PAN ENGLISH · 考研英语阅读精讲2017考研英语一 · Text 2 精讲圣山上建天文台：TMT 争议背后的科学与文化之争本期内容：① 全文翻译 + 长难句三色标注 + 逐段生词短语 → ② 5道题逐题精讲（找定位词 → 找定位句 → 精读定位句 → 匹配合适选项）第一部分 · 全文翻译（长难句标注版）红色加粗 ＝ 谓语动词 ｜蓝色加粗 ＝ 连词 ｜黄色荧光 ＝ 从句使用方法：先自己通读英文，用三色标注自查“有没有抓准谓语、有没有看清从句边界”，再对照译文和词汇表消化。长难句读不懂的，90% 是谓语没找准。
Para 1
引子 · 昔日荣光与今日争议（26题定位段）
“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.【译文】“古夏威夷人就是天文学家，”夏威夷最后一位在位君主利留卡拉尼女王1897年写道。观星者曾是夏威夷社会中最受尊敬的群体之一。遗憾的是，如今夏威夷的天文学境况并不好。三十米望远镜（TMT）的修建引发了抗议——这座巨型天文台有望彻底革新人类对宇宙的认知。▍生词短语
单词 / 短语
释义 · 考点
reigning monarch
在位君主 → Hawaii’s last reigning monarch（同位语，别误当谓语）
esteemed
adj. 受尊敬的 → among the most esteemed members（26题答案同源）
erupt
v.（熟词僻义）（抗议等）爆发 → Protests have erupted over construction of the TMT
observatory
n. 天文台 → a giant observatory
revolutionize
v. 彻底变革 → revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos
cosmos
n. 宇宙（= the universe）
Para 2
选址之争 · 茂纳凯亚为何是绝佳观测点（27题定位段）
At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.【译文】争议的焦点在于TMT计划选址茂纳凯亚火山——一座被一些夏威夷人奉为“皮可”（脐带，连接夏威夷群岛与天空的纽带）而加以膜拜的休眠火山。但茂纳凯亚同时也是世界上一些最强大望远镜的所在地。这座矗立在太平洋中的火山，其峰顶高耸于地球大部分浓密大气层之上，那里的观测条件使望远镜能够获得清晰度无与伦比的图像。▍生词短语
单词 / 短语
释义 · 考点
at issue
（熟词僻义）争议所在 → At issue is the TMT’s planned location（倒装句）
dormant volcano
休眠火山 → a dormant volcano（dormant 休眠的）
worship
v. 崇拜；膜拜 → worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko（27题C项干扰源）
the heavens
（熟词僻义）天空；苍穹 → connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens
the bulk of
大部分；主体 → rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere
unsurpassed
adj. 无与伦比的 → images of unsurpassed clarity（27题答案同源）
Para 3
反对声浪 · 由来已久（28题定位段）
Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.【译文】对茂纳凯亚山上望远镜的反对并非新鲜事。一小群直言不讳的夏威夷人和环保主义者长期以来把望远镜的存在视为对圣地的亵渎，也是对“这块土地曾被占领、而它曾是一个主权国家”那段历史的沉痛提醒。▍生词短语
单词 / 短语
释义 · 考点
vocal
（熟词僻义）直言不讳的；大声表达意见的 → a small but vocal group
sacred
adj. 神圣的 → disrespect for sacred land
occupation
（熟词僻义）占领 → the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation
sovereign nation
主权国家 → what was once a sovereign nation（28题答案同源）
Para 4
让步之一 · 天文学界确有过错（30题“先抑”素材）
Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgotthat science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands’ inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.【译文】当前的争议，天文学家应负部分责任。他们一心想建造更大的望远镜，却忘了科学并不是理解世界的唯一方式。他们并不总是优先考虑保护茂纳凯亚脆弱的生态系统，也不总是顾及它对岛上居民的神圣意义。夏威夷文化不是历史的陈迹，而是一种今天正在经历复兴的鲜活文化。▍生词短语
单词 / 短语
释义 · 考点
in one’s eagerness to
急于做 → In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes
prioritize
v. 优先考虑 → did not always prioritize the protection of fragile ecosystems
fragile ecosystems
脆弱的生态系统 → Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems
relic
（熟词僻义）遗迹；残余 → Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past
undergo
v. 经历 → undergoing a renaissance today（30题C项干扰源）
renaissance
n. 复兴 → a living culture undergoing a renaissance
Para 5
让步之二再反转 · 科学也有文化血脉（29题定位段）
Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shoresinspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.【译文】然而科学也有自己的文化史，其根脉可以追溯到文明的开端。当年最早把波利尼西亚人带到夏威夷海岸的那份“想看看地平线之外有什么”的好奇心，如今也激励着天文学家去探索苍穹。拆除茂纳凯亚山上所有望远镜、或禁止未来开发的呼声，无视了这样一个现实：天文学和夏威夷文化都在试图回答“我们是谁、我们从哪里来、我们到哪里去”这些重大问题。也许，这正是我们探索星空的原因——仿佛在回应一种想认识自我、认祖归宗的原始召唤。▍生词短语
单词 / 短语
释义 · 考点
the dawn of
（熟词僻义）开端 → the dawn of civilization（≠ 黎明）
horizon
n. 地平线 → what lies beyond the horizon
inspire sb. to do
激励某人做 → inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens（29题命题句）
