应用文Passage 1 · 山洪防灾与安全疏散通告

Public notice: flood response and safety advisory · 基于 AP 2026 年 10 月 11–12 日关于尼泊尔布迪甘达基河山洪的公开报道编写 · 尼泊尔 / 灾害应急 · 人与自然

📌 导读：（模拟应用文，基于公开信息编写）尼泊尔中部布迪甘达基河流域突发山洪后，当地防灾减灾办公室发布疏散与救援通告：预警系统让群众提前撤离、军队直升机投送物资、多座桥梁与水电工地损毁、部分山区道路中断。通告列明撤离、物资、路况与求助热线。

🔤 生词表：Evacuation 撤离、疏散　Relief 救济、救援（物资）　landslides 山体滑坡（复数）　hydropower 水力发电　settlements 定居点、村落　missing 失踪的　advisory 通告、 advisory

📖 阅读短文（约 150 词）

PUBLIC NOTICE — Flood Response & Safety Advisory (Effective 12 October) Following sudden flash floods in the Budhi Gandaki River basin, the Disaster Management Office advises all residents and trekkers in north-central Nepal to follow these guidelines. 1. Evacuation: More than 200 people were moved to higher ground after an early-warning system gave most families time to leave before the flood arrived. If you hear the siren, go uphill at once. 2. Relief supplies: Army helicopters and trucks are delivering food, tents, medicine and drinking water to cut-off villages. Five bridges and the construction sites of three hydropower plants were badly damaged. 3. Road status: Several mountain roads are blocked by landslides; only helicopters can reach the most remote settlements. 4. Hotline: Call 115 for rescue or to report missing persons. No deaths have been reported, but five people remain missing. Stay alert — more rainfall is expected this week.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. According to the notice, why could most people reach higher ground safely?

A. Because the flood arrived before they were warned　B. Because an early-warning system gave them time to leave first　C. Because all the bridges stayed open　D. Because the army carried everyone by helicopter

细节理解 2. What was damaged by the flood according to the notice?

A. Five bridges and three hydropower plant sites　B. Only a few tents　C. The Disaster Management Office building　D. All mountain roads, now fully open

推理判断 3. What can be inferred about the most remote villages?

A. They can now be reached only by helicopter　B. They have plenty of food stored　C. Their roads are in perfect condition　D. No one lives there anymore

记叙文Passage 2 · 洪流中紧抱草袋，她被冲出 300 米后获救

Swept 300 metres, she survived by clinging to a grass sack · 基于 AP 2026 年 10 月 8 日关于越南中部洪灾的报道编写 · 越南 / 自然灾害 · 人与自我

📌 导读：（人物/探索故事，基于公开信息编写）2026 年 10 月初，越南中部遭遇暴雨洪灾。一名不会游泳的妇女与丈夫在江边割草时小船倾覆，她紧抱草袋被急流冲出近 300 米，幸被附近居民救起；丈夫却被水流卷走失踪。故事凸显绝境中的坚韧与陌生人的援手。

🔤 生词表：torrential 倾盆的、汹涌的　battered 猛烈拍打、重创　capsized （船）倾覆、翻沉　clung 紧紧抓住（cling 的过去式）　swept 被卷走、冲走　amphibious 水陆两用的　ashore 向岸边、在岸上　fragile 脆弱的

📖 阅读短文（约 148 词）

In early October 2026, torrential rains battered central Vietnam. In the city of Da Nang, water rose above people's waists and in some places passed one metre. A woman who could not swim was gathering grass by the Truong Giang River with her husband when their small boat capsized. She clung to a sack of grass and was swept nearly 300 metres downstream before local residents pulled her ashore. Her husband was swept away by the current and remains missing. The army sent about 130 soldiers to Da Nang and prepared amphibious vehicles in case conditions worsened. 'I just held on and prayed someone would see me,' the woman later told reporters. Her survival shows how fragile life can be — and how a stranger's quick hands can pull someone back from the edge. Neighbours say the river, once a friend, has become a quiet threat this season.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What happened to the woman's husband after the boat capsized?

A. He was rescued by the army　B. He was swept away by the current and is still missing　C. He swam safely to the bank　D. He held onto the same sack of grass

词义猜测 2. The word "capsized" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.

A. turned over　B. sped up　C. were repaired　D. were rented

推理判断 3. What does the woman's quote tell us about her survival?

