📖 前言
同学们,欧·亨利的短篇《麦琪的礼物》是广州九年级非常经典的阅读篇目,也是中考阅读理解、故事类写作常考素材。短文里面集合了定语从句、一般过去时、不定式表目的、被动语态、介词后接动名词超多核心考点。今天我们逐词、逐句拆解这篇 The Gifts,吃透里面所有知识点,阅读拿高分,作文直接套用高分句型!
🔤 Part 1 重点单词详解(词义 + 变形 + 考点 + 例句)
1. afford /əˈfɔːd/ v. 负担得起;买得起
✅变形:三单affords;过去式&过去分词 afforded
✅核心考点:can/could afford to do sth. 能够负担做某事
⚠️⚠️重点提醒:afford后面只能接to do,绝对不能接doing,选择题高频陷阱!
✅例句:I can’t afford to buy that expensive watch. 我买不起那块昂贵的手表。
2. possession /pəˈzeʃn/ n. 所有物;财产;拥有
✅变形:possess v. 拥有;possessive adj. 所有的
✅考点:复数 possessions,多指珍贵私人物品、财宝(本文 two possessions 两件珍宝)
✅搭配:be in possession of… 拥有……
✅例句:These old paintings are his most valuable possessions. 这些古画是他最珍贵的财物。
3. proud /praʊd/ adj. 自豪的;骄傲的
✅变形:pride n. 自豪;proudly adv. 自豪地
✅✅中考同义转换:be proud of = take pride in 为……感到骄傲(必考!)
✅例句:We are proud of our school. = We take pride in our school. 我们为学校感到自豪。
4. pass /pɑːs/ v. 通过;传递;传承
✅变形:passed(过去式、过去分词)
⚠️易混辨析:pass(动词) vs past(介词,超过)
✅短语:pass down 世代相传,代代传承
✅例句:This old gold watch was passed down from his grandfather. 这块古老的金表是他爷爷传下来的。
5. cash /kæʃ/ n. 现金 v. 兑现支票
✅辨析:cash现金;coin硬币;banknote纸币
✅例句:I don’t have any cash with me. 我身上一点现金都没有。
6. reach /riːtʃ/ v. 伸手;到达;抵达
✅变形:reaches;reached;reached
✅短语:reach for sth. 伸手去拿某物
✅✅中考三大“到达”辨析
• reach + 地点(及物动词,直接加地点)
• arrive at +小地点 / arrive in +大地点
• get to +地点
✅例句:She reached for the scissors on the table. 她伸手去拿桌上的剪刀。
7. search /sɜːtʃ/ v. & n. 搜寻,查找
✅变形:searches;searched;searched
✅短语区分(完形填空高频)
1. search + 地点:搜寻某个地方
2. search for +物品:寻找某物
3. search through:仔细翻遍、到处搜寻(原文短语)
✅例句:Della searched through all the shops to find a nice gift for Jim. 德拉逛遍全部店铺,为吉姆挑选一份精美的礼物。
8. display /dɪˈspleɪ/ v. 展示;陈列 n. 展览
✅变形:displayed
✅短语:on display 展出中;display shelf 展示架
✅例句:Lots of new watches are on display in this shop. 这家店里展出很多新款手表。
9. expression /ɪkˈspreʃn/ n. 表情;表达;词句
✅变形:express v. 表达;expressive adj. 富有表现力的
✅例句:There was a strange expression on Jim’s face. 吉姆脸上露出一种奇怪的神情。
10. draw /drɔː/ v. 掏出;抽出;画画;拉
✅⚠️中考不规则动词重点 draw – drew – drawn(原文drew是draw过去式!默写常考)
✅短语:draw sth. from… 从……掏出某物
✅例句:Jim drew a small box out of his pocket. 吉姆从口袋掏出一个小盒子。
11. obey /əˈbeɪ/ v. 服从;听从;遵守
✅变形:obeys;obeyed;obeyed;反义词 disobey v. 不服从
✅考点:obey sb./obey rules 听从某人 / 遵守规则
✅例句:We should obey the school rules. 我们应当遵守校规。
12. set /set/ n. 一套,一组 v. 设置
✅变形:set – set – set(不规则,原形过去式同形)
✅短语:a set of 一套
✅例句:a set of combs 一套梳子
📚 Part 2 重点短语|原文短语 + 造句(写作直接背诵)
1. three times 三次(次数前置,用来加强语气)
造句:I read this famous story three times. 我把这个名篇读了三遍。
2. be proud of 为……感到自豪
