听考研真题|2021年英一阅读2:印尼的扶贫计划有利于减缓森林砍伐

Last year marked the third year in a row of when Indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace. One reason for the turnaround may be the country’s antipoverty program.

【生词】bleak adj.暗淡的，无望的, 阴冷的, 凄清的, 沮丧的

turnaround n.车辆调头处, 转变, 转身，转向

antipoverty adj.反贫穷的; n.反贫穷的<美>（尤指政府倡议的）反贫穷计划

【翻译】去年是印度尼西亚森林砍伐率连续第三年有所放缓。这一转机的一个原因可能是该国实施的扶贫计划。

In 2007, Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care. 

【翻译】2007年，印度尼西亚启动了一项渐进式援助计划，根据特定条件（例如要求受助者确保子女就学或定期接受医疗照护）向最贫困居民发放现金援助。

Called conditional cash transfers or CCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty.

They’re already used in dozens of countries worldwide. In Indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially reduce severe growth problems among children.

That’s because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty.

【生词】degradation n.堕落，落魄, 恶化，衰退, 降解

【翻译】这是因为经济增长可能与环境恶化存在关联，而保护环境有时又与较高的贫困率相关。

However, those correlations don’t prove cause and effect. 

The only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in Mexico that had instituted CCTs, supported the traditional view. 

【生词】causality n.因果关系, 因果性

There, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat,Ferraro says.

【生词】cattle n.牛

【翻译】费拉罗表示，随着人们收入增加，其中部分人可能拥有了更多可放牧牲畜的耕地用于获取肉类。

Such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment, though. 

Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia’s poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation.  

【生词】deforestation n.森林砍伐

【翻译】费拉罗想探究印度尼西亚的扶贫计划是否对森林砍伐现象产生了影响。

Indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one of the highest deforestation rates.

【生词】tropical adj.热带的, 来自热带的, 典型热带气候的

【翻译】印度尼西亚拥有全球第三大的热带森林面积，同时也是森林砍伐率最高的国家之一。

The threat of nationalisation may have been seen off for now, but it will return with a vengeance if the justified anger of passengers is not addressed in short order.

【生词】vengeance n. 报仇

【翻译】国有化这一威胁或许目前已被暂时化解，但若乘客们合理表达的愤怒未能得到及时妥善处理，该威胁必将卷土重来。

Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to 2012—   including during Indonesia’s phase-in of the antipoverty program—in 7,468 forested villages across 15 provinces. 

【生词】satellite n.卫星, 人造卫星, 卫星国, 卫星区

【翻译】Ferraro 分析了 2008 年至 2012 年间（包括印度尼西亚逐步实施减贫计划期间）覆盖 15 个省份、共计 7,468 个林区村庄的年度森林面积减少卫星数据。

“We see that the program is associated with a 30 percent reduction in deforestation,”Ferraro says.

【翻译】“我们发现，该计划使森林砍伐现象减少了 30%，”费拉罗表示。

That’s likely because the rural poor are using the money as makeshift insurance policies against inclement weather, Ferraro says. 

【生词】makeshift adj.临时的, 权宜之计的, 凑合的

inclement adj.<正>（天气）恶劣的（指寒冷的、潮湿的等）

【翻译】费拉罗表示，这很可能是因为农村贫困人群将这笔钱当作一种临时性的保险手段，以应对恶劣天气。

Typically, if rains are delayed, people may clear land to plant more rice to supplement their harvests.

【翻译】通常情况下，若降雨推迟，农民可能会清理土地种植更多水稻，以补充其收成。

Whether this research translates elsewhere is anybody’s guess.

Ferraro suggests the results may transfer to other parts of Asia, due to commonalities such as the importance of growing rice and market access.

【生词】commonality n.公共，共性，平民

And regardless of transferability, the study shows that what’s good for people may also be good for the environment. 

【翻译】无论其可转移性如何，这项研究均表明，对人类有益的做法也可能对环境有益。

Even if this program didn’t reduce poverty, Ferraro says, “the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions alone is more than the program costs.”