(四)一般将来时
1. 结构
1)will + 动词原形(shall 只用于I / we)
肯定:主语 + will + 动词原形
I will visit my grandma tomorrow.
否定:主语 + will not (won’t) + 动词原形
They won’t come to the party.
一般疑问:Will + 主语 + 动词原形?
Will you help me?— Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.
特殊疑问:疑问词 + will + 主语 + 动词原形?
Where will you go this summer?
2)will 的用法:
① 临时决定、当场做出的选择;② 预测(没有迹象);③ 承诺、意愿
3)be going to + 动词原形(be 随主语变型 am/is/are)
肯定:主语 + am/is/are going to + 动词原形
She is going to have a picnic.
否定:主语 + am/is/are not going to + 动词原形
We aren’t going to buy a new bike.
一般疑问:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?
Are they going to play football?
4)be going to 用法:
① 事先计划、打算好要做的事;
② 根据现有迹象推测即将发生(乌云密布要下雨)
5)辨析
核心区别 | will | be going to |
临时决定(说话当下当场做出,之前无计划) | — I’m thirsty. — I will buyyou some water. | 不适用 |
事先计划(早就安排、提前准备过) | 不适用 | I am going to visitmy teacher this Sunday.(早已安排) |
单纯主观预测(无现场迹象,凭感觉猜想未来) | I think it will raintomorrow. | 不适用 |
依据迹象推测(有眼前证据、看得见的征兆) | 不适用 | Look at the dark clouds! It is going to rain. |
承诺、主动帮忙、意愿 | I will helpyou with your English. | 不适用 |
2. 其他时态表将来
1. 现在进行时表将来:come/go/leave/arrive/fly 等位移动词,表安排好的近期行程
The train is leaving soon.
2. 一般现在时表将来:时刻表、固定班次(火车、课程)
The class begins at 8 a.m. tomorrow.
3. 时间标志词(中考范围优先考虑将来时)
tomorrow, tomorrow morning, next week/month/year, in + 时间段(in three days 三天后), soon, later, the day after tomorrow
4. 混合考点:主将从现
if(如果), as soon as(一…就), when(当…), until(直到)引导的时间状语从句 / 条件状语从句中,主句将来时,从句用一般现在时代替将来时
He will call you as soon as he arrives.
注意:if除了在条件句中表“如果”,还会引导宾语从句表“是否”
if如果→ 条件状语从句,主将从现
if是否→ 宾语从句,时态按实际将来,可以用will
I don’t know if he will come. If he comes, I will tell you.