考研英语阅读真题精讲2017 年英语一 · Text 3 ｜ GDP 衡量不了一切本篇围绕「GDP 是否足以衡量国家成功」展开：Kennedy 观点开篇 → 英国 GDP 亮眼却遭脱欧打脸 → 年度研究揭示增长未转化为福祉 → 结论：该看看 GDP 之外的世界了。先翻译吃透，再按 STEP 四步法逐题击破。PART 1 · 全文翻译 + 长难句标注 + 生词短语标注说明：红色加粗 = 谓语动词蓝色加粗 = 连词黄色荧光 = 从句【第 1 段 · 原文】Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.【参考译文】罗伯特·F·肯尼迪曾说过，一国的 GDP 衡量了"一切，唯独不包括那些让人生有价值的东西"。随着英国投票脱离欧盟，且预计 GDP 将因此放缓，现在是时候来评估他所说的究竟是什么了。
词汇 / 短语
释义
measure v.
衡量；测量
worthwhile adj.
有价值的；值得做的
timely adj.
及时的；恰逢其时的
assess v.
评估；评判
refer to
指的是；暗指
【第 2 段 · 原文】The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well, then whydidover 17 million peoplevotefor Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?【参考译文】半个多世纪以来，GDP 及其有用性的问题一直困扰着政策制定者。许多人认为这是一个有缺陷的概念：它衡量了无关紧要的东西，却遗漏了真正重要的东西。按照最近的大多数衡量标准，英国的 GDP 一直是西方世界羡慕的对象——失业率创历史新低，增长数字可观。可如果一切真的如此顺利，为什么超过 1700 万人不顾"脱欧可能损害国家经济前景"的警告，仍然投票支持脱欧？
词汇 / 短语
释义
annoy v.
使烦恼；困扰
policymaker n.
政策制定者
flawed adj.
有缺陷的；有瑕疵的
the envy of...
令人羡慕的对象
record low n.
历史最低点
Brexit n.
英国脱欧
prospect n.
前景；前途
【第 3 段 · 原文】A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of howcountries are performing.【参考译文】最近一项关于"各国将增长转化为福祉之能力"的年度研究为这个问题提供了一些线索。在受测的 163 个国家中，英国在"确保经济增长转化为公民生活实质性改善"方面表现最差之列。这项研究不再仅仅盯着 GDP，而是衡量了来自健康、教育和公民社会参与等领域的 40 多套不同标准，以对各国表现做出更全面的评估。
词汇 / 短语
释义
convert...into...
把……转化为……
well-being n.
福祉；幸福
shed light on
阐明；为……提供线索
performer n.
表现者；表现体
translate into
转化为；变成
criteria n.（pl.）
标准；准则（单数 criterion）
civil society engagement
公民社会参与
rounded adj.
全面的；综合的
【第 4 段 · 原文】While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this is not the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.【参考译文】尽管所有这些国家都面临各自的挑战，但仍存在一些共同的规律。诚然，自 2008 年全球金融危机以来，经济复苏已初见端倪，但在健康、教育等领域的关键指标上，主要经济体却持续下滑。然而并非所有国家都是如此：一些相对贫穷的欧洲国家在公民社会、收入平等和环境等多项指标上取得了巨大进步。
词汇 / 短语
释义
consistent adj.
一致的；始终如一的
budding adj.
萌芽的；初露端倪的
recovery n.
复苏；恢复
indicator n.
指标；标志
decline v./n.
下降；衰退
income equality
收入平等
【第 5 段 · 原文】This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: WhenGDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different.【参考译文】这是富裕国家可以吸取的教训：当 GDP 不再被视为衡量一国成功的唯一标准时，世界会呈现出截然不同的面貌。
词汇 / 短语
释义
sole adj.
唯一的；仅有的
regard...as...
把……视为……
【第 6 段 · 原文】So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes – all things thatcontribute to a person's sense of well-being.【参考译文】因此，肯尼迪所指的是：虽然 GDP 一直是衡量各国经济活动最常用的方法，但作为一种衡量标准，它已不再够用。它不包括环境质量、教育成果等重要因素——而这些恰恰都是构成一个人幸福感的东西。
词汇 / 短语
释义
economic activity
经济活动
factor n.
因素；要素
outcome n.
