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高考英语真题2021全国乙卷阅读D篇语篇翻译
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高考英语真题2021全国乙卷阅读D篇语篇翻译During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works. The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels (分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise. But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks. So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face‑to‑face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions. 全文翻译： 在为我的一本书接受采访时，采访者说了一句话，我至今时常想起。开放式办公室里层出不穷的干扰让他很烦躁，他说：“所以我才办了街对面共享办公空间的会员——这样我才能集中注意力。”他这番话让我觉得很奇怪。毕竟，共享办公场所通常也是开放式布局。但我最近看到一项研究，解释了为什么他这个办法是管用的。 研究人员让受试者完成创造性思维测试，同时给他们施加不同程度的背景噪音。受试者被随机分成四组，置身于不同的背景噪音环境中：完全静音、50分贝、70分贝、85分贝。大多数组别之间的差异，从统计学上看并不显著；但是，70分贝那一组——也就是噪音水平和咖啡馆里低声闲聊相近的环境——受试者的表现明显优于其他组。由于（各组之间）差距不算特别大，这或许说明：完全安静和85分贝的背景噪音，对我们创造性思维的影响差别并不大。 但70分贝组的结果十分显著。该研究表明：适度的背景噪音——不要太吵，也不要完全安静——反而可以提升人的创造性思维能力。合适的背景噪音，能恰到好处地打破我们固有的思维模式，让思绪自由发散，却又不至于让人完全无法集中。这种“受轻微干扰的专注”，似乎是完成创造性任务的最佳状态。 那为什么我们很多人都讨厌开放式办公室？问题或许在于：在办公室里，当我们努力想要专注时，总是忍不住被别人的谈话吸引。 的确，研究者发现：面对面的即时交谈会干扰创造的过程；而共享办公区或者咖啡馆，虽然存在一定的背景噪音，却能让人免于被随时打断。 题目+选项 1. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space? 采访者为什么更喜欢共享办公空间？ A. It helps him concentrate. 它能帮他集中注意力。 B. It blocks out background noise. 它能隔绝背景噪音。 C. It has a pleasant atmosphere. 它有令人愉悦的氛围。 D. It encourages face‑to‑face interactions. 它鼓励面对面交流。 ✅答案：A 2. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability? 哪一等级的背景噪音可能会提升创造性思维能力？ A. Total silence. 完全安静。 B. 50 decibels. 50分贝。 C. 70 decibels. 70分贝。 D. 85 decibels. 85分贝。 ✅答案：C 3. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people? 是什么让很多人不喜欢开放式办公室？ A. Personal privacy unprotected.个人隐私得不到保护。 B. Limited working space. 工作空间有限。 C. Restrictions on group discussion. 对小组讨论的限制。 D. Constant interruptions. 不断被打断、干扰。 ✅答案：D 4. What can we infer about the author from the text? 从文章中我们可以推断出关于作者的什么信息？ A. He’s a news reporter. 他是一名新闻记者。 B. He’s an office manager. 他是一名办公室经理。 C. He’s a professional designer. 他是专业设计师。 D. He’s a published writer. 他是一名已出版作品的作家。 ✅答案：D 重点单词: - distraction /dɪˈstrækʃn/ n. 分心；干扰 - membership /ˈmembəʃɪp/ n. 会员身份 - coworking /ˌkəʊˈwɜːkɪŋ/ n. 共享办公 - layout /ˈleɪaʊt/ n. 布局，设计 - participant /pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/ n. 参与者 - randomly /ˈrændəmli/ adv. 随机地 - decibel /ˈdesɪbl/ n. 分贝 - statistically /stəˈtɪstɪkli/ adv. 在统计上 - insignificant /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ adj. 不显著的；无关紧要的 - chatter /ˈtʃætə(r)/ n. 闲聊，絮叨的说话声 - significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ adv. 显著地 - outperform /ˌaʊtpəˈfɔːm/ v. 表现优于；胜过 - wander /ˈwɒndə(r)/ v. 漫游；（思绪）走神 - interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ n. 交流，互动 高频短语 1. strike sb. as… 给某人留下……的印象；让某人觉得…… 2. come across 偶然发现；偶遇 3. be exposed to 接触；置身于…… 4. in response to 作为对……的反应 5. creative thinking ability 创造性思维能力 6. draw sb. into… 把某人卷入；使某人被……吸引 7. freedom from interruptions 免受打扰