造句:Parents are proud of their children’s progress. 父母都为孩子的进步感到自豪。
3. pass down 传承,代代相传
造句:This story is passed down from old times. 这个故事从很久之前一直流传下来。
4. go out of the door 走出大门、出门
造句:She went out of the door to buy some food. 她出门去买一些食物。
5. have no choice 别无选择
👉拓展中考高频短语 have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择,只能做某事
造句:She had no choice but to sell her long hair. 她别无选择,只能卖掉长发。
6. a pair of scissors 一把剪刀
✅考点:scissors永远用复数;同类单词 trousers裤子,glasses眼镜
造句:I need a pair of scissors to cut the paper. 我需要一把剪刀剪纸。
7. look for 寻找(强调寻找的动作)
✅辨析:find 找到(强调最终结果)
造句:He is looking for his lost pen. 他正在寻找丢失的钢笔。
8. be fixed on 紧紧盯着
✅动词短语:fix one’s eyes on… 目光紧紧锁定在……
造句:The kid’s eyes were fixed on the lovely cat. 小孩的眼睛紧紧盯着那只可爱的小猫。
9. all over town 全城
拓展 all over the world 全世界
造句:People all over town know this warm story. 全城的人都知道这个温暖的故事。
10. instead of 代替;而不是(重中之重语法短语)
✅考点:of是介词,后面接动词,动词一定要变成doing动名词形式
造句:Instead of watching TV, she read books. 她没有看电视,而是看书。
🧾 Part 3 全文语法精细讲解【本篇最大重点|广州中考核心考点】
✅本篇一共出现9大语法,定语从句、一般过去时、不定式表目的、一般过去时被动语态、介词+动名词5个是最高频考点!
✅语法① 定语从句(that / which 引导|广州中考必考大题)
✅什么是定语从句?
定语 = 修饰名词。定语从句就是用一整个句子放在名词后面,修饰前面这个名词(先行词)。
先行词是事物的时候,引导词可以用 that 或者 which。引导词在从句当中充当主语或者宾语。
👉原文句1:Jim and Della had two possessions which they were both proud of.
✅先行词:two possessions(两件宝贝,事物)
✅which指代 two possessions,在从句里面作of的宾语 → they were both proud of the two possessions
✅翻译:吉姆和德拉拥有两件他们都引以为傲的宝贝。
👉原文句2:One was Jim’s gold watch that was passed down from his father and his grandfather.
✅先行词:Jim’s gold watch(金表,物品)
✅that指代gold watch,在从句里面充当主语。从句同时叠加了被动语态 was passed down
✅翻译:一件就是吉姆那块由他父亲、祖父一代代传下来的金表。
👉原文句3:There lay the set of combs that she had always wanted.
✅先行词:the set of combs 一套梳子
✅that指代combs,作wanted的宾语:she had always wanted the set of combs
✅翻译:里面放着她一直梦寐以求的那套梳子。
👉原文句4:there was an expression in them that she could not read.
✅先行词:expression 神情
✅that指代expression:she could not read the expression
✅翻译:他眼中有一种她读不懂的神情。
💡👉定语从句做题口诀:找先行词,判断是人还是物;看引导词在从句做主语还是宾语
先行词是物 → that / which;先行词是人 → that / who
✅语法② 一般过去时(全文主体时态,故事记叙文必考时态)
✅用法:描述过去发生的动作、故事,整篇文章记叙过去发生的事,全部动词改为过去式。
✅规则变化动词:直接加-ed:count-counted;search-searched;open-opened
✅⚠️本文不规则动词(默写必背清单)
put — put
go — went
stop — stopped
say — said
find — found
hear — heard
draw — drew
hold — held
sit — sat
fall — fell
💡考点提醒:记叙文,整篇故事的主时态一般都是一般过去时,短文填空、作文最常考。
✅语法③ 动词不定式 to do 表目的(目的状语,中考高频)
✅含义:to do放在句子后面,表示前面动作的目的,为了去做……
👉原文句子:I sold my hair to buy you a Christmas present.
