中考英语主谓一致与时态专练

本专练由知识梳理与实战练习两部分组成。知识梳理部分系统讲解主谓一致与时态两大考点的核心规则及解题基本方法；实战练习共 30 小题，第一部分为单项选择（20小题，每小题 2 分，共40 分），第二部分为语法填空（10 小题，每小题2 分，共 20 分），所有题目均选为中考真题。

一、主谓一致核心知识点与解题方法

主谓一致指谓语动词必须在人称和数上与主语保持一致，是中考单项选择和语法填空的必考点。解题时先找主语、判断单复数，再结合时态确定谓语形式。

（一）语法一致：主语单复数决定谓语形式

1. 单数主语用单数谓语。可数名词单数、不可数名词及单个不定代词（someone, anyone, everyone, no one, something, nothing, each）作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例：Everyone is here now. / Each of the students has a dictionary.

2. 复数主语用复数谓语。可数名词复数以及both, few, many, several 等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例：These books are written by Mo Yan.

3. and 连接并列主语时，谓语动词通常用复数；但当 and 连接的两个名词指同一个人或同一个事物时，谓语动词用单数。例：Tom and his brother play football every weekend. / The writer and professor is coming to our school.

4. the number of + 复数名词（……的数量）作主语时，谓语动词用单数；a number of + 复数名词（许多）作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例：The number of students is increasing. / A number of students are playing on the playground.

（二）意义一致：按意义判断单复数

1. 表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。例：Two hours is enough for the exam. / Ten thousand yuan is enough to buy a new computer.

2. 集体名词（family, class, team 等）强调整体时谓语动词用单数，强调成员时用复数。例：The class is big. / The class are having a discussion.

3. 以 -s 结尾的学科名词和不可数名词（physics, maths, news 等）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例：No news is good news.

4. 分数或百分数+ of + 名词作主语时，谓语动词与 of 后的名词保持一致。例：Three fifths of the land is covered with trees. / 20% of the students are from the countryside.

5. the + 形容词表示一类人（the old, the young, the rich）时，谓语动词用复数。例：The old are taken good care of in our country.

（三）就近原则：谓语与最近的主语一致

1. there be句型中，谓语动词与最靠近它的主语保持一致。例：There is a book and two pens on the desk.

2. either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also... 连接并列主语时，谓语动词与最靠近它的主语保持一致。例：Neither you nor he is right. / Not only the students but also the teacher likes this film.

（四）就远原则：主语后接介词短语不影响谓语

主语后接with, together with, along with, as well as, except, besides 等介词短语时，谓语动词与介词短语前的真正主语保持一致。例：Tom, together with his parents, is going to visit the Great Wall. / Everyone except Mike is going to play basketball.

（五）解题基本方法

1. 找主语：先划出谓语动词前的真正主语，排除 with, except 等介词短语的干扰；

2. 定“数”：判断主语是单数还是复数，特别留意the number of / a number of、everyone、each of 等易错结构；

3. 定“时”：根据时间状语和句意判断时态；

4. 综合判断：谓语动词的形式必须同时满足时态和主谓一致两个条件。

二、时态核心知识点与解题方法

中考对动词时态的考查集中在一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时六种时态，解题关键是找准时间标志词、判断动作发生的时间。

（一）一般现在时

1. 构成：主语为第三人称单数时用does / 动词三单，其他人称用 do / 动词原形；be动词用 am/is/are。

2. 用法与标志词：表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理，常与 often, usually, always, sometimes, every day/week/year 等连用。例：She gets up at 6:00 in the morning. / A journey of a thousand li begins with a single step.

（二）一般过去时

1. 构成：主语+ did / 动词过去式；be 动词用was/were。

2. 用法与标志词：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 yesterday, last week/month/year, ... ago, in 2023, just now 等连用。例：Last year, my brother finished high school.

3. 注意：不规则动词的过去式（go—went, take—took, begin—began 等）需要熟记。

（三）一般将来时

1. 构成：will + 动词原形，或 be going to + 动词原形。

2. 用法与标志词：表示将来要发生的动作或打算，常与 tomorrow, next week, in + 时间段, soon 等连用。例：We are going to visit the Great Wall next week.

（四）现在进行时

1. 构成：am/is/are + 动词-ing。

2. 用法与标志词：表示此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与 now, at the moment 及Look!, Listen! 等提示语连用。例：Look! My sister is setting the table.

（五）过去进行时

1. 构成：was/were + 动词-ing。

2. 用法与标志词：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，常与 at that time, at 8 o’clock yesterday 等连用；when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句常用过去进行时。例：I was taking a shower when you called.

3. 注意：when后通常接“瞬间动作”，while 后通常接“持续动作”。

（六）现在完成时

1. 构成：have/has + 动词过去分词。

2. 用法与标志词：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或动作从过去持续到现在，常与 already, yet, just, ever, never, so far, since + 时间点或从句, for + 时间段, in the past few years 等连用。例：I have loved movies since I first went to the cinema.

3. 注意：短暂性动词（leave, buy, begin, die, come 等）不能与 for/since 引导的时间段连用，须换成延续性表达（be away, have, be on, be dead, be here）。例：She has been away since last month.

4. 辨析：has gone to（去了还没回来）、has been to（去过已回来）、has been in（一直在某地）。

（七）主将从现

在 if, unless, when, while, as soon as, until, before, after 等引导的条件或时间状语从句中，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。例：If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. / I will call you if he stays at home.

（八）解题基本方法

1. 找时间标志词：already, since, for, so far 提示现在完成时；yesterday, ago, last week 提示一般过去时；tomorrow, next week, in + 时间段提示一般将来时；now, Look!, Listen! 提示现在进行时；

2. 看语境判断：没有标志词时，根据句意判断动作发生在过去、现在还是将来，是“经常做”还是“正在做”；

3. 注意特殊句式：主将从现；since引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；when/while 的时态搭配；

4. 结合主谓一致：确定时态后，根据主语的单复数选择正确的谓语形式（does, has, is 等）。

三、单项选择

（一）主谓一致

1. Neither my parents nor my brother ______ to the Great Wall.
A. have beenB. has beenC. are goingD. is going

2. Two months ______ quite a long time for me to finish this project.
A. isB. areC. wasD. were

3. The number of students in our school ______ increasing year by year.
A. isB. areC. wasD. were

4. —There ______ many ancient Chinese poems in this book. Which one do you like best?
—Climbing a Tower by Wang Zhihuan.
A. areB. isC. wereD. was

5. In China, a number of birthday persons ______ cakes with candles. The number of candles ______ the person’s age.
A. has; isB. eats; areC. eat; is

6.______ Jake ______ his mother likes pop songs, and they often sing together.
A. Not only; but alsoB. Neither; norC. Either; or

7. Xia Sen ______ a simple life and saves her money for donations.
A. livesB. livedC. was livingD. will live

8. A lot of people in China ______ by high-speed train every year.
A. travelB. traveledC. will travelD. have traveled

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