25-26中考英语语法---定语从句专题精讲
GRAMMAR BREAKTHROUGH
中考英语语法专项突破 ·
定语从句专题精讲
讲透练会：考点精讲 ＋ 趣味口诀易错题型 ＋ 巩固习题（附答案解析）
通用版 · 全国适用
一、考点导航
定语从句（The Attributive Clause）是中考语法的「第二座大山」，在全国各地中考的单项选择、完形填空中几乎必考。
一句话理解定语从句：用一个句子去修饰前面的名词（先行词），这个句子就叫定语从句。
例如 I know the girl whose father is a doctor. 中，whose father is a doctor 修饰先行词 the girl。
定语从句的核心只有一个字：「选对关系词」。关系词在从句中既要「当班干活」（充当主语、宾语、定语或状语），又要「衔接先行词」。
判断三步走
① 找先行词（人 / 物 / 时间 / 地点 / 原因）② 看关系词在从句中缺什么成分③ 据此选词
二、必备考点精讲
〖必备考点 1〗关系代词：先看先行词，再看从句缺什么
关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。指人用 who / whom / that，指物用 which / that，whose 兼指人和物（＝ of whom / of which）。
【例】
The woman who had seen many palaces still missed her humble home.
见过许多宫殿的妇人依然怀念她简陋的家。
【例】
A new gadget which / that many people might buy makes a good gift.
一个很多人可能会买的新玩意儿是不错的礼物。
【例】
He is a psychologist whose research changed the field.
他是一位其研究改变了该领域的心理学家。
🎵 选词三步法
① 先行词是人还是物？② 关系词在从句中当主语、宾语还是定语？③ 缺主语 → who / which / that；缺宾语 → whom / who / which / that（可省）；缺定语 → whose。
〖必备考点 2〗关系副词：when / where / why 的判断技巧
先行词是时间、地点、原因，且关系词在从句中作状语时，分别用 when、where、why。
【例】
I still remember the day when we first met each other.
我仍然记得我们初次相遇的那一天。
【例】
This is the factory where my father has worked for ten years.
这就是我父亲工作了十年的工厂。
【例】
That's the reason why he was late for class.
那就是他上课迟到的原因。
🔎 直击重难点：where 还是 which？
换词验证法：把 when 换成 on which、where 换成 in which、why 换成 for which，句子仍然成立 → 用关系副词；如果不成立（从句缺主语或宾语），则改用关系代词。
This is the factory where my father works.（works 后不缺宾语 → where）
This is the factory which / that my father built.（built 后缺宾语 → 关系代词）
〖必备考点 3〗只能用 that 的四种情况
以下情况关系词只能用 that（指物）或 that / who（指人）：
🎵 只用 that 口诀
不定代词排头站，最高级序数词紧相连；the only、the very 一出现，关系词用 that 不用谈。
〖必备考点 4〗只能用 which 的两种情况
非限制性定语从句相当于「顺便再提一句」，删去后主句依然完整；它不能用 that 引导，也不能省略关系词。
〖必备考点 5〗介词 + 关系代词
「介词 ＋ which / whom」是定语从句的进阶考点：介词的选择取决于从句动词的固定搭配或先行词。
【例】
The pen with which I write is broken. ＝ The pen which / that I write with is broken.
我用来写字的那支钢笔坏了。
【例】
The man to whom I spoke is my teacher. ＝ The man whom / who I spoke to is my teacher.
和我说话的那个人是我的老师。
三、口诀速记大全
🎵 定语从句总口诀
定语从句不算难，先行词后把词添；人物 whose 分得清，时间 when 地点 where 见；原因 why 来把线牵，缺啥成分填啥词，含义通畅是关键。
🔎 关系词的双重身份
关系词在句中身兼两职：一头连着先行词，一头在从句里干活；它作宾语时可「请假」（省略），作主语时必须「到岗」（不可省）——省略后谓语动词别丢主语。
四、经典易错题型
◆ 题型 1 关系词「抢班夺权」陷阱 ★★★★★
【例】改错：This is the book which I bought it yesterday.
⚠ 陷阱：which 已经充当 bought 的宾语，再加 it 就「一个岗位两人占」。破解：删去 it——「关系词 ＋ 代词重复」是改错题的经典陷阱。答案：删去 it。
◆ 题型 2 the reason...because 陷阱 ★★★★
【例】改错：The reason why he was late is because he got up late.
⚠ 陷阱：the reason 与 because 语义重复（「原因是因为」）。破解：reason 后的表语从句用 that 引导。答案：because → that。
◆ 题型 3 where 与 which 混淆陷阱 ★★★★
【例】This is the museum ______ we visited last year.
