4 · 匹配合适选项A（正）explain American’s tolerance of current security checks：＝ “a reminder of why”所回指的观点——为什么愿意忍受（tolerate）现有安检。B（诱）stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide：例子表面有“恐怖分子击落航班”，容易脑补成“全球安检刻不容缓”——例证功能偷换陷阱，作者没呼吁“worldwide”。C（诱）highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports：“改造机场”是 Para 5 才提到的方案对比，与埃航例子无关——张冠李戴陷阱。D（诱）emphasize the importance of privacy protection：全文没提“隐私保护”——无中生有陷阱。🎯 21题小结：例证题永远往前找观点句，“provides a reminder of why” 的 why 就是答案的钥匙答案：A第22题 · 细节定位题（排长队的原因）Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?
A
New restrictions on carry-on bags.
✗ 陷阱
B
The declining efficiency of the TSA.
✗ 陷阱
C
An increase in the number of travellers.
✓ 正确
D
Frequent unexpected secret checks.
✗ 陷阱
STEP 1 · 找定位词题干关键词：contributes to ＋ long waits at major airports。→ 锁定 Para 3“... have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago’s O’Hare International.”STEP 2 · 找定位句“Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports.”STEP 3 · 精读定位句导致 long waits 的两个并列主语：① 加强后的安检措施 ② a rise in airline travel（航空出行人数上升）。选项 C “the number of travellers 增加”正是②的同义改写：airline travel 上升 = 出行人数增加。STEP 4 · 匹配合适选项C（正）An increase in the number of travellers：＝ a rise in airline travel，名词短语层面的同义替换。A（诱）New restrictions on carry-on bags：Para 4 说的是旅客“把随身行李塞得过满以避开托运费”，没有任何“新限制”——偷换概念陷阱。B（诱）The declining efficiency of the TSA：原文只说 TSA 缺人手、在招人，没说“效率下降”——无中生有陷阱。D（诱）Frequent unexpected secret checks：secret check 是 TSA“查出安检漏洞”的手段，不是排长队的原因；且原文只有“一次”秘密检查——原词混淆陷阱。🎯 22题小结：因果细节题盯死“resulted in”前后的主语；干扰项最爱用原词（secret check）混入无关信息答案：C第23题 · 词义猜测题（expedited 什么意思）The word “expedited” (Line 4, Para. 5) is closest in meaning to _______.
A
quieter.
✗ 陷阱
B
cheaper.
✗ 陷阱
C
wider.
✗ 陷阱
D
faster.
✓ 正确
STEP 1 · 找定位词题干已锁定考点词：expedited（Para 5）。词义题不需要认识这个单词，答案藏在上下文里——看这个词所在句的前后句。STEP 2 · 找定位句“Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved.”STEP 3 · 精读定位句紧随其后的saving time（省时间）就是词义线索：这种通道能为大家省时间 → 走这种通道更快。另外 PreCheck 本身的卖点就是“预检快通”。所以 expedited = 加快的、加急的。STEP 4 · 匹配合适选项D（正）faster：与“saving time”直接对应——快速通道快在时间。A（诱）quieter：文中没比较通道的嘈杂程度——无中生有陷阱。B（诱）cheaper：恰恰相反，Para 6 说 PreCheck 要交85美元——反向陷阱。C（诱）wider：通道宽度从未提及——无中生有陷阱。🎯 23题小结：词义题不背单词也拿分——线索词 saving time 就在下一句答案：D第24题 · 细节定位题（PreCheck 的问题）One problem with the PreCheck program is _______.
A
a dramatic reduction of its scale.
✗ 陷阱
B
its wrongly-directed implementation.
✗ 陷阱
C
the government’s reluctance to back it.
✗ 陷阱
D
an unreasonable price for enrollment.
✓ 正确
STEP 1 · 找定位词题干关键词：problem with the PreCheck program。Para 5 介绍 PreCheck 是好方案，“问题”紧随其后 → 锁定 Para 6。STEP 2 · 找定位句“It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw.”STEP 3 · 精读定位句三连线索全指向价格：sticker shock（被标价吓到）→ $85/五年 → price tag 是 fatal flaw（致命缺陷）。后面还有一句补刀：改革要 bring the price to a more reasonable level——说明现在这价格不合理。STEP 4 · 匹配合适选项D（正）an unreasonable price for enrollment：“注册收费不合理”＝ sticker shock + fatal flaw + “more reasonable level”的反衬。A（诱）a dramatic reduction of its scale：原文是“没达到2500万的目标”，不是“规模被大幅缩减”——偷换概念陷阱。B（诱）its wrongly-directed implementation：计划本身方向没错（win-win），只是推广受阻——无中生有陷阱。C（诱）the government’s reluctance to back it：作者建议国会“应该”出手资助，说明国会尚未行动，但没有“不愿意支持”——程度偷换陷阱。🎯 24题小结：冒号、破折号后的解释性信息（sticker shock / $85 / fatal flaw）就是命题点，三个线索互相印证再选答案：D第25题 · 篇章标题题（最佳标题）Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A
Less Screening for More Safety
✗ 陷阱
B
PreCheck – a Belated Solution
✗ 陷阱
C
Getting Stuck in Security Lines
✓ 正确
D
Underused PreCheck Lanes
✗ 陷阱
STEP 1 · 找定位词best title ＝ 主旨题。不能只盯某一段，要通览全文主线（Para 1 现象 → Para 3-4 原因 → Para 5-6 方案受阻 → Para 7 呼吁）。STEP 2 · 找定位句首尾呼应定主旨：Para 1 “increasingly massive security lines”（排队越来越夸张）→ Para 3 “the lines are obvious” → Para 7 “most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines”。“被困安检长队”贯穿全文，PreCheck 只是解法之一。STEP 3 · 精读定位句标题题两把尺子：① 覆盖面——要罩住全文主线，不能只有最后两段的细节；② 态度一致——作者自始至终关心的是“公众被困在长队里”。C 项 Getting Stuck in Security Lines 两者兼备；PreCheck 相关标题只覆盖 Para 5-7 的解法部分。STEP 4 · 匹配合适选项C（正）Getting Stuck in Security Lines：覆盖全文主线（现象 + 原因 + 呼吁），与首尾段 security lines / unnecessary lines 精准呼应。A（诱）Less Screening for More Safety：“减少安检换安全”这种主张全文从未出现——凭空捏造主题陷阱。B（诱）PreCheck – a Belated Solution：“belated（迟来的）”文中毫无依据，作者只说“早就该让它运转起来”，不是说方案来得太迟——偷加信息陷阱。D（诱）Underused PreCheck Lanes：只是 Para 7 的一个细节，以偏概全，罩不住 Para 1-4 的大篇幅“排长队成因”——以偏概全陷阱。🎯 25题小结：标题题先画“全文主线图”再对选项——覆盖面不够的、原文没说的，统统排除答案：C📌 参考答案：21.A 22.C 23.D 24.D 25.C｜ 避坑心法：本篇 5 道题的干扰项两大套路——原词混入（secret check、PreCheck）和程度偷换（belated、reluctance）。例证题往前找观点句，词义题往后找线索句，标题题看首尾呼应。原文中对应不上原词/同义替换的选项，一律视为脑补。📮 潘老师考研英语 · 微信公众号专注考研英语阅读 · 写作 · 翻译 · 完形 ｜ 每日干货 · 真题精讲 · 方法论沉淀