A. She escaped by swimming strongly　B. Holding on and hoping for help kept her alive　C. She was saved by her husband　D. She did not fear the water at all

主旨大意 4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Vietnam has the worst floods in the world　B. A woman's will to survive and strangers' help saved her from a deadly current　C. The army should not send soldiers to floods　D. Boats are useless in Vietnam

说明文Passage 3 · 太奇特！哥斯达黎加发现「金色树」珊瑚，科学家为此新建一科

Too strange for any family: a 'golden tree' coral gets its own · Phys.org / ZooKeys（Schmidt Ocean Institute 资助研究），2026 年 10 月 · 海洋科学 / 哥斯达黎加 · 人与自然

📌 导读：科学家在哥斯达黎加太平洋海山考察中发现一种亮黄色、树状的新珊瑚 Laurinque elenya。其基因与形态如此独特，以至于研究者专门建立了一个新科（Laurinqueidae）来归类。研究凸显深海仍有大量未知生命。

🔤 生词表：coral 珊瑚　seamounts 海山（海底山脉）　colonies （生物）群体、集群　brittle 脆弱的（brittle stars 海蛇尾）　expeditions 考察、远征　phylogenomics 系统发育基因组学　lineage 演化谱系、世系　genus （生物分类的）属

📖 阅读短文（约 151 词）

Scientists surveying seamounts off the coast of Costa Rica have identified a brilliant golden-yellow coral so unusual that they created an entirely new family to classify it. Named Laurinque elenya, or 'golden tree of the stars', the branching coral lives 360 to 529 metres below the Pacific surface. Some colonies grow more than a metre tall and cover rocky outcrops crowded with brittle stars. During expeditions in 2019 and 2023 aboard the research vessel Falkor, a remotely operated vehicle collected the specimens. Genetic study first confused researchers: three common genes pointed to three different families. They then turned to phylogenomics, comparing hundreds of genes at once, and placed the coral in a distinct evolutionary lineage most closely related to Eunicellidae. That difference was large enough to justify a new family, Laurinqueidae, and a new genus, Laurinque. Lead scientist Odalisca Breedy said the deep ocean still hides lineages we have not mapped.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. How deep in the ocean was the new coral found?

A. Right at the water's surface　B. 360 to 529 metres below the Pacific surface　C. More than two kilometres down　D. Inside a research vessel

词义猜测 2. The word "phylogenomics" in the passage refers to ______.

A. a method that compares hundreds of genes together　B. a kind of golden coral　C. a small underwater robot　D. a group of starfish

推理判断 3. What does the discovery suggest about the deep ocean?

A. It has been fully explored by scientists　B. It still hides many unknown forms of life　C. All its corals belong to known families　D. It is too dark for any creature

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to build a research vessel　B. A strange golden coral so unique it needed a brand-new family　C. Why starfish live on rocks　D. The tourism value of Costa Rica

说明文Passage 4 · 快乐阅读，终身受益：剑桥研究称「读什么都好」

Reading for pleasure helps wellbeing at any age · BBC News / 剑桥大学精神病学系综述，2026 年 9 月 15 日（发表于 Psychological Medicine） · 健康 / 教育 · 人与自我

📌 导读：剑桥大学学者综述指出，快乐阅读在任何年龄都能改善脑健康与心理福祉：从小快乐阅读的孩子注意力、记忆与解决问题的能力更强，55 岁以上经常阅读者认知障碍风险更低；读书会还能通过社交减少孤独。关键在于「读得开心」，题材不重要。

🔤 生词表：psychiatrists 精神科医生、精神病学学者　attention 注意力　cognitive 认知的　impairment 损伤、障碍　dementia 痴呆（症）　loneliness 孤独（感）　interaction 互动、交往　enjoyment 乐趣、享受　material 材料、素材（此处指读物）

📖 阅读短文（约 157 词）

A review by University of Cambridge psychiatrists says reading for pleasure improves brain and mental health at any age. Professor Barbara Sahakian and Dr Christelle Langley looked at studies of more than 10,000 young people and found that children who start reading for fun early tend to have better attention, memory and problem-solving skills. They also do better at school and show fewer mental health problems. The benefits do not stop in childhood. Adults aged 55 and over who read often are far less likely to develop cognitiveimpairment. Even joining a book club helps: Sahakian notes that reading groups reduce loneliness through social interaction and may lower the risk of dementia. 'It is never too late to start,' she said. The key is enjoyment rather than the material — a novel, a comic or a magazine all count. In a screen-filled world, a few quiet pages may be among the simplest ways to protect our minds.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What did the Cambridge review find about children who read for pleasure early?

A. They perform worse at school　B. They show better attention, memory and problem-solving　C. They watch more television　D. They lose interest in study

词义猜测 2. The phrase "cognitive impairment" is closest in meaning to ______.

A. a decline in thinking ability　B. a skin disease　C. a love of books　D. physical strength

推理判断 3. What can be inferred about reading clubs?

