今天给大家介绍一篇中考同源阅读，说的是中国铁路迎中秋国庆出行高峰：周三起16天预计发送约2.84亿人次，10月1日最忙，12306已卖出9621万张票，京沪穗最热，夜间高铁和动卧加开。题材属课标“社会生活—交通出行”，词数179、蓝思值约800L，偏AB篇，已配阅读5题、完形10空和中考超纲词预习单，基础班主练、提高班可加一题拉区分。
语篇分析
【What】 中秋国庆假期铁路运输周三启动，持续16天，预计发送旅客约2.84亿人次。10月1日为客流最高峰，每天约1.3万列旅客列车运行。截至周三8时，12306已售出9621万张车票，北京、上海、广州最热门。铁路部门加开列车和车厢，繁忙线路每日最多增开700列夜间高铁，9月23日至10月12日开行高铁动卧，含北京至香港线路。
【Why】 文章落在课标“社会生活—交通出行”主题语境，用数据说明假期铁路运输的规模与应对。真正要证明的一点是：面对短途与长途叠加的集中出行，运力靠加车、加车厢和夜间动卧来补，而旅客能否顺利成行，还取决于是否用12306候补并提前到站。后文主旨与推断题会踩住“运力加码+购票方式”这一支点。
【How】 体裁为新闻说明，段间按“总起高峰—需求与运力应对—购票提醒”推进，数字密集：2.84亿、9621万、1.3万列、700列、9月23日至10月12日。人物身份多为旅客与铁路部门，对比处集中在短途中秋与长途国庆、10月2日至5日较易购票与最忙日仍有座位，这些地方容易成为细节干扰项。
Holiday Travel Rush: China's Railways Expect 284 Million Trips
China's railways are getting ready for a very busy time. The Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holiday travel rush started on Wednesday. During these 16 days, trains will carry about 284 million passengers. The busiest day will be October 1. About 13,000 passenger trains will run every day.
Many people want to travel. By 8 am on Wednesday, people had already bought 96.21 million tickets on the official 12306 platform. Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou are the most popular cities. Some people take short trips for the Mid-Autumn Festival. Others take longer trips for National Day. To help everyone, the railway group will add more trains and carriages. It will also run up to 700 extra overnight(过夜的) high-speed trains each day on busy routes(路线). From September 23 to October 12, there will be daily high-speed sleeper(卧铺) trains, including between Beijing and Hong Kong.
Tickets are still easy to get for travel from October 2 to 5. Some seats are also available during the busiest days. The railway group tells travelers to book on 12306. If tickets are sold out, people can use the waitlist function. Travelers should also arrive early at busy stations.
这篇语篇，可以怎么命题？
(1) How many passengers are expected to travel by train during the 16-day holiday period?
A. About 96 million.
B. About 284 million.
C. About 700 million.
D. About 13 million.
(2) What is the main idea of the first paragraph?
A. The railway group will add more trains during the holiday.
B. Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou are popular cities for travelers.
C. China's railways are preparing for a record-breaking holiday travel rush.
D. The busiest travel day will be October 1.
(3) What can we learn about the high-speed sleeper trains from the passage?
A. They will only run between Beijing and Hong Kong.
B. They will operate for about three weeks around the holiday.
C. They will replace all the overnight high-speed trains.
D. They will only be available on October 1.
(4) What is the railway group's attitude towards travelers during the holiday rush?
A. Worried that too many people will travel.
B. Confident that no problems will happen.
C. Supportive and offering helpful advice.
D. Uninterested in whether people travel or not.
(5) Which of the following is TRUE about ticket availability according to the passage?
A. All tickets were sold out by Wednesday morning.
B. Tickets are easiest to get on September 30 and October 1.
C. Travelers can only buy tickets at the station.
D. Tickets for October 2 to 5 are still fairly easy to buy.
这组题为什么这样设计？
这组阅读题按“理解具体信息—主旨—推断—观点态度—词义/指代”五技铺开，不把细节挤在一处反复刷，老师拿去组卷能一次覆盖学生获取数字信息、抓段落中心、由已知推未知、判断作者/机构态度以及利用上下文推断词义这五项能力。
这组题真正要测的是学生能否在数字密集的新闻说明里分清总量与已售、中心与例证、已知与推断，以及能否从服务性措辞里读出机构态度。老师把它组进“社会生活—交通出行”主题时，既能用基础题稳住信息获取，又能借推断和态度题拉开区分，不必担心偏题或超纲，测出的能力缺口正好对应中考阅读的高频失分点。
完型填空题目改编（10道）
China's railways are getting ready for a very busy time. The Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holiday travel rush 1 on Wednesday. During these 16 days, trains will 2 about 284 million passengers. The busiest day will be October 1. About 13,000 passenger trains will 3 every day.
Many people want to travel. By 8 am on Wednesday, people had already bought 96.21 million tickets on the 4 12306 platform. Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou are the most 5 cities. Some people take short trips for the Mid-Autumn Festival. Others take longer trips for National Day. To help everyone, the railway group will 6 more trains and carriages. It will also run up to 700 7 overnight high-speed trains each day on busy routes. From September 23 to October 12, there will be daily high-speed sleeper trains, 8 between Beijing and Hong Kong.