disassemble
v. 拆除；分解 → Calls to disassemble all telescopes
primal
adj. 原始的；初生的 → a primal calling to know ourselves
ancestral
adj. 祖先的 → our true ancestral homes（29题答案同源）
Para 6
收尾定调 · 妥协方案 + 拥抱共存（30题“后扬”落点）
The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites will be returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.【译文】天文学界正在做出妥协，以改变他们对茂纳凯亚的使用方式。TMT的选址经过斟酌，尽量降低了望远镜在岛屿周边的可见度，并避免考古与环境方面的影响。为限制茂纳凯亚山上望远镜的数量，旧望远镜将在寿命期满时被拆除，其原址将被恢复到自然状态。任何人都没有理由不能在茂纳凯亚受到欢迎——既拥抱自己的文化遗产，又仰望研究星辰。▍生词短语
单词 / 短语
释义 · 考点
make compromises
做出妥协 → The astronomy community is making compromises（30题态度句）
minimize
v. 使最小化 → minimize the telescope’s visibility
archaeological
adj. 考古的 → avoid archaeological and environmental impact
at the end of one’s lifetime
寿命期满 → old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes
embrace
（熟词僻义）欣然接受；拥抱 → embrace their cultural heritage
cultural heritage
文化遗产 → embrace their cultural heritage and study the stars
her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.
✗ 陷阱
B
the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.
✓ 正确
C
the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.
✗ 陷阱
D
her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.
✗ 陷阱
STEP 1 · 找定位词题干关键词：Queen Liliuokalani’s remark ＋ Paragraph 1。→ 直接锁定 Para 1 前两句（引语及紧跟其后的展开句）。STEP 2 · 找定位句“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani ... Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.”（注意：esteemed 一词直接点出地位之高。）STEP 3 · 精读定位句两层意思：① 古夏威夷人“本身就是天文学家”——天文学是古夏威夷的固有文化；② 观星者是“最受尊敬的群体之一”——地位崇高。两句合起来：天文学在古夏威夷社会中非常重要。STEP 4 · 匹配合适选项B（正）the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society：“古夏威夷人就是天文学家 + 观星者最受尊敬”＝天文学在古夏威夷社会中的重要性，两句话的合理概括。A（诱）her conservative view on the historical role：“保守观点”凭空捏造，女王的话是对历史事实的陈述，不是立场表态——无中生有陷阱。C（诱）the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times：“Sadly...not well today”说的是今天天文学的境况，不是“古代衰落”——时间偷换陷阱。D（诱）her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time：女王写于1897年，说的是“古代”夏威夷人；“feats（功绩）”文中没提——偷换时间对象陷阱。🎯 26题小结：引语推断题＝引语 + 紧随其后的解释句一起看；时间状语（ancient / today / her time）是最常见的挖坑点答案：B第27题 · 细节定位题（茂纳凯亚为何是理想观测点）Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to _______.
A
its geographical features.
✓ 正确
B
its protective surroundings.
✗ 陷阱
C
its religious implications.
✗ 陷阱
D
its existing infrastructure.
✗ 陷阱
STEP 1 · 找定位词题干关键词：Mauna Kea ＋ ideal astronomical site（理想观测点的原因）。→ 锁定 Para 2 末句“conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity”——这正是“理想”的解释。STEP 2 · 找定位句“Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.”STEP 3 · 精读定位句“理想”的原因链条全是自然地理条件：太平洋中的火山 → 峰顶高耸于浓密大气层之上 → 观测条件绝佳、图像清晰度无与伦比。属于“从地理特征到观测效果”的因果链。STEP 4 · 匹配合适选项A（正）its geographical features：峰顶海拔、大气层厚度、太平洋位置——全是地理特征的上位概括。B（诱）its protective surroundings：“受保护的环境”文中没有，恰恰相反，生态很脆弱（Para 4 fragile ecosystems）——无中生有陷阱。C（诱）its religious implications：“被奉为 piko 的圣山”是反对者视角、是争议来源，不是“理想观测点”的科学原因——张冠李戴陷阱（原词 worship 干扰）。D（诱）its existing infrastructure：“已有强大望远镜”是事实，但题干问的是“为何理想”，原文的原因是自然条件而非既有设施——偷换因果陷阱。🎯 27题小结：因果细节题要把“原因链”完整读出来再找上位概括词（地理特征）；原词再现的选项反而要多留一个心眼答案：A第28题 · 细节定位题（反对修建TMT的原因）The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because _______.
A
it may risk ruining their intellectual life.
✗ 陷阱
B
it reminds them of a humiliating history.
✓ 正确
C
their culture will lose a chance of revival.
✗ 陷阱
D
they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.