A. They mainly teach grammar　B. They help protect the mind through both reading and social contact　C. They are only for children　D. They increase the risk of dementia

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to write a novel　B. Reading for pleasure benefits the mind at every age　C. Why comics are bad for students　D. The history of Cambridge University

说明文Passage 5 · 蓄电池上电网：全球储能革命正在加速能源转型

Batteries on the grid: the storage revolution speeding the energy shift · BBC《The Climate Question》，2026 年 10 月 · 科技 / 能源 · 人与社会

📌 导读：从蒙古到得州，创纪录的锂离子电池正接入电网，把风电、光伏储存起来，让清洁能源更可靠。中国安装了其中逾一半，美欧紧随其后；价格快速下降，趋势正向发展中国家扩散。专家也在试验空气、水乃至「热沙」等替代储能方式。

🔤 生词表：lithium-ion 锂离子的　grids 电网（复数）　renewable 可再生的　emissions 排放（物）　alternatives 替代物、其他选择　steadier 更稳定的（steady 比较级）　affordably 可负担地、划算地　crisis 危机

📖 阅读短文（约 150 词）

Around the world, record numbers of lithium-ion batteries are being added to electricity grids. From Mongolia to Texas, giant battery farms store power from wind and solar, making clean energy more reliable. China is installing more than half of these new batteries, followed by the United States and Europe. Because prices are falling fast, the shift to renewable energy is speeding up and may soon reach developing countries. Yet experts ask whether batteries can grow quickly enough to meet climate goals and cut emissions. Some engineers are testing alternatives to lithium-ion technology, such as storing energy in air, water, or even heated sand that releases warmth in winter. Batteries alone will not solve the crisis, but they have become a key bridge toward a cleaner, steadier power supply. As one researcher put it, the real question is not whether to store energy, but how to do it affordably at scale.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. Which country is installing the most new grid-scale batteries?

A. China　B. India　C. Brazil　D. South Africa

词义猜测 2. The word "alternatives" in the passage refers to ______.

A. other possible options　B. large batteries only　C. coal power plants　D. electric wires

推理判断 3. What can be inferred about the cost of batteries?

A. They are becoming cheaper and spreading worldwide　B. They will soon disappear from the market　C. Only rich countries can afford them　D. Their price keeps rising sharply

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Why coal is the best energy source　B. Grid batteries make renewables reliable, with new storage ideas emerging　C. How to build a wind turbine　D. The history of Texas

议论文Passage 6 · 议会否决纾困法案后，西班牙爆发万人住房示威

After parliament rejects relief, Spain sees mass housing protests · Al Jazeera，2026 年 10 月 3 日 · 社会 / 欧洲 · 人与社会

📌 导读：西班牙议会否决两项廉租纾困法令后，马德里等全国约 50 城爆发大规模示威，要求可负担住房与总罢工。运动由一名 87 岁老人被驱逐点燃；执政的左翼联盟指责反对派阻挠，反对派则称法案会收紧市场。文章呈现多方立场与「民意与政党的错位」之争。

🔤 生词表：rallied 集会、示威　decrees 法令、政令　affordable 负担得起的　pensioner 领取养老金者、老人　evicted 被驱逐（出住房）　tenants 租客、房客　minority 少数派的　tighten 收紧、使更紧张

📖 阅读短文（约 171 词）

Tens of thousands of Spaniards rallied across the country this month after parliament rejected two emergency housing decrees. In Madrid and about 50 other cities, protesters demanded affordable homes and called for a general strike. The movement began when an 87-year-old pensioner was evicted from her flat, prompting hundreds to pitch tents in the capital. Supporters say the crisis shows how ordinary families can no longer keep up with rising rents. 'It proves that we, the people, must adapt to the parties, not the other way round,' one protester told reporters. The Tenants' Union argued that 'eight days of people's power can achieve more than eight years of government'. Yet opposition parties disagree. The right-wing PP and the far-right Vox, joined by a Catalan separatist party, voted down the measures, arguing they would tighten the housing market. Prime Minister Sánchez's minority left-wing government now faces a deepening divide between citizens on the street and politicians in the chamber. Many ask whether real change will come from ballots or from the streets.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What event is said to have sparked the protest movement?

A. The election of a new prime minister　B. The eviction of an 87-year-old pensioner　C. A football match in Madrid　D. A flood in the capital

推理判断 2. Why did the PP, Vox and the Catalan party oppose the decrees?

A. They wanted rents to rise even higher　B. They argued the measures would tighten the housing market　C. They supported the protesters' tents　D. They owned the rented flats

观点态度 3. What is the author's attitude toward the protests?

