本模块为2024年医学考博英语真题精讲，医学考博英语共五种题型：听力、词汇、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译与写作。整套真题精讲计划用时17天，本次先从听力部分开始，计划用时五天，今天是第四天。
题量及分值
第一部分是听力，分值占比30%，共30题，每题一分，包括Section A和Section B两节内容。Section A 中的材料为约100词的对话，总计5段，每段对话附有3个问题，共15题，每题1分。材料及提问只读1遍，考生有12秒的时间作答每一道题目，根据听到的内容，从四个选项中选出最佳答案。Section B中的材料为约150词的短文，总计5段，每段短文附有3个问题，共15 题，每题1分。材料及提问只读1遍，考生听完每个问题后，需在12秒内选择最佳答案。
听力部分计划
Section A和Section B两部分总计十段对话/短文，计划分五天完成，每天精听两段材料，后附答案解析、解题技巧及每日听力高频词汇积累。今天是听力训练第四天，接下来你将听到两段短文。
Section B
Passage Two
19.
A. Having difficulty sleeping alone.
B. Sleep trouble at home.
C. Sleep difficulty in a hotel.
D. Sleep difficulty in a new place.
20.
A. The left hemisphere was less active.
B. The left hemisphere was more active.
C. The left hemisphere worked the same as the right.
D. The left hemisphere worked alone.
21.
A. Whether the right hemisphere works in the night.
B. How the brain looks out for us in a new place.
C. Whether the left hemisphere works in shifts with the right in the night.
D. Why people have the First Night Effect.
Passage Three
22.
A. Air travel.
B. The effect on the accuracy of weather forecasts.
C. The connection between the pandemic and weather forecasts.
D. How the planes collect data on air temperature and wind speed.
23.
A. From aircraft.
B. From meteorologists’ models.
C. From the jetliners’ passengers.
D. From areas with heavy traffic.
24.
A. Accurate information about weather conditions.
B. Making the air travel popular.
C. With the virus grounding flights, there are fewer flights, which means less data.
D. Making meteorologists too sick to collect data.
答案速查： 19. D 20. B 21. C 22. C 23. A 24. C
听力原文
Passage Two
(19) Have you ever had trouble sleeping the first night at a hotel or other places outside your home? Lots of people do. This is called First Night Effect, and now researchers began to show interest in it. They found that one half of the brain remains more awake than the other half when people are trying to sleep in a new place. The researchers measured brainwaves for 35 volunteers over two nights in a‑laboratory. (20) They found during the first night the left hemisphere of the brain was more active than the right hemisphere during the first deep sleep period. Researchers did not keep measuring brainwaves all night long, (21) so they don’t know if the left hemisphere keeps watch all night or whether it works in shifts with the right hemisphere later in the night. But at least it is good for us to know that our brain is looking out for us in a new place.
19. What is First Night Effect?
A. Having difficulty sleeping alone.
B. Sleep trouble at home.
C. Sleep difficulty in a hotel.
D. Sleep difficulty in a new place.
【解析】题干问的是首夜效应的概念，由短文开头“…had trouble sleeping the first night at a hotel or other places outside your home”可知，这一概念知识的是在家以外的新地方有睡眠障碍，选 D。
20. What can be said of the left hemisphere as compared to the right one during the first deep sleep period at the first night?
A. The left hemisphere was less active.
B. The left hemisphere was more active.
C. The left hemisphere worked the same as the right.
D. The left hemisphere worked alone.
【解析】题干问的是在首晚的第一次深度睡眠期间，左脑与右脑相比是什么情况。短文中间部分指出“the left hemisphere of the brain was more active than the right…during the first deep sleep period”,由此可知首次深度睡眠时，左脑比右脑更活跃。选 B。
21. Which question remains unanswered as mentioned in the passage?
A. Whether the right hemisphere works in the night.
B. How the brain looks out for us in a new place.
C. Whether the left hemisphere works in shifts with the right in the night.
D. Why people have the First Night Effect.
【解析】题干问的是文中提到的哪个问题还没有答案。短文最后提到“…they don’t know if the left hemisphere keeps watch all night or whether it works in shifts with the right hemisphere…”，由此可知，目前尚不可知左脑工作一整晚还是与右脑交替工作。选 C。
Passage Three
(22) Here are two things that you probably didn’t think were connected: the pandemic and weather forecasts. But there is a link, commercial air travel. As jetliners carry passengers around the world, they also collect vital weather measurements, like air temperature and wind speed. (24) During the pandemic, however, air travel has come almost to a halt. To create weather forecasts, meteorologists need to feed accurate information about current weather conditions into their models. (23) And planes are one of the best ways to get such information, since they sample the atmosphere at different altitudes and locations. (24) But with the coronavirus grounding flights around the world, meteorologists are feeling the loss. In Greenland, for example, the accuracy of temperature forecasts has decreased by as much as 3.5 degrees Fahrenheit. Areas with heavy air traffic, like the US and China, were also affected because fewer flights means less data.
22. What is mainly talked about in this passage?
A. Air travel.
B. The effect on the accuracy of weather forecasts.
C. The connection between the pandemic and weather forecasts.
D. How the planes collect data on air temperature and wind speed.
【解析】主旨题。短文开头部分就指出疫情和天气预报的联系，是通过商业旅行建立起来的。所以说的是疫情与天气预报的联系，故选 C。
23. According to the passage, what is one of the best ways to get accurate information about weather conditions?
A. From aircraft.
B. From meteorologists’ models.
C. From the jetliners’ passengers.
D. From areas with heavy traffic.
【解析】题干问获取准确天气信息的最好方法之一是什么。短文中间部分提到 “planes are one of the best ways…”可知飞机是获取天气预测所需信息的最好方式之一，故选 A。
24. How does the pandemic affect weather forecasts?
A. Accurate information about weather conditions.
B. Making the air travel popular.
C. With the virus grounding flights, there are fewer flights, which means less data.
D. Making meteorologists too sick to collect data.
【解析】题干问的是疫情是如何影响天气预报的。短文中间部分提到“During the pandemic…air travel has come almost to a halt.”以及“with the coronavirus grounding flights…are feeling the loss.”可知，疫情期间，病毒通过航班遍布全球，使得航空飞行几乎停滞。因而通过飞机收集的天气数据变少，故选 C。
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听力题型总结与解题技巧
Section B 中的主旨题
题型分析
主旨题多用于考查考生对长篇听力材料的整体理解能力。考查方向包括判断对话谈论主题、说话人的意图，或是概括听力材料的核心情节。这类题目大多设置在第一道或者最后一道，典型设问句式：What is the main topic of the passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is the speaker mainly talking about/discussing? What’s the purpose of…? 主旨题选项特征十分突出，大多为短语或是简短句子。
【词汇积累】
医学考博英语
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