考向1 名词与其他词类之间的相互转换
1.(2023年新高考II卷)Since June 2017, right before the ______ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
【答案】arrival
【解析】考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。
2.（2022年1月浙江卷）When the answer was no,she declined the________(invite) .
【答案】invitation
【解析】考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。
3.（2022年6月浙江卷）John Olson, a former (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
【答案】photographer
【解析】考查名词。句意：约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师，他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。单数名词做主语，根据句意表示“摄影师”，此处为单数概念，故填photographer。
4.（2022年6月浙江卷）For Luc, this means (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it and to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
【答案】independence
【解析】考查名词。句意：对卢克来说，这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean的宾语。 故填independence。
5.(2021年新高考II卷) A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【答案】representative
【解析】考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。
6.（2021年浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ______（marry）ceremony in 1842.
【答案】marriage
考向2 考查名词的复数形式
1.(2023年新高考II卷)They also need to be ready to give __________ (interview) in English with international journalists.
【答案】interviews
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好接受国际记者的英语采访。这里指他们要接受多次采访。故用interviews。
2.（2023·1月浙江卷）Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic ________ (event).
【答案】events
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知，空格处需要填名词，且event为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填events。
3.（2022年新高考I卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ______ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
【答案】populations
【解析】考查名词的数。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，且在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population ，意为“种群”，且应用复数形式。故填populations。
4.（2021·新高考I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we (human) are.
【答案】humans
【解析】考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语，故应该填名词的复数形式。故填humans。
考向3 考查名词的所有格
1.（2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷）“He saved my ______ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown.
【答案】son’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
2.（2021浙江卷）It is calculated by dividing a ______ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
【答案】person’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。此空后接名词，且根据句意“它的计算方法是用一个人的体重公斤数除以身高米数的平方……”，故此处填person的所有格形式。
考向4 考查抽象名词具体化用法
1.（2023·全国甲卷）The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty (warn) about environmental destruction.
【答案】warning
2.（2020·新课标Ⅱ卷）Chinese New Year is a ____ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】考查名词作表语。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。
考向5 考查名词的句法功能
1.（2021年全国乙卷）Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ______(develop)of the local areas.
【答案】development
2.(2022年全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ______ (protect).
【答案】protection
【解析】考查词性转换及名词作宾语。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