A. Fully against the demonstrators as lawless　B. Strongly in favour of the government's decrees　C. Objective, yet clearly giving voice to ordinary tenants and noting the gap between people and politicians　D. Completely indifferent to housing issues

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Why Spain loves football　B. Mass housing protests after parliament rejects relief, revealing a clash between citizens and politicians　C. How to become a landlord　D. The history of Catalan separatism

📑 参考答案与解析

Passage 1 · 山洪防灾与安全疏散通告

1. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「an early-warning system gave most families time to leave before the flood arrived」可知预警系统让多数家庭在洪水到来前撤离，故选 B。A 与文意相反（是先预警再撤离）；C「桥梁都畅通」、D「军队用直升机接走所有人」均与文中「桥梁损毁、直升机只送偏远村落」矛盾。

定位：More than 200 people were moved to higher ground after an early-warning system gave most families time to leave before the flood arrived.

2. 答案：A　细节理解题。由「Five bridges and the construction sites of three hydropower plants were badly damaged」可知 5 座桥与 3 处水电工地受损，故选 A。B、C 文中未提；D「所有山路畅通」与「道路被滑坡阻断」相反。

定位：Five bridges and the construction sites of three hydropower plants were badly damaged.

3. 答案：A　推理判断题。由「Several mountain roads are blocked by landslides; only helicopters can reach the most remote settlements」可推知偏远村落目前只能靠直升机抵达，故选 A。B「存粮充足」、C「路况完好」、D「无人居住」均在文中无依据或与「道路阻断」矛盾。

定位：Several mountain roads are blocked by landslides; only helicopters can reach the most remote settlements.

Passage 2 · 洪流中紧抱草袋，她被冲出 300 米后获救

1. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「Her husband was swept away by the current and remains missing」可知丈夫被急流卷走、至今失踪，故选 B。A「被军队救起」、C「游上岸」、D「抓同一草袋」均属张冠李戴，文中未提及。

定位：Her husband was swept away by the current and remains missing.

2. 答案：A　词义猜测题。上文说小船 capsized 后她「紧抱草袋被冲出 300 米」，结合船在江中、人落水的语境，capsized 意为「倾覆、翻沉」，与 turned over 同义，故选 A。B「加速」、C「被修理」、D「被租借」均与翻船落水语境不符。

定位：their small boat capsized. She clung to a sack of grass and was swept nearly 300 metres downstream

3. 答案：B　推理判断题。由「I just held on and prayed someone would see me」可推知她靠紧抱草袋不松手、并盼望被人发现而撑到了获救，故选 B。A「靠游泳逃生」与「不会游泳」矛盾；C「被丈夫救起」与丈夫失踪相反；D「毫不害怕」文中无据。

定位：'I just held on and prayed someone would see me,' the woman later told reporters.

4. 答案：B　主旨大意题。全文讲不会游泳的她在翻船后被冲出 300 米、靠坚持与居民援手生还，B 最全面。A 夸大比较、C 与文中派兵救人相反、D 以偏概全，均错。

定位：Her survival shows how fragile life can be — and how a stranger's quick hands can pull someone back from the edge.

Passage 3 · 太奇特！哥斯达黎加发现「金色树」珊瑚，科学家为此新建一科

1. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「the branching coral lives 360 to 529 metres below the Pacific surface」可知其生活在太平洋水面下 360 至 529 米处，故选 B。A、C、D 均为无中生有或张冠李戴。

定位：the branching coral lives 360 to 529 metres below the Pacific surface.

2. 答案：A　词义猜测题。由「They then turned to phylogenomics, comparing hundreds of genes at once」可知这是一种「一次性比较数百个基因」的方法，故选 A。B「一种金色珊瑚」、C「水下机器人」、D「一群海星」均与「比较数百基因」的定义不符。

定位：They then turned to phylogenomics, comparing hundreds of genes at once, and placed the coral in a distinct evolutionary lineage

3. 答案：B　推理判断题。末句「the deep ocean still hides lineages we have not mapped」直接表明深海仍藏有人类未绘制的谱系，可推知仍有大量未知生命，故选 B。A「已被完全探索」、C「所有珊瑚都属已知科」与「新建一科」矛盾；D「太暗无生物」与文中繁茂生态相反。

定位：Lead scientist Odalisca Breedy said the deep ocean still hides lineages we have not mapped.

4. 答案：B　主旨大意题。全文围绕一种奇特到需要新建一科的「金色树」珊瑚展开，B 最准确。A、C、D 均属无中生有或过度细化。

定位：Scientists surveying seamounts off the coast of Costa Rica have identified a brilliant golden-yellow coral so unusual that they created an entirely new family to classify it.