✅翻译:我卖掉头发,(目的)是为了给你买一份圣诞礼物。
✅同义替换:in order to +动词原形(为了),作文高分替换句型
✅拓展例句:She got up early to catch the bus. 她早起,是为了赶上公交车。
⚠️区分:to do表目的,to后面一定是动词原形,不能加ing
✅语法④ 一般过去时的被动语态 was / were + done
✅被动语态含义:主语不是动作发出者,而是动作的承受者,“某物被……”
✅结构:一般过去时被动 = was / were + 动词过去分词
👉原文:Jim’s gold watch that was passed down from his father and his grandfather.
✅主语gold watch金表,金表不能够自己传承自己,金表是被长辈传承下来,所以要用被动语态 was passed down
✅was 对应单数gold watch;如果主语是复数,就用were + done
✅例句:The house was built 100 years ago. 这座房子是一百年前建造的(房子被建造)。
💡主动语态 vs 被动语态简单区分:主动:人做某事;被动:某物被人做。
✅语法⑤ 介词 + 动名词(instead of + doing,选择题超级高频陷阱)
✅核心规则:所有介词(of / at / about / for / to 等)后面,如果要接动词,动词必须变成doing动名词形式
👉原文句子:Instead of obeying, Jim sat down, put his hands behind his head and smiled.
✅instead of 里面of是介词,后面动词obey → 变形obeying
❌错误写法:instead of obey(考试经常挖坑选项!)
✅同类中考必考短语(全部介词后面+doing,一起背)
be good at doing 擅长做
look forward to doing 期待做
practise doing 练习做
enjoy doing 喜欢做
✅语法⑥ There + 动词 完全倒装句(阅读理解看懂即可,作文加分句型)
👉原文句子:There lay the set of combs that she had always wanted.
✅正常语序:The set of combs lay there.
✅语法讲解:there放句首,谓语动词提前放到主语前面,属于文学性倒装,用来增强画面描写感,属于欧亨利原文的写作手法。
✅同类简单例句:There stands a big tree. 那里矗立着一棵大树。
✅语法⑦ so 引导结果状语从句
✅用法:so “所以”,连接两个句子,前面是原因,后面是造成的结果
👉原文:She could not afford a present, so she sat down and cried.
✅翻译:她买不起礼物,所以她坐下来哭了。
⚠️⚠️考点:because 和 so 不能同时出现在一句话里面(中文因为所以,英文二选一)
✅语法⑧ and 并列连词,并列谓语、并列句子
✅and 和、并且,可以连接名词、动词、分句,表示顺承关系
👉原文:It was all she had in her wallet, and the next day would be Christmas.
✅翻译:这就是她钱包里面全部的钱,并且第二天就是圣诞节了。
✅并列谓语例句:She put on her jacket, her scarf and her hat. 她穿上外套,围上围巾戴上帽子。(并列多个名词)
✅语法⑨ 不定式后置定语 to do / for sb.
✅to do放在名词后面修饰名词,表示“用来……的”
✅原文 a present for Jim 送给Jim的礼物;the watch chain on a display shelf 陈列架上的表链(介词短语后置修饰名词)
✍️ Part4 文章主旨 + 作文金句摘抄(直接用到故事类英语作文)
💡主旨:Jim和Della都卖掉自己最珍贵的宝物,只为给对方准备圣诞礼物。礼物虽然最后失去使用价值,但承载了两人无私真挚的爱情。The real gift is love. 真正的礼物是爱。
✅高分好句背诵
1. She had no choice — she needed the cash. 她别无选择,她急需这笔现金。
2. His eyes were fixed on Della, and there was an expression in them that she could not read.
他紧紧盯着德拉,眼中带着一种她无法读懂的神情。
3. I hunted all over town to find it. 我跑遍全城才找到了它。
📌文末结语
这篇短文几乎集齐九年级大半核心语法,定语从句、被动语态、instead of + doing、to do表目的都是广州中考的必考点。把这篇吃透,阅读、短文填空、作文都可以用上里面好词好句。
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