Tickets are still 9 to get for travel from October 2 to 5. Some seats are also available during the busiest days. The railway group tells travelers to book on 12306. If tickets are 10 out, people can use the waitlist function. Travelers should also arrive early at busy stations.
1. A. ended B. continued C. finished D. began
2. A. take B. carry C. bring D. send
3. A. run B. take C. leave D. come
4. A. famous B. modern C. private D. official
5. A. busy B. beautiful C. popular D. expensive
6. A. buy B. add C. drive D. borrow
7. A. few B. extra C. fast D. daily
8. A. flying B. moving C. running D. returning
9. A. hard B. difficult C. easy D. possible
10. A. sold B. taken C. given D. put
本篇文章完型填空的命题特点
语篇按开篇习性、转折治理、由物及人三层推进。开篇以出行高峰启动、运力承载与列车开行构成句内搭配与语法约束层，选项多能构成常见短语，但需服从时间起点与客运统计的客观主语；转折段由需求转向治理，空落在句际逻辑与跨句复现层，短途与长途、最忙日与较易购票日形成对比，受益对象与运力加码互为证据，from A to B 的升降关系约束方向；收束由物及人，购票方式与到站提醒收拢主题，情感基调保持中性务实。整体以语篇约束恢复信息，而非单句语法填空。
能测出学生空上看选项、近义方向不核对数据、把搭配当充分条件等缺口。学生若只凭单句顺读，会在受益对象、运力升降与购票提醒之间失去语篇锚点。教师可将其与同源阅读配套印发，用同一主题的新闻说明检验学生在数据密集语境下恢复信息的能力，使阅读与完形互为证据。
文章中文翻译
假期出行高峰：中国铁路预计发送旅客2.84亿人次
中国铁路正在为一段非常忙碌的时期做准备。中秋和国庆假期出行高峰于周三开始。在这16天里，列车将运送约2.84亿名旅客。最繁忙的一天将是10月1日。每天大约有1.3万列旅客列车运行。
许多人想要出行。截至周三上午8点，人们已经在官方12306平台上购买了9621万张车票。北京、上海和广州是最受欢迎的城市。有些人中秋短途出行，另一些人国庆长途旅行。为了帮助大家，铁路集团将增加列车和车厢。它还将在繁忙线路上每天增开多达700列夜间高铁。从9月23日到10月12日，每天都会有高铁动卧列车，包括北京和香港之间的线路。
10月2日至5日出行的车票仍然比较容易买到。在最繁忙的日子里，也还有一些座位。铁路集团提醒旅客通过12306订票。如果车票售完，人们可以使用候补功能。旅客还应提前到达繁忙的车站。
中考超纲词
这份词表里的词，不必个个都提前讲。真正影响本文信息理解的，我建议盯住这几个：route、sleeper、available、function，还有 official。其他像 national、million、ticket 这类，学生大概率已见过，放回句子里确认一下就行。
/ˈnæʃ(ə)nəl/ | ||
/ˈmɪljən/ | ||
/ˈtɪkɪt/ | ||
/əˈfɪʃ(ə)l/ | ||
/ˈplætfɔːm/ | ||
/ˌʃæŋˈhaɪ/ | ||
/ˈkærɪdʒ/ | ||
/ˈekstrə/ | ||
/ˌəʊvəˈnaɪt/ | ||
/ruːt/ | ||
/ˈsliːpə(r)/ | ||
/əˈveɪləb(ə)l/ | ||
/ˈtrævələ/ | ||
/ˈfʌŋkʃ(ə)n/ |
超纲词名师点评
我是许乃夫老师，前新东方功勋教师，教了二十多年英语，习惯把词放回声音、词形、意义和上下文里讲。这篇铁路假期出行的材料，最值得在课上花时间的是 route、sleeper、available、function 这几个词——它们直接关系到学生能不能读懂「运力怎么加、票怎么买」这条主线。
先看 route 和 sleeper。原文说将在繁忙 routes 上每天增开多达 700 列 overnight high-speed trains，又说 9 月 23 日到 10 月 12 日每天开行 high-speed sleeper trains，包括北京到香港。route 是「路线」，学生容易只记成地图上的一条线，但在这里它指的是铁路部门安排运力的具体线路，哪个方向忙，就在哪儿加车。sleeper 更值得点一下：它不是「睡觉的人」，而是「卧铺」。学生如果只背词典第一个义项，看到 high-speed sleeper trains 会卡住；放回「北京到香港」这个语境，就能猜出是能躺着过夜的高铁。
再看 available 和 function。Tickets are still easy to get 后面紧跟 Some seats are also available during the busiest days，available 在这里不是「有空的」，而是「仍可买到的、还有余票的」。function 出现在 waitlist function 里，不是数学里的「函数」，而是 12306 上的「候补功能」。这两个词都属于熟词僻义，学生认识词形，但意思对不上，阅读就会慢半拍。
official 也顺带提一句。official 12306 platform 里的 official 是「官方的」，和后面 railway group tells travelers to book on 12306 形成呼应——买票要走官方渠道。这个词本身不难，但它是理解「为什么反复强调 12306」的一个小支点。
老师课上可以这样做：先让学生读句子猜 route、sleeper、available、function 的意思，再回到原文验证，最后跟读音频，把词放回句子里记。学生自己复习时，也可以在单词小超市里听音、自检、听写，配合本篇预习单和语境跟读材料，把这些词真正用起来。