Passage 4 · 快乐阅读，终身受益：剑桥研究称「读什么都好」

1. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「children who start reading for fun early tend to have better attention, memory and problem-solving skills」可知早期快乐阅读的孩子注意力、记忆与解决问题能力更强，故选 B。A、C、D 均与文意相反或无依据。

定位：children who start reading for fun early tend to have better attention, memory and problem-solving skills.

2. 答案：A　词义猜测题。由「Adults aged 55 and over who read often are far less likely to develop cognitive impairment」及前文「改善脑健康」语境可推知，cognitive impairment 指「认知能力下降/障碍」，与 a decline in thinking ability 同义，故选 A。B、C、D 均属偷换概念。

定位：Adults aged 55 and over who read often are far less likely to develop cognitive impairment.

3. 答案：B　推理判断题。由「reading groups reduce loneliness through social interaction and may lower the risk of dementia」可推知读书会既通过阅读也通过社交互动护脑，故选 B。A「只教语法」、C「仅限儿童」、D「增加痴呆风险」均与文意相反（文中说降低风险）。

定位：Sahakian notes that reading groups reduce loneliness through social interaction and may lower the risk of dementia.

4. 答案：B　主旨大意题。全文讲快乐阅读在各年龄段对脑与心理的益处，B 最贴切。A、C、D 均属无中生有或片面。

定位：A review by University of Cambridge psychiatrists says reading for pleasure improves brain and mental health at any age.

Passage 5 · 蓄电池上电网：全球储能革命正在加速能源转型

1. 答案：A　细节理解题。由「China is installing more than half of these new batteries, followed by the United States and Europe」可知中国安装量超过一半、居首，故选 A。B、C、D 文中均未提及。

定位：China is installing more than half of these new batteries, followed by the United States and Europe.

2. 答案：A　词义猜测题。由「Some engineers are testing alternatives to lithium-ion technology, such as storing energy in air, water, or even heated sand」可知 alternatives 指锂离子技术之外的「其他替代方案」，与 other possible options 同义，故选 A。B「仅指大电池」、C「煤电厂」、D「电线」均错。

定位：Some engineers are testing alternatives to lithium-ion technology, such as storing energy in air, water, or even heated sand

3. 答案：A　推理判断题。由「Because prices are falling fast ... may soon reach developing countries」可推知电池价格快速下降、并正向全球扩散，故选 A。B「将消失」、C「仅富国买得起」、D「价格猛涨」均与「价格下降、向发展中国家扩散」相反。

定位：Because prices are falling fast, the shift to renewable energy is speeding up and may soon reach developing countries.

4. 答案：B　主旨大意题。全文讲电网级电池让风光发电更可靠、成本下降并催生空气/水/热沙等新储能思路，B 最全面。A「煤炭最好」与文意相反；C、D 均为无中生有。

定位：giant battery farms store power from wind and solar, making clean energy more reliable.

Passage 6 · 议会否决纾困法案后，西班牙爆发万人住房示威

1. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「The movement began when an 87-year-old pensioner was evicted from her flat」可知运动由一名 87 岁老人被驱逐点燃，故选 B。A、C、D 均属张冠李戴，文中未提及。

定位：The movement began when an 87-year-old pensioner was evicted from her flat, prompting hundreds to pitch tents in the capital.

2. 答案：B　推理判断题。由「voted down the measures, arguing they would tighten the housing market」可知反对党认为法案会收紧住房市场，故选 B。A「希望租金更高」、C「支持搭帐篷」、D「拥有出租房」均属无中生有或曲解。

定位：The right-wing PP and the far-right Vox, joined by a Catalan separatist party, voted down the measures, arguing they would tighten the housing market.

3. 答案：C　观点态度题。作者先引示威者与房客联盟的口号（为民众发声），再客观呈现 PP/Vox 等反对党的理由，末句以「街头民众与议会政客之间裂痕加深」点题，整体客观且明显同情普通租客、点出民意与政党的错位，故选 C。A「完全反对示威」、B「强力挺政府」都把文中某方立场误当作者态度；D「漠不关心」与文末升华矛盾。高考态度题最忌把某方观点当成作者态度。

定位：Prime Minister Sánchez's minority left-wing government now faces a deepening divide between citizens on the street and politicians in the chamber.

4. 答案：B　主旨大意题。全文讲议会否决住房纾困后西班牙爆发全国示威，折射民众与政客对立，B 最准确。A、C、D 均属无中生有或过度细化。

定位：Tens of thousands of Spaniards rallied across the country this month after parliament rejected two emergency housing decrees.