结果；成果
contribute to
促成；有助于
sense of well-being
幸福感
【第 7 段 · 原文】The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers whorefocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.【参考译文】预计全球及英国都将遭受的经济增长重创，可能导致我们赖以维持福祉与增长的日常公共服务出现衰退。但是，如果政策制定者把重心重新放在改善福祉上，而不是仅仅纠结于 GDP 数字，就可能避免这场预料之中的厄运，甚至可能看到进步。
一句话抓主旨：英国 GDP 数据全西方羡慕，1700 万人却投票脱欧——因为 GDP 衡量不了健康、教育、环境这些真正让人幸福的东西。全文就是围绕这个矛盾展开的。第 31 题 Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he_______.（细节题）[A] praised the UK for its GDP.[B] identified GDP with happiness.[C] misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D] had a low opinion of GDP. ✓STEP 1 · 找定位词题干人名 Robert F. Kennedy + is cited（被引用）。人名大写好定位，锁首段。STEP 2 · 找定位句"Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile.""STEP 3 · 精读定位句关键在 except（除……之外）：GDP 衡量一切，唯独不衡量"让人生有价值的东西"。言下之意：GDP 抓不住真正重要的东西——对 GDP 持贬低、否定的态度。且第二段"许多人认为 GDP 是有缺陷的概念"是对 Kennedy 观点的呼应，作者引用他是赞同他。STEP 4 · 匹配选项[A] 夸英国 GDP 好——无中生有，方向反了；[B] 把 GDP 等同于幸福——原文恰恰说 GDP 衡量不了幸福，曲解；[C] 误解了 GDP 的作用——作者赞同 Kennedy，"误解"属于反向干扰；[D] 对 GDP 评价很低——正是 except 传递的态度，当选 D。第 32 题 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_______.（推理题）[A] the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B] the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C] GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK. ✓[D] policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.STEP 1 · 找定位词定位词 Paragraph 2 + infer（推断）。推理题找段落内的矛盾/转折处。STEP 2 · 找定位句"By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world... If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings...?"STEP 3 · 精读定位句先铺"GDP 亮眼得让西方羡慕"，再抛反问句："如果一切真的那么好，为什么 1700 万人还要投票脱欧？"反问句的潜台词：民众根本不认这套 GDP 至上的成功叙事。经济数据好 ≠ 民众认可——GDP 作为成功标准在英国遭到广泛质疑和抵抗。STEP 4 · 匹配选项[A] 英国不愿重塑经济模式——文中没提；[B] 英国对世界经济贡献将变少——无中生有；[C] GDP 作为成功衡量标准在英国被广泛质疑（defied）——正是反问句的推论，当选 C；[D] 英国政策制定者越来越不关注 GDP——原文说 GDP 问题困扰他们半个世纪，是"很头疼"不是"不关注"。第 33 题 Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?（细节题）[A] It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B] It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C] Its criteria are questionable.[D] Its results are enlightening. ✓STEP 1 · 找定位词定位词 the recent annual study（近年年度研究），专有名词性质，锁第三段。STEP 2 · 找定位句"A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question."STEP 3 · 精读定位句核心短语 sheds some light on（为……提供线索/启发）：这项研究解释了第二段结尾的疑问（为什么 GDP 好民众还脱欧）。研究本身是有启发性、有解释力的。另外注意：研究衡量的标准是"rather than just focusing on GDP"——不是只看 GDP，而非排除 GDP。STEP 4 · 匹配选项[A] 把 GDP 排除在指标之外——"rather than just focusing on"是"不只看"，不是"不看"，偷换；[B] 由 163 国赞助——163 国是受测对象，不是出资方，张冠李戴；[C] 其标准可疑——文章对该研究持肯定态度，反向干扰；[D] 其结果有启发性——sheds some light on 的同义改写，当选 D。第 34 题 In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that_______.（观点推断题）[A] the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B] high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C] it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP. ✓[D] it requires caution to handle economic issues.STEP 1 · 找定位词定位词 the last two paragraphs + suggests（暗示、表明）。作者观点题：抓最后两段的结论句和建议句。STEP 2 · 找定位句"...as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes..." / "But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress."STEP 3 · 精读定位句第六段：GDP 作为衡量标准不再够用，它漏掉了环境质量、教育成果等构成幸福感的重要因素。第七段：政策制定者若把重心从"纠结 GDP 数字"转向"改善福祉"，就能避免厄运甚至取得进步。两句合起来 = 作者主张必须考虑 GDP 之外的因素。STEP 4 · 匹配选项[A] 英国正准备迎接经济繁荣——原文预测的是 doom（厄运），反向干扰；[B] 高 GDP 预示经济衰退——原文说的是"增长受创可能拖累服务"，没有说高 GDP 导致衰退，强加因果；[C] 必须考虑 GDP 之外的因素——正是两段核心主张，当选 C；[D] 处理经济问题需要谨慎——"谨慎"无从谈起，宽泛凑数项。第 35 题 Which of the following is the best title for the text?（主旨题）[A] High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson ✓[B] GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D] Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-beingSTEP 1 · 找定位词best title = 全文主旨题。方法：串起各段首末句，找贯穿全文的中心矛盾。STEP 2 · 找定位句（全文脉络）首段：GDP 衡量不了一切 → 二段：英国 GDP 亮眼却 1700 万人脱欧（矛盾爆发）→ 三四段：研究显示增长未转化为福祉 → 五六七段：结论——别再把 GDP 当唯一标准，要关注 GDP 之外的福祉因素。STEP 3 · 精读全文反复出现的对子：高 GDP vs 低福祉；案例主角是英国；第五段明说"这是富裕国家可以吸取的 lesson（教训）"——标题三要素：高 GDP、福祉不足、英国教训，一个都不少。STEP 4 · 匹配选项[A] 高 GDP 但福祉不足：一个英国的教训——完美覆盖全文，当选 A；[B] GDP 数字是全球经济健康的窗口——文章立场是批评 GDP，此项变相吹 GDP，方向相反；[C] Kennedy，GDP 的终结者——他只是批评 GDP，没"终结"GDP，夸大其词；[D] 脱欧：英国通往福祉之门——脱欧只是引子，文中从未说脱欧能带来福祉，无中生有。文末答案速查
31
32
33
34
35
D
C
D
C
A
方法论复盘： 本篇的灵魂是 31/32 题共享的同一矛盾——"GDP 数据好"与"民众用脱欧投反对票"。阅读中看到 except / rather than / no longer 这类否定性信号词，立刻警觉作者态度偏否定；主旨题优先选能同时覆盖"现象+教训"的标题。