A. where B. which C. in which
⚠ 陷阱：先行词是「地点」就条件反射选 where。破解：从句 we visited 缺宾语，visited 是及物动词，后面必须跟宾语 → 用 which / that。答案：B。
◆ 题型 4 whose 与 who 陷阱 ★★★
【例】改错：She is the girl who her father is a teacher.
⚠ 陷阱：先行词指人就用 who。破解：从句 her father 中缺少定语「她的」，应用 whose（＝ whose father / of whom the father）。答案：who → whose。
◆ 题型 5 「one of ＋ 复数名词」后谓语单复数陷阱 ★★★
【例】He is one of the students who ______ good at English.
A. is B. are C. was
⚠ 陷阱：看到 he is 就选 is。破解：先行词是 the students（复数），关系词 who 指代 the students，从句谓语用复数 are；若说 the only one of the students who... 则先行词是 the only one，用单数。答案：B。
◆ 题型 6 分词还是从句？——定语从句的「瘦身版」 ★★★
【例】改错：There are many students play on the playground.
⚠ 陷阱：两个谓语动词 play 和 are 挤在一个句子里。破解：play 前补 who，或改用现在分词 playing 作后置定语（＝ students who are playing）。答案：play → who play / playing。
五、巩固习题
一、关系词填空
用 who / whom / whose / which / that / when / where / why 填空
1The girl ______ you met yesterday is my sister.
2The woman ______ had seen many palaces still missed her humble home.
3I still remember the day ______ we first met each other.
4This is the factory ______ my father has worked for ten years.
5That's the reason ______ he was late for class.
6A new gadget ______ many people might buy makes a good gift.
7The share of people ______ owned their own homes kept rising.
8Suburbs ______ each house had a similar lawn became popular.
9He is a psychologist ______ prefers to do everything by himself.
10The grass courts ______ are mowed every day look beautiful.
二、「只用 that」专项
11Is there anything ______ I can do to help you?
12He was the first student ______ finished the project on time.
13She is the most careful girl ______ I have ever met.
14The only book ______ he wanted was still on the desk.
三、单项选择
15This is the museum ______ we visited last year.
A. where B. which C. in which
16Do you know the boy ______ father is a policeman?
A. who B. whose C. which
17Beijing, ______ is the capital of China, has a long history.
A. that B. which C. where
18The house ______ we live in was built 100 years ago.
A. which B. where C. what
19He is the only one of the students who ______ from the countryside.
A. come B. comes C. coming
20I'll never forget the days ______ we spent together in the village.
A. when B. which C. where
21The man ______ is talking with our teacher is Tom's father.
A. whom B. which C. who
22This is the best movie ______ I have ever seen.
A. which B. that C. who
四、单句改错
每句一处错误
23This is the book which I bought it yesterday.
24The reason why he was late is because he got up late.
25She is the girl who her father is a teacher.
26There are many students play on the playground.
27The book which written by Lu Xun is very famous.
28This is the factory where my father works in.
六、参考答案与解析
一、关系词填空
1. whom / who / that（关系词作 met 的宾语，可省略）
2. who（从句缺主语，指人）
3. when（先行词 the day，从句缺时间状语）
4. where（has worked 后无宾语，缺地点状语；也可用 in which）
5. why（the reason 后缺原因状语）
6. that / which（作 might buy 的宾语，指物）
7. who（缺主语，指人）
8. where（each house had... 缺地点状语）
9. who（缺主语，指人）
10. that / which（缺主语，指物）
二、「只用 that」专项
11. that（不定代词 anything 后）
12. that（序数词 first 后）
13. that（最高级 most careful 后）
14. that（the only 后）
三、单项选择
15. B（visited 缺宾语，不能用 where）
16. B（缺定语「谁的」，用 whose）
17. B（非限制性定语从句不能用 that）
18. A（in 已在从句末，关系词作 in 的宾语用 which；选 B 的话 in 就重复了）
19. B（the only one of... 结构中先行词是 the only one，谓语用单数）
20. B（spent 后缺宾语，是「度过的日子」而非「在那些日子里」，用 which / that）
21. C（缺主语，指人用 who；whom 只作宾语）
22. B（最高级修饰先行词，只能用 that）
四、单句改错
23. 删去 it（which 已作 bought 的宾语）
24. because → that（the reason 后的表语从句用 that 引导，避免语义重复）
25. who → whose（缺少定语「她的」）
26. play → who play / playing（一个句子不能有两个独立谓语）
27. which 后加 was（which was written，缺谓语动词）
28. 删去 in，或 where → which / that（where 不能再与介词 in 连用；也可改为 the factory in which my father works）
定语从句，一「词」定乾坤
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喜欢今天的文章，别忘了在文末右下角点个“在看”，并转发给更多人看。
声明：本文来自网络。以上图、文、视频，贵在分享，版权归原作者及原出处所有，内容为作者观点，并不代表本公众号赞同其观点和对其真实性负责。如涉及版权等问题，请及时与我们联系.
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