✗ 陷阱
STEP 1 · 找定位词题干关键词：opposed ＋ partly because。→ 锁定 Para 3“Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new”整段。STEP 2 · 找定位句“A small but vocal group ... have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.”STEP 3 · 精读定位句两个并列反对理由：① 对圣地的不敬；② “painful reminder of the occupation”——让人想起曾经的占领史。曾经的主权国家被占领，这段历史对夏威夷人当然是屈辱的，望远镜的存在每天提醒着这段屈辱。STEP 4 · 匹配合适选项B（正）it reminds them of a humiliating history：“painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation”的合理改写——占领史即屈辱史。A（诱）it may risk ruining their intellectual life：“精神生活被毁”无据；望远镜恰恰是知识设施——无中生有陷阱。C（诱）their culture will lose a chance of revival：Para 4 明说文化“正在复兴（undergoing a renaissance）”，不存在“失去复兴机会”——反向陷阱。D（诱）they fear losing control of Mauna Kea：“失去控制权”文中未提——无中生有陷阱。🎯 28题小结：“partly because”提醒答案只是并列理由之一，不用找全；painful reminder → humiliating history 是典型的语义升级改写答案：B第29题 · 推理判断题（今天的天文学进步意味着什么）It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy _______.
A
is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.
✓ 正确
B
helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.
✗ 陷阱
C
may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.
✗ 陷阱
D
will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.
✗ 陷阱
STEP 1 · 找定位词题干锁定 Paragraph 5 ＋ progress in today’s astronomy。inferred 题：答案不是原句照抄，而是原句逻辑的合理引申。STEP 2 · 找定位句①“The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.” ②“astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going.”STEP 3 · 精读定位句逻辑引申链：① 当年那股好奇心把古波利尼西亚人带到了夏威夷（古夏威夷人就是靠观星航海的“天文学家”），如今同一份好奇心驱动着天文学家探索星空；② 天文学与夏威夷文化同源同求——都在回答“我们从哪里来”。→ 今天的天文学进步，正是古代夏威夷观星传统的延续与实现。STEP 4 · 匹配合适选项A（正）is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians：“同一份好奇心 + 同一串终极问题”→ 今天的天文学在延续并实现古夏威夷人的探索梦想，是①②两句的合理推断。B（诱）helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world：“向世界传播夏威夷文化”文中没有——无中生有陷阱。C（诱）may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture：原文说的是两者“共同回答”终极问题，不是天文学去“揭示夏威夷文化的起源”——偷换关系陷阱。D（诱）will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility：“最终软化敌意”是作者的希望，不是 Para 5 的推断内容——越段脑补陷阱。🎯 29题小结：推断题的答案是“逻辑的下一步”，不是“原文的复制粘贴”；the same curiosity 的呼应结构（古波利尼西亚人 ↔ 今天的天文学家）就是命题眼答案：A第30题 · 作者态度题（对选址茂纳凯亚的态度）The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of _______.
A
severe criticism.
✗ 陷阱
B
passive acceptance.
✗ 陷阱
C
slight hesitancy.
✗ 陷阱
D
full approval.
✓ 正确
STEP 1 · 找定位词题干关键词：author’s attitude ＋ choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site。态度题通览作者发声处：Para 4（让步认错）→ Para 5（反转辩护）→ Para 6（亮方案）。STEP 2 · 找定位句① “Calls to disassemble all telescopes ... ignore the reality that ...”（拆望远镜的呼声＝无视现实）；② “The TMT site was chosen to minimize visibility and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.”（选址经过周密考量）；③ “There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea.”（双重否定＝强烈肯定）。STEP 3 · 精读定位句结构是“先抑后扬”：Yet 转折之前批评天文学界（让步），转折之后全是为选址辩护——科学与文化同根、calls to disassemble “ignore the reality”、选址已尽力减小影响、结尾双重否定收束。作者对“选址茂纳凯亚”是明确支持，批评的只是天文学界过去忽视文化的做法，不是选址本身。STEP 4 · 匹配合适选项D（正）full approval：“ignore the reality”驳斥反对派 + 双重否定“no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed”——支持态度明确且饱满。A（诱）severe criticism：作者批评的是天文学界“过去的傲慢”，不是“选址决定”——对象偷换陷阱。B（诱）passive acceptance：作者主动辩护、积极呼吁共存，绝非“勉强接受”——程度与主动性误判陷阱。C（诱）slight hesitancy：“Yet”之后立场坚定，没有犹豫摇摆——无中生有陷阱。🎯 30题小结：态度题分清“批评谁”——本文批评天文学界的过往，支持选址本身；Yet / ignore / no reason why 是三大态度信号词答案：D📌 参考答案：26.B 27.A 28.B 29.A 30.D｜ 避坑心法：本篇两大套路——时间偷换（ancient / today / her time 别混）和对象偷换（批评“天文学界的过往”≠ 批评“选址”）。引语题看引语+解释句，推断题做“逻辑的下一步”，态度题抓 Yet 之后的真态度。📮 潘老师考研英语 · 微信公众号专注考研英语阅读 · 写作 · 翻译 · 完形 ｜ 每日干货 · 真题精讲 · 方法论沉淀
